The Big Thaw

Description

Climate change, one of the drivers of global change, is controversial in political circles, but recognized in scientific ones as being of central importance today for the United States and the world. In The Big Thaw, the editors bring together experts, advocates, and academic professionals who address the serious issue of how climate change in the Circumpolar Arctic is affecting and will continue to affect environments, cultures, societies, and economies throughout the world. The contributors discuss a variety of topics, including anthropology, sociology, human geography, community economics, regional development and planning, and political science, as well as biogeophysical sciences such as ecology, human-environmental interactions, and climatology.
List of Illustrations

Foreword
Owen Temby and Peter Stoett

1. In the Vortex of the Thaw: General Introduction
Ezra B. W. Zubrow, Errol Meidinger, and Kim Diana Connolly

Part I.

2. Red Sky in Morning, Sailors Take Warning: Forewarnings from a Thawing Arctic
Ezra B. W. Zubrow, Errol Meidinger, and Kim Diana Connolly

3. Will Action on Short-Lived Climate Forcers Give the Arctic Time to Adapt?
Mark W. Roberts

4. Sustaining Arctic Breeding Waterbirds: Policy Implications for Temperate Countries Resulting from Arctic Climate Change
David A. Stroud

5. Arctic Biodiversity: Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna with Excerpts Taken from the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment
Courtney Price et al.

6. Is the Climatic Optimum on Its Way Back? Consequences, Measures, and Attitudes Associated with Climate Change in Finland
Milton Núñez

7. Teleconnecting the Great Thaw
Ezra B. W. Zubrow

Part II.

8. One Law to Rule Them All: Arctic Climate Change Policy and Legal Realities
Kim Diana Connolly, Ezra B. W. Zubrow, and Errol Meidinger

9. Regulating in the Face of a Changing World: Legal Regulation of Climate Change
Michael B. Gerrard

10. Avoiding Genocide: Factors Applicable to Adaptation Planning for Arctic Indigenous Peoples
Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner

11. Geopower and Sea Ice: Encounters with the Geopolitical Stage
Duncan Depledge

12. Arctic Wetlands and Limited International Protections: Can the Ramsar Convention Help Meaningfully Address Climate Change?
Kim Diana Connolly

13. Climate Governance and Arctic Governance: You Can’t Have One Without the Other? Or, What Dual Governance Failures Look Like
Cinnamon Carlarne

Part III.

14. Polar Communities and Cultures in Addressing Climate Change
Errol Meidinger, Ezra B. W. Zubrow, and Kim Diana Connolly

15. Livelihood and Resilience in a Marginal Northern Environment: 1,000 Years on the Småland Plateau
T. L. Thurston

16. The Holocene Catastrophe
André Costopoulos

17. Effects of Natural and Social Stressors on Human Biology: Northern Sweden in the Little Ice Age
Theodore Steegmann

18. Surviving Climate Change: Yup’ik Indigenous Environmental Knowledge, a Film Project
Sarah Elder

19. Resilience, Reindeer, Oil, and Climate Change: Challenges Facing the Nenets Indigenous People in the Russian Arctic
Maria S. Tysiachniouk, Laura A. Henry, and Svetlana A. Tulaeva

20. Representations of Environmental Problems and Climate Change: The Case of the Young Inhabitants of the City of Buenos Aires
Enrique del Acebo Ibáñez

21. Future?
Torill Christine Lindstrøm

22. Conclusion: Elegy for the Arctic?
Errol Meidinger, Ezra B. W. Zubrow, and Kim Diana Connolly

Acknowledgments
Contributors
Index

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 01 septembre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781438475653
• Langue: English

Extrait

THE BIG
THAW
SUNY series in Environmental Governance: Local-Regional-Global Interactions

