Leaving So Many Behind

Godfrey Kanyenze

Description

In this accessible and authoritative book, Godfrey Kanyenze provides a comprehensive and far-reaching analysis of the socio-economic development in Zimbabwe in light of the expanding authoritarianism and the ongoing destruction of democratic institutions during the four decades after independence. Kanyenze describes the various phases of the socio-economic development starting with 1980 when the people of Zimbabwe saw their hard-won independence and new democracy as a promise for a "better life for all". Kanyenze highlights how by dismantling all barriers of economic and legal restraint, and that despite being necessary, The land reform programme put the political and financial interests of the elite before those of the people which continues to this day.

Kanyenze reveals the governmental attacks on civil society, and notes how economic policy was not even part of an "authoritarian bargain", an implicit arrangement between ruling elites and citizens whereby citizens relinquish political freedom in exchange for public goods. And he concludes this analysis with a current update of Zimbabwe today, where citizens have nothing -neither political freedom nor public goods.

This impressive and gripping account of an authoritarian capitalist system and a country in decline is a must-read for students, researchers, policymakers and those who want to better understand how politics and the economy, interests, conflicts, and power work together.

1.   Introduction, Methodology and Structure

2.   The First Decade of Independence, 1980-90

3.   The Period of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme: 1991-1996

4.   The Crisis Period, The Lost Decade of Development, 1997-2008

5.   Period of the Government of National Unity, 2009-June 2013

6.   Post-GNU Period under Robert Mugabe (August 2013-November 2017)

7.   The Post-Mugabe Period, November 2017 to December 2020

8.   Synopsis, Synthesis, Factors Underlying the Persistent Crises and the Way Forward

Sujets

• Political Economy
• Political Science
• African
• African people
• Development studies
• Economy of Zimbabwe
• Social sciences
• World

