The Global Food Crisis

Description

The global food crisis is a stark reminder of the fragility of the global food system. The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities captures the debate about how to go forward and examines the implications of the crisis for food security in the world’s poorest countries, both for the global environment and for the global rules and institutions that govern food and agriculture.

In this volume, policy-makers and scholars assess the causes and consequences of the most recent food price volatility and examine the associated governance challenges and opportunities, including short-term emergency responses, the ecological dimensions of the crisis, and the longer-term goal of building sustainable global food systems. The recommendations include vastly increasing public investment in small-farm agriculture; reforming global food aid and food research institutions; establishing fairer international agricultural trade rules; promoting sustainable agricultural methods; placing agriculture higher on the post-Kyoto climate change agenda; revamping biofuel policies; and enhancing international agricultural policy-making.

Co-published with the Centre for International Governance Innovation

Informations

• Publié par: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
• Date de parution: 30 septembre 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 2
• EAN13: 9781554582754
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 16 Mo

Extrait

THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
Studies in International Governance is a research and policy analysis series from the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Titles in the series provide timely consideration of emerging trends and current challenges in the broad field of international governance. Representing diverse perspectives on important global issues, the series will be of interest to students and academics while serving also as a reference tool for policy-makers and experts engaged in policy discussion. To reach the greatest possible audience and ultimately shape the policy dialogue, each volume will be made available both in print through WLU Press and, twelve months after publication, free online under the Creative Commons License.
THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
Governance Challenges and Opportunities
Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen, editors
Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through its Book Publishing Industry Development Program for its publishing activities. Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Centre for International Governance Innovation. The Center for International Governance Innovation gratefully acknowledges support for its work program from the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
The global food crisis: governance challenges and opportunities/edited by Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen.
(Studies in international governance series)
Co-published by the Centre for International Governance Innovation.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued also in electronic format.
ISBN 978-1-55458-192-4
1. Food prices-Developing countries. 2. Food supply-Developing countries. 3. Food relief- International cooperation. 4. Crops and climate-Developing countries. 5. Sustainable agriculture. 6. Agricultural systems. I. Clapp, Jennifer, 1963- II. Cohen, Marc J., 1952- III. Centre for International Governance Innovation IV. Series: Studies in international governance
HD9000.5.G5826 2009 338.1 91724 C2009-903706-8
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
The global food crisis [electronic resource] : governance challenges and opportunitiess/edited by Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen.
(Studies in international governance series)
Co-published by the Centre for International Governance Innovation.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Electronic edited collection in PDF, ePub, and XML formats.
Issued also in print format.
ISBN 978-1-55458-198-6
1. Food prices-Developing countries. 2. Food supply-Developing countries. 3. Food relief- International cooperation. 4. Crops and climate-Developing countries. 5. Sustainable agriculture. 6. Agricultural systems. I. Clapp, Jennifer, 1963- II. Cohen, Marc J., 1952- III. Centre for International Governance Innovation IV. Series: Studies in international governance
HD9000.5.G5826 2009a 338.1 91724
Cover design by David Drummond. Text design by Catharine Bonas-Taylor.
2009 The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Wilfrid Laurier University Press
For permission to reprint the articles Impact of Climate Change and Bioenergy on Nutrition, by Marc Cohen, Cristina Tirado, Noora-Lisa Aberman (IFPRI), and Brian Thompson (FAO), and A Stronger Global Architecture for Food and Agriculture: Some Lessons from FAO s History and Recent Evaluation, by Daniel J. Gustafson and John Markie, the publishers acknowledge the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Good Policy Research Institute. Both articles are copyright IFRPI and FAO, 2008.
