Shaping the Political Arena

Collier David, Ruth Berins Collier

Description

Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier are political scientists who use comparative historical research to discover and evaluate patterns and sources of political change. Their work is an overall analysis of Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, and Mexico, plus case studies of four distinct pairs in that group: Chile/Brazil, Uruguay/Colombia, Argentina/Peru, and Venezuela/Mexico. In addition, the Colliers meticulously describe and discuss their methods for the study including the limitations of their approach. The authors specifically focus on why and how organized labor movements in the first half of the twentieth century were incorporated into the political process in the eight Latin American countries they study. They analyze the role played by political parties, central government control, worker mobilization, and conflict between radical vs. centrist political philosophies and activities.

Sujets

• Comparative Politics
• Political Science
• HISTORY
• Perú
• México
• América del Sur
• Argentina
• South America
• Latin America
• Chile
• World
• Brazil
• Mexico
• Colombia
• Peru
• Venezuela
• Uruguay
• Chili
• Argentine

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 15 novembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268077105
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

SHAPING THE POLITICAL ARENA
CRITICAL JUNCTURES, THE LABOR
MOVEMENT, AND REGIME DYNAMICS
IN LATIN AMERICA
Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier SHAPING THE POLITICAL ARE NA RECENT TITLES FROM THE HELEN KELLOGG INSTITUTE
FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Scott Mainwaring, general editor
The University of Notre Dame Press gratefully thanks the Helen Kellogg Institute
for International Studies for its support in the publication of titles in this series.
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Robert S. Pelton, C.S.C., ed.
Monsignor Romero: A Bishop for the Third Millennium (2004)
Guillermo O’Donnell, Jorge Vargas Cullell, and Osvaldo M. Iazzetta, eds.
The Quality of Democracy: Theory and Applications (2004)
Arie M. Kacowicz
The Impact of Norms in International Society: The Latin American Experience, 1881–2001 (2005)
Roberto DaMatta and Elena Soárez
Eagles, Donkeys, and Butterflies: An Anthropological Study of Brazil’s “Animal Game” (2006)
Kenneth P. Serbin
Needs of the Heart: A Social and Cultural History of Brazil’s Clergy and Seminaries (2006)
Christopher Welna and Gustavo Gallón, eds.
Peace, Democracy, and Human Rights in Colombia (2007)
Guillermo O’Donnell
Dissonances: Democratic Critiques of Democracy (2007)
Marifel Pérez-Stable, ed.
Looking Forward: Comparative Perspectives on Cuba’s Transition (2007)
Jodi S. Finkel
Judicial Reform as Political Insurance: Argentina, Peru, and Mexico in the 1990s (2008)
Robert R. Wilson, Peter M. Ward, Peter K. Spink, and Victoria E. Rodríguez
Governance in the Americas: Decentralization, Democracy, and Subnational Government in Brazil,
Mexico, and the USA (2008)
Brian S. McBeth
Dictatorship and Politics: Intrigue, Betrayal, and Survival in Venezuela, 1908–1935 (2008)
Pablo Policzer
The Rise and Fall of Represssion in Chile (2009)
Frances Hagopian, ed.
Religious Pluralism, Democracy, nd the Catholic Church in Latin America (2009)
For a complete list of titles from the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies,
see http: //www.undpress.nd.eduSHAPING THE POLITICAL ARENA
CRITICAL JUNCTURES, THE LABOR
MOVEMENT, AND REGIME DYNAMICS
IN LATIN AMERICA
Ruth Berins Coller and David Coller
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME PRESS NOTRE DAME, INDIANA University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
All Rights Reserved
www.undpress.nd.edu
Published in the United States of America
Copyright © 2002 University of Notre Dame
Reprinted in 2006, 2007, 2009
ISBN 13: 978-0-268-01772-9
ISBN 10: 0-268-01772-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-268-07710-5 (web pdf)
The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the
Kellogg Institute in the reissuing of this book.
First edition copyright © 1991 Princeton University Press
A record of the Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is
available upon request from the Library of Congress.
∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper.For Stephen, Jennifer, and Shep Contents
Peface to te 2002 Editon ix
Guillermo O'Donnell
Authors' Note to te 2002 Edton xiii
Figures and Tables xvii
Acknowledgents xix
OVERVIEW 3
I. Introduction
1. FRAMEWORK: Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies 27
2. CONTEXT: The Labor Movement and the State in Latin America 40
II. Cleavage
3. LABOR: Emergence of Worker Organization and Protest 59
4. STATE: Reformist Challenge to Oligarchic Domination 100
III. Critical Juncture
5. INCORPORATION: Recasting State-Labor Relations 161
Brazil and Chile: Depoliticization and Control 169
Mexico and Venezuela: Radical Populsm 196
Uruguay and Colombia: Electoral Mobilization
by a Traditional Party 271
Peru and Argentina: Labor Populism 314
IV.Legacy
