Stopping the Bomb

L. Miller Nicholas

Description

This is an intense and meticulously sourced study on the topic of nuclear weapons proliferation, beginning with America's introduction of the Atomic Age... His book provides a full explanation of America's policy with a time sequence necessarily focusing on the domino effect of states acquiring a nuclear weapons capability and the import of bureaucratic decisions on international political behavior. ChoiceStopping the Bomb examines the historical development and effectiveness of American efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Nicholas L. Miller offers here a novel theory that argues changes in American nonproliferation policy are the keys to understanding the nuclear landscape from the 1960s onward. The Chinese and Indian nuclear tests in the 1960s and 1970s forced the US government, Miller contends, to pay new and considerable attention to the idea of nonproliferation and to reexamine its foreign policies.Stopping the Bomb explores the role of the United States in combating the spread of nuclear weapons, an area often ignored to date. He explains why these changes occurred and how effective US policies have been in preventing countries from seeking and acquiring nuclear weapons. Miller's findings highlight the relatively rapid move from a permissive approach toward allies acquiring nuclear weapons to a more universal nonproliferation policy no matter whether friend or foe. Four in-depth case studies of US nonproliferation policytoward Taiwan, Pakistan, Iran, and Franceelucidate how the United States can compel countries to reverse ongoing nuclear weapons programs.Miller's findings in Stopping the Bomb have important implications for the continued study of nuclear proliferation, US nonproliferation policy, and beyond.

Sujets

• Diplomacy
• Nuclear weapon
• Diplomatie (homonymie)

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 15 avril 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781501717819
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

StoppingtheBomb

a volum e in th e series

CornellStudiesinSecurityAffairs

EditedbyRobertJ.Art,RobertJervis,andStephenM.Walt

Alistoftitlesinthisseriesisavailableatcornellpress.cornell.edu.

Stopping the Bomb

TheSourcesandEffectivenessof US Nonproliferation Policy

N i c h o l a s L . M i l l e r

CornellUniversityPress Ithaca and London

Copyright © 2018 by Cornell University

Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,this

book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without

permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address

Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca,

New York 14850.

First published 2018 by Cornell University Press

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Names: Miller, Nicholas L., 1987– author. Title: Stopping the bomb : the sources and effectiveness of US  nonproliferation policy / Nicholas L. Miller. Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2018. | Includes  bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017048061 (print) | LCCN 2017055323 (ebook) |  ISBN 9781501717819 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501717826 (epub/mobi) |  ISBN 9781501717802 | ISBN 9781501717802 (cloth ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Nuclear nonproliferation—Government policy—  United States—History—20th century. | Economic sanctions,  American—History—20th century. Classification: LCC JZ5675 (ebook) | LCC JZ5675 .M55 2018 (print) |  DDC 327.1/7470973—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017048061

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Contents

Acknowledgments

ListofAbbreviations

Introduction: The Proliferation Problem

Theorizing the Sources and Effectiveness of US Nonproliferation Policy

The Sources of US Nonproliferation Policy, 1945–1968

The Sources of US Nonproliferation Policy, 1969–1980

Nonproliferation in Action: The United States and Friendly Countries’ Nuclear Weapons Programs, 1964–Present

The Effectiveness of US Nonproliferation Policy

The French Nuclear Program (1954–1960)

The Taiwanese Nuclear Program (1967–1977)

The Pakistani Nuclear Program (1972–1987)

The Iranian Nuclear Program (1974–2015)

