Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Period)

Percy Brown

Description

Few countries possess a richer architectural heritage than India, a country whose buildings are rooted in history, culture, and religion. As a results of India's global discourse with other regions around the world, there have been many influences that have been assimilated into its architecture, producing unique, varied and lively results. This fantastic volume walks the reader through India's history, both architecturally and culturally, exploring its different styles of buildings and providing interesting insights into their origin and evolution. “Indian Architecture” is highly recommended for those with an interest in architecture and Indian history alike. Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition complete with a specially-commissioned new introduction on architecture.

Sujets

• Religion
• Architecture
• buildings

Informations

• Publié par: Read Books Ltd.
• Date de parution: 16 avril 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781447498575
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
(Buddhist and Hindu Periods)
BY
PERCY BROWN
M.B.E., A.R.C.A., F.R.A.S.B.
Secretary and Curator, Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta, formerly Principal of the Government School of Art, and Keeper of the Government Art Gallery, Calcutta.
With Drawings-Photographs-Maps.
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
I.
THE INDUS CIVILIZATION (cir. B.C. 3000-2000)

THE VEDIC CULTURE (cir. B.C. 1500-800)
II.
BUILDING DURING THE RULE OF THE EARLY MAURYAN DYNASTY (cir. 400 B.C.): WOODEN ORIGINS
III.
ASOKA, AND THE BEGINNINGS OF THE BUDDHIST SCHOOL (cir. 250. B.C.)
IV.
THE BUILDING ART UNDER THE SUNGAS AND ANDHRAS, (cir. 185 B.C. to A.D. 150)
V.
BUDDHIST ROCK-CUT ARCHITECTURE: THE EARLY, OR HINAYANA PHASE, (2ND CENTURY B.C. TO 2ND CENTURY A.D.)
VI.
ROCK-CUT ARCHITECTURE

THE HINAYANA BUDDHIST VIHARAS OR MONASTERIES

THE ROCK ARCHITECTURE OF ORISSA (2ND CENTURY B.C.)
VII.
THE MAHAYANA, OR THEISTIC BUDDHIST MONASTERIES OF GANDHARA, (250 B.C. to A.D. 450)
VIII.
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHERN INDIA. (200 B.C. to 4th CENTURY A.D.)
IX.
BUILDINGS IN BRICK
X.
THE GUPTA PERIOD (cir. A.D. 350 to 650)
XI.
CHALUKYAN ARCHITECTURE: ITS BEGINNINGS AT AIHOLE AND BADAMI (cir. A.D. 450 to 650)
XII.
THE ROCK-CUT ARCHITECTURE OF THE MAHAYANA BUDDHISTS (cir. A.D. 450 to 642)
XIII.
EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLE
XIV.
THE EARLY CHALUKYAN PHASE AT AIHOLE, BADAMI, AND PATTADAKAL (A.D. 600 to 750)
XV.
ROCK ARCHITECTURE: THE FINAL PHASE (A.D. 600 to 900)
XVI.
THE DRAVIDIAN STYLE: ITS GENESIS UNDER THE PALLAVAS (cir. A.D. 600 to 900)
XVII.
THE DRAVIDIAN STYLE

THE TEMPLES OF THE CHOLAS (A.D. 900 to 1150)
XVIII.
THE DRAVIDIAN STYLE

UNDER THE PANDYAS (cir. 1100 to 1350)
XIX.
THE DRAVIDIAN STYLE

UNDER THE VIJAYANAGAR DYNASTY (cir. A.D. 1350 to 1565)
XX.
THE DRAVIDIAN STYLE ( Concluded )

MADURA: THE FINAL PHASE (FROM cir. A.D. 1600)
XXI.
THE NORTHERN, OR INDO-ARYAN STYLE

ORISSA (A.D. 800 to 1250)
XXII.
THE NORTHERN, OR INDO-ARYAN STYLE

THE KHAJARAHO GROUP, CENTRAL INDIA (A.D. 950 to 1050)
XXIII.
THE NORTHERN, OR INDO-ARYAN STYLE

RAJPUTANA AND CENTRAL INDIA (8th to 11th CENTURIES)
XXIV.
THE NORTHERN, OR INDO-ARYAN STYLE

GUJARAT AND THE WEST (A.D. 941 to 1311)
XXV.
THE NORTHERN, OR INDO-ARYAN STYLE

THE TEMPLES OF THE DECCAN (11th to 13th CENTURIES)
XXVI.
THE NORTHERN, OR INDO-ARYAN STYLE ( Concluded )

