Oregon Politics and Government

C.J. Swanepoel (UNISA) 4912 2002 Apr 24 15:43:19

Description

The political culture of Oregon has long had a reputation for innovative policy, maverick politicians, and independent political thought, but instead of using the term “progressive” to describe the state’s political leanings, the editors of Oregon Politics and Government believe a more accurate descriptor would be “schizophrenic.” Oregon Politics and Government provides not only an overview of the state’s politics and government; it also explains how the divide between progressives and conservative populists defines Oregon politics today.

 

Early in the state’s history, reformers championed many causes: the initiative and referendum process for setting public policy, the recall of public officials, the direct election of U.S. senators, and women’s suffrage. Since then, the state has asserted control over beaches, imposed strict land-use laws, created an innovative regional government, introduced voting through the mail, allowed for physician-assisted suicide, and experimented with universal healthcare. Despite this list of accomplishments, however, Oregon is divided between two competing visions: one that is tied to progressive politics and another that is committed to conservative populism. While the progressive side supports a strong and active government, the conservative populist side seeks a smaller government, lower taxes, fewer restrictions on private property, and protection for traditional social values. The struggle between these two forces drives Oregon politics and policies today.

Sujets

• USA
• United States of America
• Region
• Administrative division
• Regional
• États-Unis

Informations

• Publié par: Nebraska
• Date de parution: 01 juillet 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780803205178
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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o r e g o n p o l i t i c s a n d g ov e r n m e n t

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Politics and Governments of the American States

General Editor

John Kincaid Robert B. and Helen S. Meyner Professor of Government and Public Service, Lafayette College

Founding Editor

Daniel J. Elazar

Published by the University of Nebraska Press in association with the Center for the Study of Federalism at the Robert B. and Helen S. Meyner Center for the Study of State and Local Government, Lafayette College

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e d i t e d b y r i c h a r d a . c l u c a s , m a r k h e n k e l s , a n d b r e n t s . s t e e l

Oregon Politics and Government p r o g r e s s i v e s v e r s u s c o n s e r vat i v e p o p u l i s t s

u n i v e r s i t y o f n e b r a s k a p r e s s l i n c o l n a n d l o n d o n

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©2005by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America

 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oregon politics and government : progressives versus conservative populists / [edited by] Richard A. Clucas, Mark Henkels, and Brent S. Steel. p. cm.—(Politics and governments of the American states) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8032-1531-2(cl. : alk. paper)— isbn 0-8032-6436-4(pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Oregon—Politics and government. I. Clucas, Richard A. II. Henkels, Mark,1958– . III. Steel, Brent. IV. Series. jk9016.o74 2005 320.9795—dc22 2004027407

Printed by Edwards Brothers, Inc.

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c o n t e n t s

List of Illustrations, vii Acknowledgments, ix

one A State Divided,1 Richard A. Clucas and Mark Henkels

two Place, People,17 Joe Bowersox

three Oregon in the Nation and the World,30 Richard A. Clucas and Melody Rose

four Parties and Elections,47 E. D. Dover

five Direct Democracy,63 Richard J. Ellis

six Interest Groups,82 Russ Dondero and William Lunch

seven Media,99 Russ Dondero, William Lunch, and Jim Moore

eight The Legislature,115 Richard A. Clucas

nine Governor,134 Jerry F. Medler

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vi

Contents

ten Bureaucracy,152 Douglas F. Morgan

eleven Judiciary,171 James C. Foster

twelve Local Government,189 Alana S. Jeydel

thirteen Fiscal Policy,204 Mark Henkels

fourteen Environmental Policy,225 Brent S. Steel and Denise Lach

fifteen Health Policy,242 William Lunch

sixteen Social Issues,256 Melody Rose

seventeen Education Policy,270 Brent S. Steel and William Lunch

eighteen Oregon in Perspective,287 Mark Henkels and Richard A. Clucas Notes,297 For Further Reading,323

