This is the first practical, step-by-step guide to a key management technique—the design of efficient, cost-effective programs. With social programs succumbing to the pressures of budgetary cutbacks and taxpayer opposition, it gives public administrators the skills to design programs that will endure even as resources decline.
The author begins to bridge the gap between what is needed by society and what can be provided by government by assisting public managers in identifying and surmounting obstacles in the way of program change. He does so by synthesizing what is known about program planning as a body of knowledge with the application of programs under real life conditions. His how-to approach covers such tasks as selecting a problem for analysis, diagnosing the organizational setting, preparing a work plan, developing alternatives, collecting data, communicating results, and preparing for implementation. The exercises and exhibits included in this workbook are applicable to all areas of public service, including health and human services, social services, criminal justice, and education. Preface
1. Introduction
What is Program Design Program Design as Planned Change Approaches for Understanding the Process of Change The Program Design Process
2. Getting Started
Step 1Selecting a Problem Area for Analysis Step 2Organizing for Program Design Summary
3. Diagnosing the Organizational Setting
Step 1Describing the Performance Gap Step 2Rating Individual Factors Step 3Rating Organizational Factors Step 4Identifying Environmental Factors Step 5 the Feasibility of a program Design Project Summary
4. Generating Public Support
Step 1Restating the Problem as an Issue Step 2Identifying the Likely Actors Step 3Estimating the Issue Position, Power and Salience of Each Actor Step 4Calculating Weights and Probabilities Step 5Identifying Strategies Summary
5. Preparing a Workplan
Step 1Defining the Problem Step 2Describing the Current Program Step 3Establishing the Project Scope Step 4Describing the Program Design Methodology Step 5Establishing and Assigning Work Tasks Step 6Approving the Workplan Summary
6. Establishing Goals, Objectives and Performance Criteria
Step 1Reviewing Program Material Step 2Defining Program Goals Step 3Defining Program Objectives Step 4Establishing Performance Criteria Summary
7. Developing Program Alternatives
Step 1Generating Program Alternatives Step 2Screening Program Alternatives Step 3Forecasting Step 4Categorizing Alternatives Summary
8. Data Collection
Step 1Estimating Service Demand Step 2Estimating Costs Step 3Collecting Effectiveness Data Step 4Collecting Feasibility information Summary
9. Synthesizing the Data
Step 1Organizing the Data Step 2Comparing the Data Step 3Drawing Conclusions Summary
10. Communicating the Results
Step 1Preparing the Draft Report Step 2Reviewing the Draft Report Step 3 Transmitting the Final Report Summary
11. Preparing for Implementation
Step 1Forming an Implementation Team Step 2Preparing an Implementation Workplan Step 3Methods for Monitoring Implementation Progress Step 4Follow-up Strategies Summary and Conclusions
Appendix A. Guide to Information Sources in Public Services
Appendix B. Guide to Information Sources in Human Services
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