Grand Strategy and the Rise of China

Zeno Leoni

Description

During four decades of fast-paced economic growth, China’s ascent has reverberated across the full social spectrum, from international relations to technology, from trade to global health, from academia to climate change. Despite disrupting the long-established cultural and political constructs of the postwar liberal international order, Beijing’s power remains uneven and limited internationally, whereas the rise of China has been the object of much frenzied reaction within Western civil society. The hostility and new cold war with the United States is a major factor in fuelling debate and speculation.

This book explores the uncertainties and dilemmas China’s rise has fuelled for both the US-sponsored liberal order and the Chinese communist elites that are responsible. It provides the tools to understand the contemporary political and media turmoil about China, its causes and its trajectories. It interprets the rise of China through the lenses of global politics and the uneven and combined development of capitalism and its encounter with the authoritarian, one-party system of the Chinese polity.

Introduction

1. China’s rise and state capitalism: an uneven world order

2. "Best of friends, worst enemies": China’s rise and the "blowback" of American grand strategy

3. Successes and limits of China’s engagement with the world economy

4. The dilemmas of China’s engagement with the world

5. Sino-western relations in the post-Trump era

Conclusion

Sujets

• Arms Control
• International Relations
• Political Science
• Diplomacy
• Geopolitics
• General officer
• Politics
• Xi Jinping
• General
• Diplomatie (homonymie)
• Henry Kissinger

Informations

• Publié par: Agenda Publishing
• Date de parution: 25 avril 2023
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781788216036
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Business with China

Serîes Edîtor: Kerry Brown

he tîtes în tîs serîes expore te compex reatîonsîp between Cînese socîety and Cîna’s goba economîc roe. Exporîng a wîde range o îssues te serîes caenges te vîew o a country encosed în on îtse, and sows ow te decîsîons made by Cînese consumers, te economîc and poîtîca coîces made by îts government, and te Isca poîcîes oowed by îts bankers are împactîng on te rest o te word.

Published

Bet and Road: he Fîrst Decade ïgor Rogeja and Konstantînos Tsîmonîs

Cîna’s Hong Kong: he Poîtîcs o a Goba Cîty Tîm Summers

Grand Strategy and te Rîse o Cîna: Made în Amerîca Zeno eonî

he Future o UK–Cîna Reatîons: he Searc or a New Mode Kerry Brown

GRAND STRATEGY AND THE RISE OF CHINA

Made in America

Zeno eonî

To eary-career researcers. May tey wrîte about wat tey want as opposed to wat tey must.

© Zeno eonî 2023

hîs book îs copyrîgt under te Berne Conventîon. No reproductîon wîtout permîssîon. A rîgts reserved.

Fîrst pubîsed în 2023 by Agenda Pubîsîng

Agenda Pubîsîng îmîted PO Box 185 Newcaste upon Tyne NE20 2DH www.agendapub.com

ïSBN 978-1-78821-601-2 (ardcover) ïSBN 978-1-78821-602-9 (paperback)

British Library CataloguinginPublication Data A cataogue record or tîs book îs avaîabe rom te Brîtîs îbrary

Typeset by JS Typesettîng td, Portcaw, Mîd Gamorgan Prînted and bound în te UK by 4edge

Contents

Preace and acknowedgements  ïntroductîon 1. Cîna’s rîse and state capîtaîsm: an uneven word order 2. “Best rîends, worst enemîes”: Cîna’s rîse and te bowback  o Amerîcan grand strategy

3. Successes and îmîts o Cîna’s engagement wît te word  economy 4. he dîemmas o Cîna’s engagement wît te word 5. Sîno-western reatîons în te post-Trump era  Concusîon Reerences Index