Peter Stoett and Owen Temby, editors
THE BIG
THAW
POLICY, GOVERNANCE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE CIRCUMPOLAR NORTH
Edited by
Ezra B. W. Zubrow,
Errol Meidinger, and
Kim Diana Connolly
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2019 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY
www.sunypress.edu
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Zubrow, Ezra B. W., editor. | Meidinger, Errol, editor. | Connolly, Kim Diana, editor.
Title: The big thaw : policy, governance, and climate change in the circumpolar north / edited by Ezra Zubrow, Errol Meidinger, Kim Diana Connolly.
Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2019] | Series: SUNY series in environmental governance | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018043675 | ISBN 9781438475639 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438475653 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Global warming. | Climatic changes. | Arctic regions—Climate. | Arctic regions—Environmental conditions.
Classification: LCC QC981.8.G56 B45945 2019 | DDC 363.738/74609113—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018043675
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The editors wish to dedicate this volume to our families and to the inspirational peoples of the Arctic.
Contents
List of Illustrations
Foreword
Owen Temby and Peter Stoett
1 In the Vortex of the Thaw: General Introduction
Ezra B. W. Zubrow, Errol Meidinger, and Kim Diana Connolly
PART 1
2 Red Sky in Morning, Sailors Take Warning: Forewarnings from a Thawing Arctic
Ezra B. W. Zubrow, Errol Meidinger, and Kim Diana Connolly
3 Will Action on Short-Lived Climate Forcers Give the Arctic Time to Adapt?
Mark W. Roberts
4 Sustaining Arctic Breeding Waterbirds: Policy Implications for Temperate Countries Resulting from Arctic Climate Change
David A. Stroud
5 Arctic Biodiversity: Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna with Excerpts Taken from the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment
Courtney Price et al.
6 Is the Climatic Optimum on Its Way Back? Consequences, Measures, and Attitudes Associated with Climate Change in Finland
Milton Núñez
7 Teleconnecting the Great Thaw
Ezra B. W. Zubrow
PART 2
8 One Law to Rule Them All: Arctic Climate Change Policy and Legal Realities
Kim Diana Connolly, Ezra B. W. Zubrow, and Errol Meidinger
9 Regulating in the Face of a Changing World: Legal Regulation of Climate Change
Michael B. Gerrard
10 Avoiding Genocide: Factors Applicable to Adaptation Planning for Arctic Indigenous Peoples
Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner
11 Geopower and Sea Ice: Encounters with the Geopolitical Stage
Duncan Depledge
12 Arctic Wetlands and Limited International Protections: Can the Ramsar Convention Help Meaningfully Address Climate Change?
Kim Diana Connolly
13 Climate Governance and Arctic Governance: You Can’t Have One Without the Other? Or, What Dual Governance Failures Look Like
Cinnamon Carlarne
PART 3
14 Polar Communities and Cultures in Addressing Climate Change
Errol Meidinger, Ezra B. W. Zubrow, and Kim Diana Connolly
15 Livelihood and Resilience in a Marginal Northern Environment: 1,000 Years on the Småland Plateau
T. L. Thurston
16 The Holocene Catastrophe
André Costopoulos
17 Effects of Natural and Social Stressors on Human Biology: Northern Sweden in the Little Ice Age
Theodore Steegmann
18 Surviving Climate Change: Yup’ik Indigenous Environmental Knowledge, a Film Project
Sarah Elder
19 Resilience, Reindeer, Oil, and Climate Change: Challenges Facing the Nenets Indigenous People in the Russian Arctic
Maria S. Tysiachniouk, Laura A. Henry, and Svetlana A. Tulaeva
20 Representations of Environmental Problems and Climate Change: The Case of the Young Inhabitants of the City of Buenos Aires
Enrique del Acebo Ibáñez
21 Future?
Torill Christine Lindstrøm
22 Conclusion: Elegy for the Arctic?
Errol Meidinger, Ezra B. W. Zubrow, and Kim Diana Connolly
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Index
Illustrations