Contributors,333 Index,337

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i l l u s t r at i o n s

figures 1.1. Counties Supporting Democratic Vice President Al Gore in the2000Presidential Election,10 1.2. Government Structure,14 4.1. Partisan Distribution of Seats in the Oregon House,50 4.2. Partisan Distribution of Seats in the Oregon Senate,51 4.3. Counties with a Majority of Registered Democrats,56 5.1. Initiative Use in Oregon,1904–2002,67 5.2. Referendum Use in Oregon,1904–2002,68 8.1. The Legislative Process,127 8.2. Legislative Referrals,1961–2001,129 8.3. Gubernatorial Vetoes,1961–2001,130 10.1Administrative Structure,. Oregon 154 11.1. Oregon Court System,177 16.1. Abortion Laws in the United States,2000,262

tables 1.1. Percent of Voter Support for Four Measures on2000Ballot,11 2.1. Demographic Characteristics of Oregon and the United States,2000,27 3.1. Percent of Voter Support for Death with Dignity,39 4.1. Party Membership by Region, Oregon House of Representatives,2001,61 8.1. Average Interest-Group-Support Scores,1999,118 9.1. Partisan Control of Oregon Government,144 9.2. Recent Oregon Governors,150 12.1. Forms of City Governments,192 12.2. Forms of County Governments,195 13.1. Components of the Oregon All Funds State Budget,2003–2005,207 13.2. Priorities in General Funds and Lottery Revenues,2003–2005,208 13.3. Principal Sources of Oregon General Funds and Lottery Monies,209

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viii

Illustrations

13.4. Tax Revenue Surplus and Kicker Payments,220 14.1. A Brief Environmental Policy History of Oregon,230 14.2. Elements of Conflicting Environmental Policy Paradigms,232 14.3. Urban and Rural Public Values Concerning the Environment,233 14.4. Interest Group and Industry Strategies to Influence Environmental Policy,237 14.5. Oregon Environmental Benchmarks: The 2000Benchmark Performance Report,240 15.1. Health Care Insurance in the United States,1998,243 16.1. Social Policy Initiatives,1990–2004,258 16.2Abortion Restriction Scores,. State 2000,260 17.1. Brief History of Oregon Education Policy,273 17.2. Spending per Pupil in Public Elementary-Secondary School Systems in Selected Western States,1999–2000,280 17.3. National Rankings of Selected Western States for Per-pupil Spending in Public Elementary-Secondary Schools,1999–2000,281 17.4. Higher Education Share of General Funds Appropriations,282 17.5. Appropriations for Public Four-Year Institutions in Selected Western States,1997–1998,283 17.6. Oregon Education Benchmarks: The 2001Benchmark Performance Report,285

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Acknowledgments

This book represents the collaborative effort of fourteen political scientists and one sociologist from across the state of Oregon. Although some of us eventually took on a more active role in the development of the book, the project would not have succeeded without the willingness of the contributors both to share their ideas about Oregon and to work with us as they put together their individual chapters. We do not have enough space to thank everyone who helped contribute to the book in one way or another. But there are several individuals who helped us or one of the chapter authors, and we would like to give them special thanks. These individuals offered invaluable advice, tracked down data, read through rough drafts of chapters, provided editorial assistance, or simply offered much-appreciated inspiration. Our thanks go to Judy Hall, Secretary of the Senate; John W. Lindback, Elections Division director; Fred Neal, campaign finance manager, Elec- tions Division; Scott Tighe, former operations manager, Elections Division; Richard Townsend, former executive director, Oregon League of Cities; Bob Cantine, executive director, Association of Oregon Counties; Kelly Freels, budget manager, Department of Administrative Services; Rob Larson, di- rector of policy and research, Department of Education; Morgan Holm, news director, Oregon Public Broadcasting; Virginia Breen, director of radio, Oregon Public Broadcasting; Floyd McKay, author and former Oregon jour- nalist; David B. Harrell, Legislative Administration; Deborah Murdock, as- sistant to the president for Government Relations, Portland State University; Gordon Dodds, Professor Emeritus, Portland State University; former state senator Ron Cease; Karen Arabas, Willamette University; Carolyn Long, Washington State University Vancouver; Jerry Bieberle; Peter Grundfossen;

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