Conclusion:LessonsfromUSNonproliferationPolicy

Notes Index

v

vii ix

1

10 40 69

95 123 148 171 193 217 244

253 307

Acknowledgments

Myinterestininternationalsecurityandnuclearweaponscoalescedwhen I was an undergraduate at Wesleyan University, where I was fortunate enough to take several excellent courses from Doug Foyle, Erica Che noweth, and David Kearn. In addition to sparking my intellectual interests through their teaching, these three professors helped inspire me to pursue a PhD through their mentorship and example. Under Doug Foyle’s guid ance, I wrote a senior thesis on US nonproliferation policy, which provided my first exposure to the topic that would become the focus of my disserta tion and, ultimately, this book. MygraduateschoolprofessorsatMITwereinstrumentalingettingme to this point. I could not have asked for a more supportive and capable set of dissertation advisers. Taylor Fravel provided vital feedback and helped me tackle the complexity of USChinaTaiwan relations. Frank Gavin’s re search on the history of US nonproliferation policy helped to stimulate my interest in the topic. He also helped connect me to the broader community of nuclear historians, whose work I admire and draw on. Vipin Narang was and continues to be an incredibly supportive mentor whose advice I regu larly seek. His research on nuclear strategy and proliferation serves as a model of rigor and insight for junior nuclear scholars. Several other faculty members at MIT offered invaluable feedback and support at various points during graduate school, including Fotini Christia, Roger Petersen, and Ste phen Van Evera. I am also grateful to many friends and colleagues I met in graduate school, who offered excellent feedback on my work and provided equally important camaraderie. I want to thank in particular Daniel Altman, Noel Anderson, Mark Bell, Chris Clary, Jeremy Ferwerda, Gene Gerzhoy, Brian

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Haggerty, Chad Hazlett, Yue Hou, David Jae, Sameer Lalwani, Kai Quek, Rachel Whitlark, and Alec Worsnop. I transformed my dissertation into a book manuscript while I was an as sistant professor at Brown University. During my time there, I benefited from the intellectual insights and support of many colleagues, including Jeff Colgan, Nina Tannenwald, Ed Steinfeld, Rick Locke, Wendy Schiller, Peter Andreas, Rose McDermott, and Peter Gourevitch. Brown was gener ous enough to fund and host a book workshop for me in December 2015, where I received exceptionally helpful comments from Scott Sagan, Robert Jervis, and Etel Solingen. ThisbookprojectmadeitacrossthefinishlinewhileIwasaStanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Belfer Center at Harvard. I am grateful to the Stanton Foundation for their support and the Managing the Atom Proj ect and International Security Program at Belfer for providing a stimulat ing intellectual environment. I am also thankful for the feedback and help I received in the publication process from the staff and editors at Cornell University Press, including Roger Haydon and the editors of the Security Affairs series. Portionsofthisbookdrawonpreviouslypublishedjournalarticles.I would like to thank Cambridge University Press, MIT Press, and Taylor and Francis for the permission to reprint this content. LongbeforeIwasanaspiringscholarofnuclearpolicy,Ireliedonthe support of my family and close friends. My parents, Garth Miller and Ann LeSuer, provided unwavering personal support and encouraged my in tellectual pursuits from a young age. My siblings—Matt, Emily, Rachael, Jacob, Nate, and Aidan—made sure I never became too full of myself. Two longtime friends, Jonathan Robinson and Kai Thaler, have helped keep me happy and sane over the years. Each of these individuals has helped make this book possible in his or her own way. Ireservemygreatestgratitudeformywife,EugenieCarabatsos,whose love and support has enriched my life immeasurably over the last nine years. I dedicate this book to her.

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Abbreviations

ACDA AEC CIA CENTO CEA DNSA EDC EU FRG FRUS HEU INER ICBM IRBM IAEA JCS JCAE JCPOA KMT MLF NIE NSA NSAM NSDM NSSM NSC

Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Atomic Energy Commission Central Intelligence Agency Central Treaty Organization Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Digital National Security Archive European Defense Community European Union Federal Republic of Germany Foreign Relations of the United States highly enriched uranium Institute of Nuclear Energy Research intercontinental ballistic missile intermediate range ballistic missile International Atomic Energy Agency Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Committee on Atomic Energy Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Kuomintang Multilateral Force National Intelligence Estimate National Security Archive National Security Action Memorandum National Security Decision Memorandum National Security Study Memorandum National Security Council

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