TEMPLES AT GWALIOR (11th CENTURY) AND BRINDABAN (16th CENTURY)
XXVII.
TEMPLES WITH GABLED AND MULTIPLE ROOFS
XXVIII.
THE TEMPLE CITIES OF THE JAINS
XXIX.
THE LATER CHALUKYAN, OR HOYSALA STYLE (A.D. 1050 to 1300)
XXX.
LATER CHALUKYAN STYLE (cir. 1050 to 1300)
XXXI.
THE BRAHMANICAL BUILDINGS OF BENGAL (8th to 18th CENTURIES)
XXXII.
KASHMIR:

THE BUDDHIST AND BRAHMANICAL REMAINS (A.D. 200 to 1300)
XXXIII.
THE BUILDING ART OF NEPAL
XXXIV.
THE CAPITAL CITIES OF CEYLON
XXXV.
THE PAGODAS OF BURMA
XXXVI.
GREATER INDIA: CAMBODIA
XXXVII.
GREATER INDIA: SIAM
XXXVIII.
GREATER INDIA: THE BUILDINGS OF THE CHAMS. (Annam, French Indo-China)
XXXIX.
GREATER INDIA: JAVA AND BALI

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX
REFERENCE BOOKS. A list of these will be found at the end of each chapter. There is a short General Bibliography at the end of the book.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
THE first issue of this book being almost immediately exhausted, the steady demand for a reprint has led to its reproduction in the form of a second edition.
In this new publication, apart from a general revision of the original work, several chapters have been added dealing with the architecture of the countries adjacent to India, and specially including those referred to as Greater India. It is believed that in its expanded form, the volume may prove of greater value in view of this more comprehensive treatment of the subject.
P.B.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
IT was the original intention to produce this work on INDIAN ARCHITECTURE in one volume, and the letterpress with the material as a whole was prepared accordingly. In the course of publication, however, it was found expedient to modify this plan, and to bring the work out not only in two separate volumes but in the form of two independent books. The first of these confines itself to the Early, Buddhist and Brahmanical aspect of the subject, and is therefore entitled INDIAN ARCHITECTURE, BUDDHIST and HINDU while the second deals with the development of Moslem architecture in India up to modern times, and is entitled INDIAN ARCHITECTURE, THE ISLAMIC PERIOD. It is believed that the issue of the work in this manner will enable it to be more conveniently studied and handled more easily than if it were produced in one rather bulky volume.
A considerable number of authorities and others have been referred to from time to time for verification of certain passages in this work, but it is not possible for all these to be mentioned by name, although my thank are herewith recorded to one and all. In addition to these inquiries for information, the following, among others, have been instrumental in providing photographs for the illustrations: the Director General of Archaeology in India, and the Superintendents of the various circles of the Archaeological Survey; the Archaeological Departments of the Independent States such as Hyderabad, Baroda, Mysore, Gwalior and Kashmir; the Superintendents of Museums as for instance Madras, Bombay and Muttra, and the South Indian Railway Co., Ltd. In all cases while acknowledging my indebtedness, it should be emphasized that the photographs supplied are copyright by each of the institutions named.
It is only my duty, however, to express my gratitude for the special help I have received from the following: Mr. Farrokh E. Bharucha for reading the manuscript and giving me the benefit of his valuable advice as to the form of the work and other relative matters; to my draftsman Babu Nityananda Das Ray for the skilful and intelligent manner in which he has worked from my sketches and drawings to produce many of the illustrations; to Messrs. Taraporevala for their enthusiastic co-operation in the work of publication at a very difficult time, and the willing acceptance of my occasionally exacting demands; and, finally, to the Hon ble Mr. Justice Edgley, I.C.S., not only for some carefully considered deductions relating to the chronology of the rock-architecture which will be found in an Appendix, but also for so readily undertaking the labour of correcting the proofs.
1942.
P.B.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
CONJECTURAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAIN GATEWAY TO THE ANCIENT CITY OF KUSHINAGARA (cir. B.C. 500) in MAGADHA. ADAPTED FROM A BAS-RELIEF ON THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY OF THE GREAT STUPA AT SANCHI, BHOPAL STATE.
I.
1
A VEDIC VILLAGE c. B.C. 500

2,3,4 5
WOODEN ORIGINS
II.
1
MAP OF INDIA SHOWING EARLY AND BUDDHIST SITES

2
MAP OF INDIA SHOWING PRINCIPAL INDO-ARYAN AND DRAVIDIAN SITES
III.

CONJECTURAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WOODEN ORIGINAL FROM WHICH (PRES.) THE ROCK-CUT CHAITYA-HALL AND VIHARA AT KONDANE BOMBAY WERE COPIED, B.C. 200
IV.