Tables 1.1 Number of people impacted by type of climate disasters worldwide from 1975 to 2001 1.2 Climate-induced migration, comparing the number of people moving and the intensity of resulting conflicts 4.1 The distribution of breeding terrestrial waterbird species in different arctic regions. Information from Ganter Gaston 2013 4.2 Some migratory waterbird linkages between Britain and Ireland and breeding areas in the Arctic 4.3 Designated sites of international importance for Greenland white-fronted geese in the UK and population trends at these sites since legal designation. Data from Greenland White-fronted Goose Study annual reports 4.4 Main multilateral policy mechanisms linking Arctic and non-Arctic countries in issues of biodiversity conservation—especially as related to migratory birds 6.1 A few relevant facts about Finland 7.1 Descriptive attributes of eight northern archaeological sites 20.1 Measures against the contamination and the consequences of climate change: grade of effectiveness (inhabitants of Buenos Aires City, ages 15–25) 20.2 Relation between actual participation and consumerism life (inhabitants of Buenos Aires City, ages 15–25) 20.3 Relation between total rootedness and consumerism life (inhabitants of Buenos Aires City, ages 15–25)
Figures 3.1 Impact of short-lived climate forcers (sans HFCs) on temperature globally and in the Arctic 3.2 Increase in global consumption of HFCs 3.3 2010 sources of global black carbon emissions 3.4 Creation of tropospheric ozone 3.5 Impacts of mitigation of CO 2 and SLCPs 4.1 Proportion of first year Greenland White-fronted Geese at their main wintering haunts at Wexford, Ireland (triangles) and Islay, Scotland (squares). Open symbols indicate breeding years 1970–1981; closed symbols 1982–2012. 4.2 Trend in global population of Greenland White-fronted Geese 6.1 Geographical situation of Finland with places mentioned in the text and the isobases of isostatic uplift in mm/year or dm/century 6.2 Sea level scenarios for 2100 in coastal cities/towns. The negative values (in cm) mark those towns where the rising sea level will overcome the local isostatic uplift by 2100. The positive values denote those towns where the uplift is expected to exceed the sea level rise. All values are weighted averages in centimeters. 6.3 Distribution of Ixodes ricinus, the teak known to carry encephalitis (T.B.E.) and borreliosis, in the 1980s (black) and today (grey) 6.4 Results of 2008–2012 polls showing the proportion of Finns that regarded climate change as threat 6.5 Comparison of the energy sources used in Finland 1990–2012. Observe that the use of nuclear and renewables (grey) have for the first time clearly surpassed fossil and peat (black) in 2012. 7.1 North Atlantic Oscillation based on calculations from the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia using data from Iceland, Gibraltar, and Ponta Delgada 7.2 General North American Air Mass Patterns: The AMO index (black), precipitation record from the Yucatan Peninsula (gray), coral-based δ 18 O record from Puerto Rico14 (thick black), and the δ 18 O record from lake Chichancanab29 (dashed gray line) show the location of the climate proxy records (black and gray dots) and schematic major atmospheric systems. Note the close correlation and time lag between the general AMO index and the Mayan climate proxies. 7.3 Autocorrelations of North American Oscillation, Pinus, and Betula from both Masehjarbi and Akuvaara. (1) Autocorrelation Function for NAO2 (with 5% significance limits for the autocorrelations) (2) Autocorrelation Function for MAS P COUNT (with 5% significance limits for the autocorrelations) (3) Autocorrelation Function for MAS B COUNT (with 5% significance limits for the autocorrelations) (4) Autocorrelation Function for AKU P COUNT (with 5% significance limits for the autocorrelations) (5) Autocorrelation Function for AKU B COUNT (with 5% significance limits for the autocorrelations) 7.4 The lagged cross-correlations for Masehjabi Pinus and Betula and for Akuvaara Pinus and Betula with the North Atlantic Oscillation 7.5 Scatter plots of Pinus and Betula versus the North Atlantic Oscillation 15.1 Sweden and Småland in geographic and chronological context 17.1 Christianity was established in Sweden about AD 1000. This figure shows growing parish church construction, an index of community resources and social will, during the medieval warming period. Construction declined sharply with Little Ice Age onset and the black death in 1350. 17.2 This model illustrates the action of natural and social independent variables on human health and mortality. These factors led to declines in population, availability of labor, and general well-being in late medieval Sweden. 20.1 Sociocultural world and climate change 20.2 Climate change and sociocultural world as total phenomena 20.3 Climate chang