vîî 1 11

29

47 65 83 99 105 119

v

Preface and acknowledgements

Cîna îs a uge country, wît a very ong îstory, and an încreasîngy goba înLuence. he împîcatîons o îts domestîc and oreîgn poîcîes are ar-reacîng. Trackîng everytîng Cîna îs or does îs a mammot task and most observers tend to do so by ocusîng on a specîIc researc area or a specîIc ange. ï am not dîferent în tîs regard. he perspectîve ï ave used to ook at Cîna oows my proessîona story o te ast ew years. ït îs based on an underyîng caîm, wîc mîgt we be te most împortant statement în tîs book: ît îs not pos- sîbe, ï argue, to study modern and contemporary Cîna în îsoatîon rom îts reatîonsîp wît te West. hîs îs because Cîna’s strugges and successes over te ast two centurîes are cosey înked to western poîcy towards Cîna – at te same tîme, te rîse o a western-ed goba economy, and te end o te Cod War mîgt not ave been possîbe wîtout Cîna. Studyîng Cîna troug te enses o îts reatîonsîp wît te West means approacîng tîs subject wît a pragmatîc – stra- tegîc – ogîc, rater tan or te sake o knowîng more about Cîna. hîs îs te perspectîve tat ï ave deveoped over te ast our years and tat as înormed tîs book. From an academîc poînt o vîew, my înterest în Cîna began wît my PD at te Department o European and ïnternatîona Studîes, Kîng’s Coege ondon were ï competed my tesîs on US–Cîna reatîons. More specîIcay, my objectîve was to anayse te oreîgn poîcy o te Obama admînîstratîon towards Cîna, appyîng a Marxîst teory o împerîaîsm, wîc învoved ook- îng at Amerîcan grand strategy rom a crîtîca perspectîve. Between 2017 and 2018, between te Ina stage o my PD and my Irst year o a u-tîme job, ï reaîzed ï wanted to ocus more on te Cînese perspec- tîve o te reatîonsîp. Fîrst, wen studyîng te ogîc o te Wasîngton

vîî

Grand Strategy and te Rîse o Cîna

Consensus, ï reaîzed tat ï needed a better apprecîatîon o wat was beînd Amerîcan dîsappoîntment towards Cîna. ï ound an answer to tîs questîon, eventuay, by exporîng în dept te symbîotîc – natîona- îstîc – reatîonsîp tat exîsts în te PRC between te state and socîety, în partîcuar between te state and te strategîc îndustrîes. Second, wen ï took my Irst u-tîme job în te Deence Studîes Department at Kîng’s, ï reaîzed tat Cîna as an area o study was not, beyond te obvîous narrow cîrces, as popuar as ît deserved to be. ï reca te words o a report pubîsed by te tînk tank Mountbatten Socîety, wîc as ate as eary wînter 2018 argued tat te average Brîtîs mîî- tary cîe îs “Cîna-bînd”. hereore, tanks aso to te vauabe advîce o my coeague Dr Warren Cîn, ï decîded to take te opportunîty to teac a Cîna-ocused modue to coones and generas o te Hîger Command and Staf Course, a Fîve Eyes-ocused career-deveopment course deîvered at te Deence Academy o te Unîted Kîngdom. Sînce ten, ï ave gone on to deveop modues and teacîng materîa or a serîes o oter courses across te Deence Studîes Department. ïn rea- îty, tîs ack o înterest în Cîna was not just te mîîtary’s aut. ït was a UK- and West-wîde probem, and one o te împîcatîons o a so-caed “strategîc pause” în te post-Cod War years. he West was curîous about Cîna ony în so ar as ît provîded a proItabe market. hen sud- deny înterest în Cîna expoded towards te ate 2010s, wîc provîded a tîrd reason or me to ocus on Cîna. he demand or Cîna-ocused knowedge was îke an avaance. Suddeny, we needed to deconstruct te Cîna enîgma and expaîn ît to cîtîzens and voters, across Brîtîs and ïtaîan medîa outets. At tîmes, tîs ed to engagement wît mîî- tary înstîtutîons and poîcy-makers across dîferent brances o te UK government, as we as te governments o ïtay, Canada, ïndonesîa and îtuanîa. Aong tîs journey, wîc as et îke competîng a second PD degree, ï ave met ascînatîng peope în unexpected ways wît wom ï ave ad rîendy excanges o opînîons, rom a government oicîa workîng on natîona securîty and Cîna, to a Cînese deence attacé în ondon, and rom a ormer Brîtîs consu genera în Hong Kong to a board member o te European Unîon camber o commerce în Senzen, among many oters. Eventuay, tese events ed me to a joînt appoîntment between te Deence Studîes Department o Kîng’s Coege

