Mediating Globalization

Andrew P. Cortell

Description

Has globalization fundamentally altered international relations, producing a race to the bottom in which states compete for economic growth and development by adopting similar liberal economic strategies? Mediating Globalization challenges this increasingly dominant perspective, demonstrating that national governments often respond to global competitive pressures with more, not less, economic intervention. Using interviews, archival research, and secondary sources, Andrew P. Cortell explores the strategies adopted by the United States and Britain with regard to one of the world's most globalized sectors, the semiconductor industry. From the early 1970s through the mid-1990s, he argues, increasing globalization pressures in each country led them to more actively intervene in the evolution of their semiconductor markets, rather than assume a more marginal role. The empirical evidence, moreover, indicates that the two countries adopted similar responses, whether liberal or interventionist, as a consequence of similar domestic institutional incentives rather than constraints identified to emerge from globalization.

List of Tables

Preface

Part I The Argument
1. Globalization and Convergence? The Domestic Impact of Globalization
2. Globalization, Domestic Institutions, and Industrial Strategies

Part II The United States
3. Liberal Convergence: The Carter and First Reagan Administrations
4. Industrial Policy Without Limits? Reagan’s Second Term
5. Intervention and Institutional Change: The 1990s

Part III Britain
6. Emerging Globalization and Intervention: 1970–1980
7. Intervention, Disengagement, and State Transformation: The Conservatives’ Turn

Part IV Conclusion
8. Globalization and Domestic Institutions: Conclusions

Notes
Bibliography
Index
SUNY series in Global Politics

Sujets

• International relations
• Political economy
• Central
• National

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 01 février 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780791483305
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Mediating Globalization

SUNY series in Global Politics James N. Rosenau, editor

A complete listing of books in this series can be found at the end of this volume.

Mediating Globalization



Domestic Institutions and Industrial Policies in the United States and Britain

Andrew P. Cortell

State University of New York Press

Published by State University of New York Press, Albany

© 2006 State University of New York

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

For information, address State University of New York Press, 194 Washington Avenue, Suite 305, Albany, NY 122102384

Production by Diane Ganeles Marketing by Susan Petrie

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Cortell, Andrew P., 1964– Mediating globalization: domestic institutions and industrial policies in the United States and Britain / Andrew P. Cortell. p. cm. — (SUNY series in global politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0791464415 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. International economic relations. 2. Globalization. 3. United States—Economic policy. 4. Great Britain—Economic policy. 5. Industrial policy—United States. 6. Industrial policy—Great Britain. I. Title. II. Series.

HF1359.C7 2005 337.73—dc22

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2004016216

List of Tables Preface

Contents

Part One The Argument Chapter 1 Globalization and Convergence? The Domestic Impact of Globalization Chapter 2 Globalization, Domestic Institutions, and Industrial Strategies

Part Two The United States Chapter 3 Liberal Convergence: The Carter and First Reagan Administrations Chapter 4 Industrial Policy Without Limits? Reagan’s Second Term Chapter 5 Intervention and Institutional Change: The 1990s

V

vii ix

3

2

4

1

5

6

8

3

7

VI

C ONTENTS

Part Three Britain Chapter 6 Emerging Globalization and Intervention: 1970–1980 Chapter 7 Intervention, Disengagement, and State Transformation: The Conservatives’ Turn

Part Four Conclusion Chapter 8 Globalization and Domestic Institutions: Conclusions Notes Bibliography Index SUNY series in Global Politics

113

139

169 197 209 233 245

2.1. 3.1. 4.1. 5.1. 6.1. 7.1. 8.1. 8.2.

Tables

Six Institutional Contexts Policy Episodes, Institutional Contexts, and Policy Choices Policy Episodes, Institutional Contexts, and Policy Choices Policy Episodes, Institutional Contexts, and Policy Choices Policy Episodes, Institutional Contexts, and Policy Choices Policy Episodes, Institutional Contexts, and Policy Choices Findings: U.S. Cases Findings: British Cases

VII

31 46 64 88 114 140 176 177

Preface

There is no question in many observers’ minds that the international system is characterized by globalization and that globalization somehow matters. For some, globalization spells the end of the nationstate and an irreversible shift in the balance of power to markets and market agents. For others, the shift is not so clear. It is to this debate that I have been drawn, for it concerns the central agent and organizational form in international relations, the state. This book does not question the notion that globalization processes characterize the international economy or that globalization has created new challenges for states. In fact, the book takes as its starting point that global ization poses challenges for states. The book’s goal instead is to show that the state or, in particular, its institutional structures, continues to have mean ing for understanding the nature of international relations regardless of whether some states seem overrun by the market. I seek to understand how domestic institutions mediate globalization and, by doing so, lead states to engage globalization in differing ways and with differing degrees of success. This book combines several of my academic interests. Globaliza tion, high technology competition, and the advanced industrial countries have been at the forefront of my research and teaching interests since en tering the profession. At the same time, I have been drawn to exploring the nature and impact of domestic institutions since reading Peter Katzen stein’s conclusion toBetween Power and Plentyin one of my first gradu ate school courses. As a consequence, conceptualizing, researching, and writing this book have occupied much of my time over several years. In the process I have incurred a number of significant debts. My dissertation

IX

X

P REFACE

advisors at Columbia University, Helen Milner and David Baldwin, spent much time helping me to think through the international political econ omy literature and my understanding of institutions. Several friends and colleagues commented on portions of earlier versions of the manuscript: David Baldwin, Jeff Checkel, James Davis, Helen Milner, Sue Peterson, and Steve Solnick. I thank the anonymous reviewers for SUNY Press for their extremely insightful and constructive comments. The production staff at SUNY Press, led by Diane Ganeles and Kelli Williams, helped to turn the manuscript into a book. In addition, I have been afforded a rare opportunity over the last four years at Lewis & Clark College: the capac ity to have excellent research assistance from gifted and motivated under graduate students, including JoeRyan Bergoch, Aaron Forbort, Tristan Nuñez, Tanya Sloan, and Odessa Weber. JoeRyan, in particular, pro vided valuable research assistance for chapters 5 and 7. I am grateful to Lewis & Clark College, particularly the dean of the college and dean of the social sciences, for providing these students with financial support. An earlier version of portions of chapter 2 and 7 appeared inPolity 30, no. 1 (1997). I gratefully acknowledge M. J. Peterson, who, as the editor of that journal, provided numerous constructive editorial sugges tions. An earlier version of sections of chapter 2, 3, and 4 appeared in Governance10, no. 3 (1997) and sections of chapter 4 inInternational Studies Quarterly40, no. 4 (1996). Portions of chapter 7 appear inCom parative Political Studies34, no. 7 © 2001 Sage Publications. Throughout the writing process, I have been fortunate to have had much support and encouragement. Gordon Silverstein provided invalu able guidance on numerous issues and was always a call or email away when I needed to talk. Robert Eisinger was consistently enthusiastic and insightful. Sue Peterson not only read and commented on the penultimate version of the manuscript, but also willingly reread my attempts to ad dress her comments. I thank her for her willingness to read my work, es pecially as its completion has slowed work on our other projects. Our collaborations on institutional change continue to inform my thinking of that subject in this book. My parents triggered and cultivated my acade mic interests, and have monitored my progress on this project with much interest. My wife, Lois, a constant support, has been an especially won derful and insightful companion throughout the book project.