The United Nations Organization

Tatah Mentan

Description

Saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war was the main motivation for creating the United Nations. Given the ongoing conflicts, wars and terrorist attacks today one is forced to ask: Is there Hope for International Peace and Security? Where have the safeguards gone to? Has the United Nations become powerless in the face of absence of the �safeguards�? In this book, Professor Tatah Mentan examines the transformation in UN peace and security operations, analysing its changing role and structure. Tatah Mentan argues that the enemy of peace and security in the global system is the dictatorship of predatory bailed out monopoly capitalism that tells us that building war ships is more important than building alternate energy infrastructure. The real enemies are therefore the publicly bailed-out monopolies, Big Media, Big Pharma, Big Oil, the Military Industrial Complex, etc. that deny the truth about conflicts and insecurity. As he emphasises, the enemies are those who refuse to think critically, not being intellectually curious, and accepting the supremacist, fascist, and misgovernance that is reducing the world collectively to being cogs in a diabolical machine of neoliberal global capitalism.

Informations

• Publié par: Langaa RPCIG
• Date de parution: 19 mai 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9789956551644
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

The United Nations Organization (In) Securing Global Peace and Security

Tatah Mentan

THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION (In)Securing Global Peace &Security Tatah Mentan Langaa Research & Publishing CIG Mankon, Bamenda

Publisher: LangaaRPCIG Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group P.O. Box 902 Mankon Bamenda North West Region Cameroon [e-mail] www.langaa-rpcig.net Distributed in and outside N. America by African Books Collective [e-mail] www.africanbookscollective.com

ISBN-10: 9956-551-63-5

ISBN-13: 978-9956-551-63-7

©Tatah Mentan 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or be stored in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher

Dedication

To victims of the UN veto power. The veto power has enabled powerful

countries to overthrow democratically elected governments, bomb civilians,

terrorize their own populations, place inhumane sanctions on civilians, and

even refuse UN officials access to investigate.

Table of Contents Acknowledgement............................................................. ix Foreword ........................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE The UN System and Primacy of Global Peace and Security................................................. 1 CHAPTER TWO The UNO and Plaguing Conflicts, Wars, and Terrorism ......................................................... 57 CHAPTER THREE The UN and Bloody Law: International Law as Primitive Accumulation.................. 95 CHAPTER FOUR (Un)golden UN Charter Silence on Intra-and-Non-State Armed Conflicts .............................. 145 CHAPTER FIVE Sovereignty, Human Rights and Humanitarian Intervention for Global Peace and Security ...................... 183 CHAPTER SIX Territorial Integrity of UN Member States and Self-Determination .......................................... 255

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CHAPTER SEVEN The Irony of Rule of Law in the Current Political Jungle..................................................... 309 CHAPTER EIGHT The African Union (AU) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) .................................. 365 CHAPTER NINE Conclusion and Way Forward........................................... 425

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List of Tables, Pictures, and Figures Tables Table 1: Most peaceful countries (2017) ...................................... 60 Table 2: Least peaceful countries (2017)...................................... 61 Table 3: Examples of major intrastate conflicts since 19751 ....................................................................... 155 Pictures Picture 1: War costs us $13.6 trillion. So why do we spend so little on peace?................................................................ 61 Figures Figure 1: Total armed conflict by type, 1918-1938 and 1946-2016. ............................................................. 59 Figure 2: Global state of peace (2016).......................................... 63 Figure 3: Global terrorism index (2015) ...................................... 64 Figure 4: Global impact of terrorism (2016) ............................... 65 Figure 5: Deaths from terrorism in OECD countries (2000-2016) ..................................................................... 65 Figure 6: Economic impact of terrorism in US$ billions (200-2015).............................................................. 66 Figure 7: Economic impact of violence (2015)........................... 67 Figure 8: Cost of conflict compared to Official Development Assistance, UN peacekeeping and peacebuilding spending........................... 68 Figure 9: Trends in the global economic impact of violence, trillions ppp, 2007-2017. .............................. 78 Figure 10: Global Terrorism Index (2015) .................................. 79 Figure 11: The impact of terrorism .............................................. 80 Figure 12: Deaths from terrorism in OECD countries (2000-2016) ....................................................... 81 Figure 13: Economic impact of terrorism in US$ billions (2000-2015)............................................................ 82 Figure 14: The state of global peace ............................................. 83 Figure 15: Change in overall score and in each

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domain by Region, 2006-2017....................................................... 83 Figure 16: Responsibility to Protect ............................................. 90 Figure 17: Average number of Interstate conflicts per year by decade, 1950-2011....................................................... 153 Figure 18: Global trends in intrastate conflicts and battle deaths, 1989 to 2011..................................................... 153 Figure 19: International Court of Justice: Emblem of the International Court of Justice ............................ 334 Figure 20: UN Peacekeeping Operations .................................... 457 Figure 21: Deployment of UN Peacekeepers.............................. 464

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Acknowledgement I am starting my acknowledgement with a disclaimer. This book is not about former British Southern Cameroons. It is about the role of the United Nations in fulfilling its mission of peace and security in the world. However, the book draws its inspiration from the stunning case of the United Nations Trust Territory of the British Southern Cameroons now known by its indigenous geographical indication, Ambazonia. As a trust territory, Ambazonia was a qualified subject of international law and it had international personality, a separate political, constitutional and territorial existence. It enjoyed self- government as from 1954 and was endowed with a state constitution by 1960. The territory is well-defined, delimited and demarcated by international boundary treaties: (i) the Agreement between Great Britain and Germany respecting the Settlement of the Frontier between Nigeria and the Cameroons from Yola to the Sea, 11 March 1913; and (ii) the Franco-British Declaration respecting the Frontier between the British Cameroons and French Cameroun, 10 July 1919, as well as the Declaration made by the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria and the Governor of the French Cameroun determining the Frontier between British Cameroons and French Cameroun, 9 January 1931. Unfortunately, this territory has been torn and convulsed militarily and economically by its colonizer, a former UN trust Territory. The root cause of the ongoing fratricidal war between Ambazonia and La République du Camerounis therefore the failure of the United Nations, and Britain (the Administering Authority), to complete the decolonization of Ambazonia. On 1 September 1961, when Britain was still the Administering Authority in Ambazonia, La République du Camerounproclaimed the annexation of Ambazonia. It did so through the subterfuge of a pretended ‘federal constitution’ the content of which was, “sauf en apparence, une annexion”, to use the apt characterization of Pierre Messmer the last French colonial governor in Yaoundé.Four weeks later, on 30 September, the British handed powers not to Ambazonia but, strangely, to La République du Cameroun. The British then left on October 1, 1961. That same day,

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