This book is printed on FSC recycled paper and is certified Ecologo. It is made from 100% post-consumer fibre, processed chlorine free, and manufactured using biogas energy.
Printed in Canada
Every reasonable effort has been made to acquire permission for copyright material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accurately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher s attention will be corrected in future printings.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
List of Tables and Boxes
Foreword, Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Acknowledgements
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Introduction
1. The Food Crisis and Global Governance
Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen
Part 1: The Causal Factors behind the Food Crisis
2. The Blame Game: Understanding Structural Causes of the Food Crisis
Anuradha Mittal
3. The 1974 and 2008 Food Price Crises: D j Vu?
Sue Horton
4. Responding to Food Price Volatility and Vulnerability: Considering the Global Economic Context .
Jennifer Clapp
5. US Biofuels Policy and the Global Food Price Crisis: A Survey of the Issues .
Kimberly Ann Elliott
Part 2: Immediate Governance Challenges and Proposals: Food Aid, Trade Measures, and International Grain Reserves
6. Responding to the 2008 Food Crisis : Lessons from the Evolution of the Food Aid Regime
Raymond F. Hopkins
7. Preparing for an Uncertain Global Food Supply: A New Food Assistance Convention
C. Stuart Clark
8. From Food Handouts to Integrated Food Policies
Frederic Mousseau
9. The Uses of Crisis: Progress on Implementing US Local/Regional Procurement of Food Aid
Gawain Kripke
Part 3: Longer-Term Ecological Concerns and Governance Responses
10. The Impact of Climate Change on Nutrition
Cristina Tirado, Marc J. Cohen, Noora-Lisa Aberman, and Brian Thompson
11. Fossil Energy and the Biophysical Roots of the Food Crisis
Tony Weis
12. Setting the Global Dinner Table: Exploring the Limits of the Marketization of Food Security
Noah Zerbe
Part 4: Strategies to Promote Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture: The Way Ahead
13. A Stronger Global Architecture for Food and Agriculture: Some Lessons from FAO s History and Recent Evaluation
Daniel J. Gustafson and John Markie
14. Improving the Effectiveness of US Assistance in Transforming the Food Security Outlook in Sub-Saharan Africa
Emmy Simmons and Julie Howard
15. Urban Agriculture and Changing Food Markets
Mark Redwood
16. Reorienting Local and Global Food Systems: Institutional Challenges and Policy Options from the UN Agricultural Assessment
Marcia Ishii-Eiteman
17. The Governance Challenges of Improving Global Food Security .
Alex McCalla
Notes on Contributors
Index
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1.1 FAO Food Price Index, 2005-2009
Figure 1.2 Proportion of Undernourished People in the Developing World
Figure 1.3 Number of Undernourished People in the Developing World
Figure 2.1 Total World Grain and Oilseeds
Figure 3.1 Monthly Wheat Price Index, 1973 to 1974 and 2006 to 2007, in US$ and European Currency
Figure 3.2 Monthly Rice Price Index, 1973 to 1974 and 2006 to 2007, in US$ and European Currency
Figure 3.3 End-Year Wheat Stocks, and Stock-to-Consumption Ratio, Wheat (Worldwide), 1970-71 to 2007-08
Figure 3.4 World Cereal/Food Aid, Compared to Wheat Price, 1970-2007
Figure 4.1 World Cereal Stocks-to-Utilization Ratio and Cereal Price Index, 1990-2008
Figure 4.2 Agricultural Trade Balance of Least Developed Countries, 1961-2006
Figure 5.1 World Grain Stocks to Use
Figure 5.2 Corn Markets and Ethanol Production
Figure 5.3 Acreage Planted by Commodity
Figure 5.4 Gasoline Prices and Ethanol Production
Figure 6.1 Food Aid Flows, 1999-2007
Figure 6.2 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Requirements and Contributions
Figure 7.1 Minimum Food Aid Tonnage Commitments under Various Food Aid Conventions
Figure 17.1 World Cereal Production, 1999-2007
Figure 17.2 World Cereal Stocks, 2000-2008
Figure 17.3 Agricultural Productivity Growth for Rice, Maize, and Wheat, 1963-2005
Figure 17.4 Food Subsidies in Selected MENA Countries, 2007 (Share of GDP)
Figure 17.5 Food Subsidies in Selected MENA Countries, 2007 (Share of Government Expenditure)
LIST OF TABLES AND BOXES
Tables
Table 2.1 Exponential Trend Growth Rates
Table 3.1 Percentage Change in Selected Crop Prices if Biofuel Demand Were Limited
Table 5.1 An Illustration of Factors in the Food Price Crisis
Table 5.2 Sources of Daily Calories in Developing Countries, 2002 .
Table 15.1 Cumulative Percentage Changes in Real Rice Prices, 2003-2007
Table 15.2 Percentage of Income Spent on Food by Low-Income Residents in Selected Cities
Table 15.3 Selected Data on the Contribution of Urban Agriculture to the Availability of Urban Food
Table 17.1 Cereal Balances in Selected MENA Countries, 2005
Table 17.2 Experience with Global Reserves
Boxes
Box 2.1 The Experience of Ghana
Box 5.1 Is Sugar Ethanol Different?
Box 16.1 The UN Agricultural Assessment
Box 16.2 IAASTD Key Finding on Trade
Box 16.3 Multi-functionality of Agriculture
Box 16.4 Agroecology and Sustainable Production
FOREWORD
Rapidly increasing international food prices during 2007 and the fi