China's Global Strategy

Jenny Clegg

Description

This book takes a look at China's position a range of global issues, arguing that its multipolar diplomacy offers a strategy to constrain US hegemony.



Many people assume that China will follow an imperialistic strategy and stand in direct conflict with the American empire. However, China is in fact taking a multilateral approach, offering real assistance to developing countries and helping to build the institutions required to run a multipolar world.



Whist acknowledging China's own internal difficulties, the book argues that its international consensus-building could lead to a more peaceful and equitable world.
Acknowledgements

1. A World Turning Upside Down

Part 1: The Unipolar-Multipolar Dynamics

2. US-China relations in the global dynamics

3. Historical Perspectives on Multipolarisation

4. Manoeuvring towards Multipolarity

5. Globalisation, Imperialism and Multipolarisation

6. Promoting Multipolarisation: Regional Organisation In Asia

Part 2: China's Development Trajectory

7. Maintaining Self Reliance in an Interdependent World

8. Development with Chinese Characteristics

Part 3: An International Trial of Strength

9. Towards a New International Political Order

10. Towards a new international economic order

11. A Game of Go

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Tables

Notes

Index

Sujets

• International Relations
• Political Science
• China

Informations

• Publié par: Pluto Press
• Date de parution: 20 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783718245
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

CHINA’S GLOBAL STRATEGY
China’s Global Strategy
Towards a Multipolar World
Jenny Clegg
First published 2009 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
Distributed in the United States of America exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
www.plutobooks.com
Copyright © Jenny Clegg 2009
The right of Jenny Clegg to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN   978 0 7453 2519 4   Hardback ISBN   978 0 7453 2518 7   Paperback ISBN   978 1 8496 4308 5   PDF eBook ISBN   978 1 7837 1824 5   EPUB eBook ISBN   978 1 7837 1825 2   Kindle eBook
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin. The paper may contain up to 70 per cent post-consumer waste.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Curran Publishing Services, Norwich
Printed and bound in the European Union by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms INTRODUCTION
  1     
  A world turning upside down Another world is happening China threat or US threat? A new view from the Left Endless war?
  PART 1: THE UNIPOLAR–MULTIPOLAR DYNAMICS
  2
  US–China relations in the global dynamics US global military strategy for a unipolar world US strategy as China encirclement China’s multipolar diplomacy starts to unfold China and the United States: historical background Preparing for war with China? Conclusion
  3
  Historical perspectives on multipolarisation The roots of multipolarisation Biopolarity and multipolarity: opportunities lost and gained The evolution of China’s strategic outlook Conclusion
  4
  Manoeuvring towards multipolarity Assessing the post-Cold War order: the unipolar–multipolar balance The cooperative security approach Building partnerships with major powers Towards a new polarity? Conclusion
  5
  Globalisation, imperialism and multipolarisation Western debates on globalisation and imperialism Chinese strategists analyse globalisation The aspects of multipolarity China’s multipolar strategy: Leninism for the twenty-first century
  6
  Promoting multipolarisation: regional organisation in Asia The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation The six-party talks on Korean denuclearisation China and South-East Asia: a new economic regionalisation Conclusion
  PART 2: CHINA’S DEVELOPMENT TRAJECTORY
  7
  Maintaining self-reliance in an interdependent world Self-reliance: the early stages – from Mao to Deng Economic reform for interdependence: diversifying the socialist economy The challenge from foreign monopoly capital Taking on the challenge: competition, regulation, globalising, innovation Conclusion
  8
  Development with Chinese characteristics The costs of rapid growth Towards balanced development The changing political landscape China’s approach to democratisation Conclusion
  PART 3: AN INTERNATIONAL TRIAL OF STRENGTH
  9
  Towards a new international political order The new multilateral international order China and the United Nations Maintaining defence: promoting nuclear disarmament Conclusion
  10
  Towards a new international economic order The question of the Sino-US trade imbalance The United States and China: mutual hostages? Managing the renminbi China versus the US investment bankers Reforming the global economic architecture Western dominance under challenge Towards a fair globalisation Conclusion
  CONCLUSION
  11
  An international new democracy in the making A game of Go China as a nascent imperialist power? Towards a global progressive democratic alliance Looking to the future
  Notes Index
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book originated in discussions with Keith Bennett. Whilst I take full responsibility for what follows, I am indebted to him for his contributions in many different ways to the project. Most particularly, I would like to mention the political acuity of his advice on some of the more controversial matters.
