Advocacy and Policymaking in South Korea

Jiso Yoon

Description

Who dominates in the contemporary policy process in South Korea? How do policy advocates engage in advocacy activities to exercise influence? Building on existing theories of state, society, and public policies in democracies, Advocacy and Policymaking in South Korea argues that the legacy of state-society relationships explains who influences and how in South Korean policymaking. The state-society relationship has been a popular framework to explain democratic transition and consolidation. Yet, few studies to date extend the approach to explain advocacy and policymaking across political systems. Jiso Yoon shows the relevance of the framework in explaining advocacy and policymaking today with empirical evidence drawn from the contemporary policy process in South Korea. In addition, she compares policy communities across new and old democracies, such as South Korea and the United States. In this regard, the comparative analysis included in the book sets an important research example for students of comparative public policy to follow.
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments

1. Introduction

2. How the Legacy of State and Society Relationships Shapes Contemporary Public Policy

3. Advocates Inside the Government: Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies

4. Advocates Outside the Government: The Strengths and Limits of Civil Society Groups in Policymaking

5. Who Dominates? The Policy Community versus the News

6. Comparative Policy Advocacy: Korea and the United States

7. Rethinking Advocacy and Policymaking in Korea

Appendix A
Research Design and Data Collection

Appendix B
Interview Protocol

Appendix C
The 43 Issues at the Core of This Study

Notes
References
Index

Sujets

• Comparative politics
• Korea
• History of Asia
• Activism
• Corée

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 12 septembre 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781438462530
• Langue: English

Extrait

Advocacy and Policymaking in South Korea
Advocacy and Policymaking in South Korea
How the Legacy of State and Society Relationships Shapes Contemporary Public Policy
Jiso Yoon
Cover image © istockphoto / Vincent St. Thomas
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2016 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY
www.sunypress.edu
Production, Diane Ganeles
Marketing, Kate R. Seburyamo
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Yoon, Jiso, 1982– author.
Title: Advocacy and policymaking in South Korea : how the legacy of state and society relationships shapes contemporary public policy / Jiso Yoon.
Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016007287 (print) | LCCN 2016014479 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438462516 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438462530 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH: Political planning—Korea (South) | Pressure groups—Korea (South) | Political participation—Korea (South) | Civil society—Korea (South) | Korea (South)—Politics and government.
Classification: LCC JQ1725.A55 P649754 2016 (print) | LCC JQ1725.A55 (ebook) | DDC 320.6095195—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016007287
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Contents
L IST OF I LLUSTRATIONS
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
C HAPTER 1
Introduction
C HAPTER 2
How the Legacy of State and Society Relationships Shapes Contemporary Public Policy
C HAPTER 3
Advocates Inside the Government: Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies
C HAPTER 4
Advocates Outside the Government: The Strengths and Limits of Civil Society Groups in Policymaking
C HAPTER 5
Who Dominates? The Policy Community versus the News
C HAPTER 6
Comparative Policy Advocacy: Korea and the United States
C HAPTER 7
Rethinking Advocacy and Policymaking in Korea
A PPENDIX A
Research Design and Data Collection
A PPENDIX B
Interview Protocol
A PPENDIX C
The 43 Issues at the Core of This Study
N OTES
R EFERENCES
I NDEX
Illustrations
Tables 2.1 Advocates in the Policy Community 3.1 Participants, Perspectives, and Outcomes in Bureaucratic Ministries 3.2 Participants, Perspectives, and Outcomes in the National Assembly 4.1 Influence of 25 Major Actors and Organizations 4.2 Prominent Groups and Their Policy Involvement 5.1 The Focus of Front-Page News 5.2 Actors in the Front Page News 5.3 Top 10 Most Mentioned Nongovernmental Groups on the Front Pages 6.1 Issue Characteristics 6.2 The Number and Type of Participants in the Policy Community 6.3 Arguments 6.4 Predicting Advocacy Success A.1 Policymaking Process for Laws and Orders (Ordinances) A.2 Bills Passed in the National Assembly Originating from the Legislative and Executive Branches A.3 Proposed Cases for the Study from the Executive Ministries and Opposition Parties in the Legislature