6. AFTERMATH: Reaction to Incorporation and Postincorporation
Dynamics 353
Brazil and Chile: Aborted Populism 360
Mexico and Venezuela: Tansformation of
the Majority Coalition 403
Uruguay and Colombia: Reinforcing Taditional
To-Party Systems 438
Peru and Argentina: "Diffcult" and "Impossible" Games 469 viii SHAPING THE POLITICAL ARENA
7. HERIT AGE : Between Hegemony and Crisis 498
Brazil and Chile: Multiparty Polarizing Politics 507
Mexico and Ven ezuela: In tegrative Party Systems 571
Uruguay and Colombia: Electoral Stability and Social
Conf ict 639
Peru and Argen tina: Political Stalemate 692
V. Summation
8. CONCLUSION: Shaping the Political Arena
Heads of State since 1900 775
Glossar 78 1
Abbrevatons 791
Biblogaphy 797
Index of Countes by Anaytc Period 855
General Index 863
745 Guillermo O'Donnell
TH UNIVRSITY of Notre Dame Press should be congratulated for its
decision to reissue this remarkable book. Shaping the Political Arena
follows the best Weberian tradition of historical political sociology, in
several senses.
In one of these senses, which will be immediately obvious to the
reader, this book displays encyclopedic knowledge and the skillful uti­
lization of a huge and varied literature.
In a second sense, the Colliers have a broad-macro-and very im­
portant question: What were the patterns, and the consequences, of the
incorporation of labor (basically, urban labor) into the national arenas of
1 The authors trace these consequences in rela­politics of Latin America?
tion both to labor and, no less importantly, to the overall characteristics
of the political regimes and more generally of the societies that emerged
during and after (and, as they show, partly as a result of) the political in­
corporation of labor in Latin America.
In a third sense, as Weber did, this book uses a rather wide array of
causal factors without reducing its explanations to any of them. Yet this
is not intellectually undisciplined eclecticism: these factors are carefully
sorted out and assessed in each case and across cases.
Fourth, and related to the preceding remark, I found it particularly
pleasurable, as I did in Weber's Economy and Society, to "watch" the au­
thors of Shaping the Political Arena move in each step of their analysis
with clear-and explicit-self-consciousness of their methodology. In
many passages of their book, the Colliers do us the important service of
pointing out what they believe are the scope, the possible robustness, and
the likely limitations of their fndings and arguments. In fact, I have
found this methodological self-consciousness extremely useful both for
my own work and for my teaching-it is nice, and indeed helpful, to
watch very good minds carefully telling us about the rationale of the con­
ceptual and empirical steps they are taking.
Fifth, because the Colliers have a theoretical framework backed by
impressive research, they come out with a series of hypotheses and
con1 Always mindful of the need to offer clear defnitions, the authors consider incorpo­
ration as the "frst sustained and at least partially successful attempt by the state to legiti­
mate and shape an institutionalized labor movement" (p. 161 ) .
Preface to the 2002 Edition _______ _ x SHAPING THE POLITICAL ARENA
clusions that add enormously to our knowledge not only of labor but also
of political processes-broadly understood-in Latin America.
A book of this scope and complexity invites various uses and readings.
Mine, as implied above, is that of the study of a complex collective actor
by means of a theoretical framework that moves both through time (trac­
ing the history of the respective labor movements in eight countries)
and by means of "horizontal" comparisons. The main comparisons are of
cases that are paired by means of similarities in certain factors that the
theory indicates as particularly relevant. Some of these pairings are coun­
terintuitive, and certainly they would not have been generated had the
questions posed been different from the ones of this book; for example, it
took me some time and several discussions with the authors until I fully
understood-and agreed with-the pairing of two cases, Brazil and Chile,
that in many other respects are very different, as the Colliers themselves
emphasize. Here, as usual in these procedures, the proof of the pudding is
in the eating: as the reader will notice, these pairings highlight important
similarities, both in the process of labor incorporation and in the over­
all consequences they generated. Furthermore, these procedures are dis­
ciplined by the innovative and conceptually powerful typologies that the
authors elaborate on the relationships between the labor movement on
one side, and the various kinds of incorporation effected by the state and
political parties, on the other.
The book moves analytically back and forth between histories of each
case, told in considerable detail and with remarkable knowledge, and
comparisons that are apposite because they are anchored in similarities
that are shown to be theoretically relevant and empirically useful. This, as
noted above, is comparative historical (political) sociology at its best. It is
extremely diffcult and time consuming to do this well, and