EXAMPLES OF WOODEN CONSTRUCTION EXTRACTED FROM ROCK-CUT ORIGINALS
IVA.

CONJECTURAL ORIGINS: DETAILS
IVB.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CIRCULAR TEMPLE AT BAIRAT, JAIPUR, c. 2ND CENT. B.C.
V.
1
SARNATH, BENARES, CAPITAL (RESTORED) OF MONOLITHIC COLUMN, ASOKAN c. B.C. 250

2
BAALBEK, SYRIA, LION-HEADED SPOUT, ROMAN, 2ND CENTURY A.D.

3
BUDH GAYA, BIHAR. CARVED STONE BORDER FROM THRONE, ASOKAN, c. B.C. 250

4
RAMPURVA, BIHAR. BORDER FROM MONOLITHIC COLUMN, ASOKAN, c. B.C. 250

5
SANCHI, BHOPAL STATE. CAPITALS FROM NORTHERN GATEWAY c. 25 B.C
VI.

TODA HUT

1 to 8
INTERIORS FROM ROCK-CUT EXAMPLES
VII.

BARABAR HILLS, BIHAR; ROCK-CUT CELLS, 3RD CENTURY B.C.

1
LOMAS RISHI, FACADE

2
SUDAMA; ROCK-CUT IMITATION OF PLANKING IN INTERIOR

1
SUDAMA; ROCK-CUT EAVE OF INTERIOR
VIII.

TYPES OF EARLY CAPITALS
IX.
1 to 11
EVOLUTION OF DRAVIDIAN CAPITAL

12
PLAN OF DAMBAL TEMPLE AT DODDA BASAVANNA
X.
1
DIAGRAM OF GREAT STUPA AT SANCHI, B.C. AND A.D

2
CONJECTURAL RESTORATION OF TEMPLE No. 18 AT SANCHI, c. A.D. 650
XA.

BARABAR HILLS, BIHAR: LOMAS RISHI (c. 250; B.C.)


BUDH GAYA: RAILING (c. 75B.C.)


BARHUT, STUPA: UPPER PART OF GATEWAY (c. 150 B.C.)


BUDH GAYA: ARCHITECTURE REPRESENTED ON RAILING PILLAR (c. 1ST CENT. A.D.)
XB.

VARIOUS FORMS OF STUPA
XI.

SANCHI, BHOPAL STATE; NORTHERN GATEWAY, (PARTIALLY RESTORED) OF GREAT STUPA: 1ST CENTURY B.C.
XII.

EARLY TYPES OF TEMPLE
XIII.

STUPAS AND MONASTERIES AT SANCHI
XIV.

PRIMITIVE SHRINES FROM EARLY BAS-RELIEFS
XV.

SECTION IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE ROCK-CUT BUDDHIST CHAITYA-HALL AT KARLI, c. 1ST CENTURY, B.C
XVI.

CHAITYA-HALLS, EARLY OR HINAYANA SERIES, 2ND CENTURY B.C. TO 2ND CENTURY A.D
XVII.

CHAITYA-HALLS, EARLY OR HINAYANA SERIES, 2ND CENTURY B.C. TO 2ND CENTURY A.D
XVIII.

FACADES OF ROCK-CUT CHAITYA-HALLS 2ND CENTURY B.C

1
BHAJA

2
KONDANE
XIX.
1
AJANTA, FACADE OF CHAITYA-HALL No. 26 6TH CENTURY A.D.

2
KARLI CHAITYA-HALL, VESTIBULE, c. 2ND CENTURY B.C.
XX.
1 2
KARLI CHAITYA-HALL
XXI.

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAITYA ARCH


SITE PLAN OF ELLORA


SITE PLAN OF AJANTA
XXII.
1
JUNNAR, (POONA DIST.) ROCK-CUT FACADES, MANMODI GROUP, Nos. 1 3, c. 1ST CENTURY B.C .

2
ELLORA, ROCK-CUT TEMPLE OF KAILASA, 8TH CENTURY A.D.
XXIIA.

NASIK. ROCK-CUT FACADES, EARLY 2ND CENTURY A.D.

1
GAUTAMIPUTRA VIHARA (No. 3)

2
VIHARA No. 10
XXIII.

SMALL VIHARA AT BHAJA, c. B.C. 150
XXIV.
1 2
UDAIGIRI, ORISSA, RANI GUMPHA: c. B.C. 150
XXV.
1 to 6
UDAIGIRI, ORISSA, ROCK-CUT MONASTERIES
XXVI.

CONJECTURAL RESTORATION OF THE COURT OF THE STUPA, TAKHT-I-BAHAI, 2ND CENTURY A.D.
XXVII.

C