Figures 2.1 Executive Policy Agendas since Democratization 2.2 Government Attention to Policies across Administrations 2.3 Policy Agendas of President Lee Myung-bak in Context 2.4 Policy Agendas Compared 3.1 Patterns of Involvement in Executive and Legislative Policymaking 4.1 Patterns of Involvement in Economic and Noneconomic Issue Debates 4.2A Alliance and Opposition Structure 4.2B Prominent Groups and Their Policy Success 5.1A Policy Topics in the Front Page News ( Dong-A ) 5.1B Policy Topics in the Front-Page News ( Chosun ) 5.1C Policy Topics in the Front-Page News ( Hankyoreh ) 5.2 Actor Coverage of Dong-A , Chosun , and Hankyoreh Compared 5.3 Topics in the Front-Page News 5.4A Actors in the Front-Page News (All Stories) 5.4B Actors in the Front-Page News (A Subset of Stories on Policy) 6.1 Policy Outcomes 6.2 Policy Positions 6.3 Side Size 6.4 Advocacy Strategies 6.5 Matching Policy Goals and Outcomes A.1 Orders (Ordinances) and Laws as a Percentage Sum Total of Both
Acknowledgments
The completion of this book would not have been possible without the persistent encouragement and help of my friends, family, and mentors, as well as the policy advocates in Korea who devoted their precious work time. I am afraid that I will not be able to list the names of all the individuals who have shaped this project in important ways here, especially policymakers inside and outside the government whose names I promised not to make public. Unfortunately, I cannot think of an appropriate way to pay back the debts I have incurred in the process of writing this book either. Nevertheless, I hope the readers will be able to find the knowledge, passion, and spirit of these individuals here.
This book began as a dissertation project when I was a PhD student in the Department of Political Science at Penn State University. I am indebted to two of my greatest mentors: Frank Baumgartner and Lee Ann Banaszak. Lee Ann became my faculty mentor from day one in graduate school and continued performing that role until my graduation. She became my role model as a hardworking researcher and an inspiring teacher. She motivated me to think critically and become passionate about the world. On the other hand, Frank’s advice and guidance was fundamental to this book project from the beginning until completion. I really do not think I could have found any better mentor to help me navigate through a research project. With his expertise, insight, and sharpness, Frank has shaped the publication of this book in fundamental ways.
I would also like to thank the Department of Political Science and the College of the Liberal Arts at Penn State University for funding my fieldwork. Thanks also to Marie Hojnacki, Vineeta Yadav, and John D. McCarthy for contributing to my dissertation committee.
My fieldwork was made possible with the institutional support from the Research Institute for Social Science at Ewha Womans University in Korea. I would like to express my gratitude to two faculty members there—Eunbong Choi in the Department of Political Science and Sung-Nam Cho, who was the director of the Research Institute for Social Science at Ewha. I don’t believe I could have found any better research environment to complete my fieldwork.
The University of Kansas allowed me to pursue my project as a book manuscript. I would like to express special thanks to the chair of the Political Science Department, Donald Haider-Markel, for giving me a lot of encouragement and support. I would like to also thank several senior colleagues at KU, who have helped me smoothly transition from a graduate student to an assistant professor: Fiona Yap, Dorothy Daley, Hannah Britton, Robert Rohrschneider, and Gary Reich. Thanks also to Michael Lynch, Christina Bejarano, and Gail Buttorff for their friendship, support, and guidance.
St. John’s in Lawrence deserves my special acknowledgment. Mass every morning at the church was a major source of energy while I was revising the manuscript. My friends in Lawrence—Benedicta Lee, Michelle Oh, Mary Ann Roesner, Veronica Hamer, and Susan Goodwin—helped me with their prayers, friendship, and good food! I thank my family in Seoul and Ulsan—I. S. Yoon, J. J. Shin, Cherry Yoon, Nara Yoon, and Changhee Joo—for their unconditional support of my endeavors.
Of course, the publication of this book would not have been possible without the assistance of three anonymous reviewers and Michael Rinella, senior acquisitions editor at SUNY Press. I would like to thank them all for giving me valuable feedback to improve my manuscript. In addition, I would also like to say special thanks to the participants of the 2012 Rising Stars Workshop held at the University of Southern California for their helpful comments to an early draft of my book chapter.
I acknowledge kind permission granted by Taylor Francis to reprint sections of an article previously published in the Asian Journal of Political Science (Yoon 2013) in chapter 5. I would also like to thank the authors of Lobbying and Policy Change (Baumgartner et al. 2009) for graciously making their data set publicly available. The data set on advocacy and policymaking in the United States was originally collected by Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffery Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David Kimball, and Beth Leech with the support of National Science Foundation grant numbers SBR 0111224 and 9905195. Neither NSF nor the original collectors of the data bear any responsibility for the analysis reported here.
Finally, I would like to give my special thanks to over a hundred government bureaucrats, legislative staff of National Assembly members, and interest group representatives in Korea who contributed valuable data to this book. Following official interviews, I shared my plan of publishing a book on the Korean policy process in my informal conversations with my interviewees. Some of the interviewees responded very positively to my remarks, saying that they really wanted to read the book when it was done. Quite honestly, though, I do not think they decided to share their valuable time and ideas just because they were personally interested in becoming part of a published book. Instead, I believe most of my respondents met with me s