I am very grateful to my brother, Peter Clegg, for his diligent assistance, which was a great help in the final stages of the writing process.
I also benefited from the advice of Jun Li on Chapters 6 and 9 , and from Ian Cook on Chapter 7 , and I would also like to thank them for this.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ABM anti-ballistic missile ACFTA ASEAN-China Free Trade Area ACFTU All-China Federation of Trade Unions AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations ASEAN+1 ASEAN plus China ASEAN+3 ASEAN plus, China, South Korea and Japan ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CNOOC China National Offshore Oil Corporation COE collectively owned enterprise CNP comprehensive national power CPC Communist Party of China CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea DWSR Dollar Wall Street Regime EU European Union FDI foreign direct investment FIE foreign invested enterprise FMCT Fissile Materials Cut-Off Treaty FTA free trade agreement FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas G-7 Group of 7 G-8 Group of 8 G-77 Group of 77 GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs GDP gross domestic product IAEA International Atomic Energy Authority ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile IMF International Monetary Fund IPR intellectual property rights KMT Kuomintang MD missile defence MFA Multi-Fibre Agreement MNC multinational corporation MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NGO nongovernment organisation NIEO New International Economic Order NIPEO new international political and economic order NPC National People’s Congress NPL non-performing loan NPT Non-Proliferation Treaty NSC New Security Concept NSS National Security Strategy NWFZ nuclear weapons-free zone OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PAROS Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space PLA People’s Liberation Army PNAC Project for a New American Century PRC People’s Republic of China PSI Proliferation Security Initiative QDR Quadrennial Defense Review R&D research and development RMB renminbi SAARC South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation SAIC Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SOB state-owned bank SOE state-owned enterprise TNC transnational corporation TRIPS Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights TVE township or village enterprise UN United Nations UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development UNSC United Nations Security Council WMD weapons of mass destruction WTO World Trade Organization
INTRODUCTION
1  
A WORLD TURNING UPSIDE DOWN
China is emerging as a powerful player on the world stage and the contours of another world are taking shape. The neocon vision of a unipolar world dominated by the United States as the sole superpower is starting to give way as China’s rise signals the emergence of a new kind of multipolar international order with a more democratic determination of world affairs.
China, it seems, is coming out of nowhere. Just five years ago, George W. Bush launched into the war on Iraq in a bid for US supremacy which was, as Arrighi has observed, the most ambitious project of world rule ever conceived. 1 At the time China was widely portrayed as verging on collapse, its corrupt one-Party state a hollow sham, at odds with a capitalist economy being driven to bankruptcy by the endless pumping of funds into the dying dinosaurs of its state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
Instead, China has kept growing from strength to strength, following its own plans to quadruple its GDP between 2000 and 2020, lifting millions of people out of poverty. Today, with the United States unable to win the wars it so disastrously started and its economy riddled with bad debt, dragging the rest of the world towards recession, many are increasingly looking to China’s development as a source of global economic stability.
China’s international influence is growing rapidly and everyone knows that it is becoming a major international power. But what kind of a power will China be? What kind of a role will it play in shaping the world? A look back over the developments of recent years can start to provide an answer.
ANOTHER WORLD IS HAPPENING
Broadly, the anti-war movement has viewed Bush’s war on Iraq as about the control of the global oil spigot. This was true, but it was also always about much more than this. For the neocons, the war was to be a first move in a long-term strategy. Some commentators realised this: for example, Dan Plesch, when in 2002 he raised the prospect, ‘Iraq, Iran, and China next’. 2
The real significance of the decision to go to war on Iraq lay in the way the United States openly flouted the United Nations. Bush’s unilateralist preemptive strike doctrine went further than any previous US interventionism in that it overtly challenged the basic principles of the UN Charter and international law. What Bush understood was firstly that, in order to preserve US dominance, it was necessary not only to defend, but to extend, the US model of ‘freedom, democracy and free enterprise’, and secondly that this in turn necessitated overturning the whole global consensus on non-intervention enshrined by the United Nations. The US strategy to prevent the rise of any potential challenger was to be set as the new international norm in order to pursue a ‘one size f