Informations

• Publié par: Weaver Press
• Date de parution: 31 mars 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781779224071
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Zimbabwe Leaving So Many Behind
Zimbabwe Leaving So Many Behind:
The Link Between Politics and the Economy
Godfrey Kanyenze
Published by The Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Harare. 2021 with Weaver Press, Box A1922, Avondale, Harare. 2021 < www.weaverpresszimbabwe.com >
© Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Godfrey Kanyenze, 2021
Cover by Danes Design, Zimbabwe Typeset by Weaver Press Index by R. Sephton
All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise – without the express written permission of the publishers.
ISBN: 978-1-77922-406-4 9 (p/b) ISBN: 978-1-77922-407-1 (ePub) ISBN: 978-1-77922-408-8 (PDF)
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
List of Acronyms
About the Author
Acknowledgements
Foreword by Dr Ulrich Golaszinski
1. Introduction, Methodology and Structure
2. The First Decade of Independence, 1980-90
3. The Period of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme: 1991-1996
4. The Crisis Period, The Lost Decade of Development, 1997-2008
5. Period of the Government of National Unity, 2009-June 2013
6. Post-GNU Period under Robert Mugabe (August 2013-November 2017)
7. The Post-Mugabe Period, November 2017 to December 2020
8. Synopsis, Synthesis, Factors Underlying the Persistent Crises and the Way Forward
Index
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Distribution of Land According to Natural Regions (%) Table 2.2: The Distribution of Income by Race (%)
Table 2.3: Structure of GDP and Employment by Sector for Selected Years
Table 2.4: Economic Policy Plans adopted during the Period 1980-90
Table 2.5: Trends in Major Economic Indicators, 1980-90
Table 2.6: Minimum Wages, Private Domestic and Agriculture; and Commerce and Industry, 1980-90
Table 2.7: Percentage Difference Between Actual and Predicted Average Annual Earnings, 1980-90
Table 3.1: Planned (P) and Actual Lending (A), FY91-01 (US$ million)
Table 3.2: Zimbabwe – World Bank Commitments by Sector, FY80-00 (US$ million)
Table 3.3: Zimbabwe – World Bank Commitments by Sector, FY80-00 (US$ million)
Table 3.4: Trends in Key Economic Indicators, 1991-96
Table 5.1 The Performance of the Economy through Key Macroeconomic Indicators
Table 6.1: Budget Deficit and Borrowing Requirements
Table 6.2 Breakdown of Domestic Credit, 2009-18 (%)
Table 6.3: Global Competitiveness, Ease of Doing Business, Economic Freedom and Corruption Perception Rankings, 2007/08–2019/20
Table 6.4: FDI Inflows, Selected SADC Countries, 2013-2018 (US$ million)
Table 6.5: Household and Individual Measured Prevalence of Poverty – 1995, 2001, 2011 and 2017 (%)
Table 6.6: Zimbabwe’s HDI Trends, 1990-2019
Table 6.7: Percentage of Population Living in Households with Consumption or Income per Person below the Poverty Line (2011 PPP, US$1.90 per day poverty line)
Table 8.1: Integrated policy responses to informality
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 The Inherited Dual and Enclave Economic Structure.
Figure 2.2: Real GDP Growth, Zimbabwe, SSA and World, 1975-2019 (%)
Figure 2.3: Zimbabwe Human Development Index 1980-2019
Figure 5.1: Real GDP Trend (%), 2000-2020
Figure 5.2: Sectoral Share to total Exports (%)
Figure 6.1: Breakdown of Domestic Credit
Figure 6.2: Rankings on Doing Business Dimensions – Zimbabwe, 2018/19 and 2019/20
Figure 6.3: Global Competitiveness Index Rankings, Zimbabwe (out of 141 countries)
Figure 6.4: FDI Flows to Zimbabwe, 1980-2019 (US$m)
Figure 8.1: Schematic illustration of sectoral linkages that can drive re-industrialisation
Figure 8.2: Enhancing the Quality of Jobs Through Structural Transformation
Figure 8.3: Decent work strategies for the informal economy
List of Acronyms
AAA
Analytical and Advisory Activities
ACCORD
African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
AFC
Agricultural Finance Corporation
AfDB
African Development Bank
AFTRADES
Afreximbank Trade Debt-backed Securities
AIPPA
Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Bill
ALMPs
Active Labour Market Policies
ANC
African National Congress
ANSA
Alternatives to NeoLiberalism in Southern Africa
APA
Alliance for People’s Agenda
ATUC
African Trade Union Congress
AU
African Union
AUC
African Union Commission
BAZ
Build Alliance Zimbabwe
BBC
British Broadcasting Corporation
BIPPAs
Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion Agreements
CAE
Country Assistance Evaluation
CAS
Country Assistance Strategy
CBA
Collective Bargaining Agreement
CCJPZ
Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe
CEDSA
Centre for Elections and Democracy in Southern Africa
CFU
Commercial Farmers Union
CG
Consultative Group
CGD
Centre for Global Development
CIO
Central Intelligence Organisation
CMB
Cotton Marketing Board
CNN
Cable News Network
CODESA
Convention for a Democratic South Africa
CODESRIA
Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa
COPAC