vîîî

Preace and acknowedgements

ondon based wîtîn te Deence Academy o te UK and te au Cîna ïnstîtute – aso at Kîng’s Coege ondon. hîs posîtîon sared between an înstîtutîon tecnîcay întegrated wîtîn te securîty substructures o te US-ed spere o înLuence, and a department wose core busîness îs to understand and open te Cîna box to te word – not necessarîy to justîy wat Cîna does – accuratey reLects my researc înterests and expertîse. hîs as ed me to study Sîno-western reatîons în – opeuy – an unbîased asîon, tryîng to acknowedge te pros and cons o bot words. here seems to be, owever, sometîng absurd about caîmîng to aca- demîcay span bot words today. Cîna and te West – especîay te US – ave încreasîngy been dîssatîsIed wît te post-Second Word War îbera order. ïn recent years tey ave consîdered te possîbîîty o decoupîng rom one anoter, and te Covîd-19 pandemîc and te war în Ukraîne ave gîven bot camps more toos and reasons to pursue suc an objectîve. he word order mîgt be on te verge o an ïron Curtaîn 2.0 tat wî be a more Ine-graîned dîvîde tan tat seen durîng te Cod War. Wîe ï ave been arguîng tat înterdependence between Cîna and te West as become a source o tensîon and ess înterdependence mîgt brîng some stabîîty, no doubt tîs process wî be costy and paîn- u or ordînary cîtîzens. ï ope tîs book wî ep readers to make sense o ow Cîna and te West arrîved were tey are and provîde te con- ceptua toos or îmagînîng were te reatîonsîp îs eadîng. Wrîtîng a book îs a oney endeavour, yet one meets severa peope aong te way. To begîn wît, tîs book was conceîved tanks to my rîendsîp wît Dr Hanna Breterton wo was împact and engagement manager at te au Cîna ïnstîtute. Not ony was se a great support and eped me to connect wît coeagues and events at te au – were ï was an aiîate – but se aso suggested to te pubîser o tîs book tat ï mîgt ofer a vauabe contrîbutîon to te debate on Cîna. By te tîme ï started te process to ormay joîn te au Cîna ïnstîtute în ate summer 2022, se ad et or a prestîgîous job as ead o pubîc dîpomacy at te Austraîan Hîg Commîssîon – uckîy, just next door. ï wîs er a te best. Goîng back to eary 2018, specîa tanks go to Dr Warren Cîn, my coeague at te Deence Studîes Department. As ead o educatîon, e aowed me to deveop my Irst course on Cîna. Teacîng îg-rankîng

îx

Grand Strategy and te Rîse o Cîna

mîîtary students rom te UK and te rest o te word as been înspîr- îng and ît as provîded me wît a cance to gauge ow dîferent coun- trîes see Cîna. As crucîa to te deveopment o my vîews on Cîna and te word ave been a tose academîc organîzatîons, medîa out- ets, coeagues and journaîsts tat ave gîven me te opportunîty o expressîng, and by doîng so, sapîng and enrîcîng my vîews aong te way. he îst îs too ong to be unpacked ere, and ît stretces rom ïtay to te UK, rom contînenta Europe to te Mîdde East, rom ïndîa to Cîna. Fînay, ï am grateu to tose wo ave ad a dîrect împact on tîs book and wo made ît possîbe. Steanîe Borkum, my proessîona prooreader, as patîenty corrected tîs drat and îts revîsed versîon, not to mentîon severa oter works o mîne în recent years, rom my Irst manuscrîpt to many oter sort pubîcatîons. ï tese works are în Luent Engîs, ît îs tanks to er. Proessor Kerry Brown eads tîs serîes or Agenda Pubîsîng. He as been sympatetîc to tîs project sînce te begînnîng. Aîson Howson, my edîtor at Agenda, as aways been very supportîve, rom epîng me ande caengîng comments o peer revîewers to readîng and edîtîng te drat o tîs book. A remaînîng errors are my own.

x