Constitution Parliamentary Select Committee
CPIA
Centre for Peace Initiatives in Africa ‘
CPIA
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment
CSC
Civil Service Commission
CSO
Central Statistical Office
CSOs
Civil Society Organisations
CZI
Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries
DMB
Dairy Marketing Board
DSSI
Debt Service Suspension Initiative
DZL
Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited
EDF
European Development Fund
EIIPs
Employment-intensive Investment Programmes
EIU
Economist Intelligence Unit
EMCOZ
Employers Confederation of Zimbabwe
EOM
Election Observation Mission
ERS
Export Retention Scheme
ESAF
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
ESAP
Economic Structural Adjustment Programme
ESC
Electoral Supervisory Commission
ESF
Export Support Facility
EU
European Union
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organisation
FCA
Foreign Currency Account
FCDAs
Foreign currency-denominated accounts
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
FES
Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung
FPL
Food Poverty Line
FTLRP
Fast Track Land Reform Programme
GAPWUZ
General Agricultural and Plantation Workers Union of Zimbabwe
GDI
Gender Development Index
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GFCF
Gross Fixed Capital Formation
GII
Gender Inequality Index
GMB
Grain Marketing Board
GNI
Gross National Income
GNU
Government of National Unity
GPA
Global Political Agreement
HDI
Human Development Index
HIPC
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries’ Initiative
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HLF
High Level Forum
HRV
Human Rights Violations
ICES
Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey
ICT
Information and Communication Technologies
IDA
International Development Association
IDASA
Institute for the Democratic Alternative for South Africa
IDAZIM
Institute for a Democratic Alternative
IDBZ
Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe
IDMC
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDPs
Internally Displaced Persons
IFIs
International Financial Institutions
ILO
International Labour Organisation
IMF
International Monetary Fund
IMTT
Intermediated Money Transfer Tax
IPC
International Poverty Centre
I-PRSP
Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy
IPVC
Inclusive Poultry Value Chain
IRIN
Integrated Regional Information Networks
ITF
International Transport Workers’ Federation
JAG
Justice for Agriculture
JNC
Joint Negotiating Council
JOMIC
Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee
LEDRIZ
Labour and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe
LMI
Labour Market Information
LOMA
Law and Order Maintenance Act
LRF
Legal Resource Foundation
LSCS
Large-Scale Commercial Sector
MDC
Movement for Democratic Change
MDC-M
Movement for Democratic Change-Mutambara
MDC-N
Movement for Democratic Change-Ncube
MDC-T
Movement for Democratic Change-Tsvangirai
MEFMI
Macroeconomic and Financial Management Institute of Eastern and Southern Africa
MERP
Millennium Economic Recovery Programme
MIS
Management Information System
MISA
Media Institute of Southern Africa
MMPZ
Media Monitoring project Zimbabwe
MoHTE
Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education
MTP
Medium Term Plan
NATUC
National African Trade Union Congress
NCA
National Constitutional Assembly
NDS
National Development Strategy
NEC
National Executive Committee
NECF
National Economic Consultative Forum
NEDLAC
National Economic Development and Labour Council
NEDPP
National Economic Development Priority Programme
NERP
National Economic Revival Programme
NFAZ
National Farmers’ Association of Zimbabwe
NGO
Non-Governmental Organisation
NIPC
National Incomes and Pricing Commission
NOCZIM
National Oil Company of Zimbabwe
OAU
Organisation of African Unity
OGIL
Open General Import Licence
ORAP
Organisation of Rural Associations for Progress
PAC
Presidential Advisory Council
PAZ
Privatisation Agency of Zimbabwe
PCR
Project Completion Report
PDL
Poverty Datum Line
PDP
People’s Democratic Party
PEA
Political Economy Analysis
PER
Public Expenditure Review
PICES
Poverty, Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey
PoLAD
Political Actors Dialogue
POSA
Public Order and Security Act
PPER
Project Performance Evaluation Report
PPP
Purchasing Power Parity
PPPs
Public Private Partnerships
PRF
Poverty Reduction Forum
PRGF
Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility
PRSPs
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
PSA
Public Service Association
PSC
Public Service Commission
PTA
Preferential Trading Area
R & R
Reparation and Rehabilitation
RAU
Research and Advocacy Unit
RBZ
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
RDZ
Renewal Democrats of Zimbabwe
RNFU
Rhodesian National Farmers Union
RTGS
Real-Time Gross Settlement
SA
South Africa
SAC
Structural Adjustment Credit
SADC
Southern African Development Community
SADCC
Southern African Development Co-operation Conference
SALs
Structural Adjustment Loans
SANDF
South African National Defence Force
SAPRI