Pollock

Donald Wigal

Description

Born in 1912, in a small town in Wyoming, Jackson Pollock embodied the American dream as the country found itself confronted with the realities of a modern era replacing the fading nineteenth century. Pollock left home in search of fame and fortune in New York City. Thanks to the Federal Art Project he quickly won acclaim, and after the Second World War became the biggest art celebrity in America. For De Kooning, Pollock was the “icebreaker”. For Max Ernst and Masson, Pollock was a fellow member of the European Surrealist movement. And for Motherwell, Pollock was a legitimate candidate for the status of the Master of the American School. During the many upheavals in his life in Nez York in the 1950s and 60s, Pollock lost his bearings - success had simply come too fast and too easily. It was during this period that he turned to alcohol and disintegrated his marriage to Lee Krasner. His life ended like that of 50s film icon James Dean behind the wheel of his Oldsmobile, after a night of drinking.

Sujets

• Art
• Abstract
• American Art
• Action painting
• Visual arts of the United States
• Expressionism
• Pollock
• Pollock (homonymie)
• Jackson Pollock

Informations

• Publié par: Parkstone International
• Date de parution: 04 juillet 2023
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781781606339
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Author: Donald Wigal

Layout: Baseline Co Ltd
61A-63A Vo Van Tan
4 th Floor
District 3, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam.

© Confidential Concepts, worldwide, USA
© Parkstone Press International, New York, USA
© Pollock Estate/ Artists Rights Society, New York, USA

ISBN: 978-1-78160-633-9

All rights reserved.
N o part of this book may be reproduced or adapted without the permission of the copyright holder, throughout the world.

Unless otherwise specified, copyright on the works reproduced lies with the respective photographers. Despite intensive research, it has not always been possible to establish copyright ownership. Where this is the case, we would appreciate notification.
Donald Wigal



Jackson
Pollock
TABLE OF CONTENT



The myth of the artist cowboy
Pre-adolescence and first artistic notions
The Benton Student
Epistolary exchanges with home
First flight
The Origins of his alcoholism
Alcoholism and therapies
The arrival of Abstract Expressionism
Hans Namuth
Lee Krasner
Description of his technique
Review of his influences
A new process
“I am nature”
The arrival of glory
Mural
A new process
The climax of his success
Relapse
Ruth Kligman
The last photo and Pollock’s death
BIOGRAPHY
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Untitled (Self-portrait) , 1931-1935.
Oil on gesso on canvas mounted
on fibreboard, 18.4 x 13.3 cm,
The Pollock-Krasner Foundation, New York.
F ifty years ago the artist Jackson Pollock died, but he lives on in his biographies and especially in his work. However, much of his genius was expressed by how he veiled the visible while he unveiled the invisible.
It may be that by veiling himself and his art as he so uniquely did, Pollock paradoxically revealed much of his interior life, thereby making it possible to see and better understand therein something of his spiritual journey – if not also something of the universal human journey.
Many of the events in Pollock ’ s life and much of his radically new art proved to be mystically profane and ugly, yet awesome. At times the artist, like his art, appears to be innocent, graceful and sensitive. At the same time, his life and art might seem to be crude, macho and abrasive. The biographer Andrea Gabor considers him to be “ brilliant and na ï ve, gentle and aggressive, vulnerable and destructive. ” She observes, “ Few artists... seemed to personify the masculine excesses of the era more completely than Jackson Pollock, who came to represent an archetype of unbridled artistic vitality. ”
The cycles of Pollock ’ s life and art overlap at times, sometimes appearing to have the ambivalent traits of a child-man, angel-beast, and creator-destroyer. Many observers of his work are both kept at a distance by what is ugly and yet pulled into what is beautiful in the realities of the artist ’ s rugged presence and his brilliant achievements. At the same time, his private, self-destructive compulsions and isolation ironically drove him to his highly public end fifty years ago.

The myth of the artist cowboy

On 28 January, 1912, Paul Jackson Pollock was born on Watkins Ranch in Cody, Wyoming. In a unique way Pollock would carry on the spirit of some of Cody ’ s most exciting pioneering, rebellious and wild images, as well as myths about legendary American cowboys. Although Pollock spent only his first few months as an infant in Cody, he didn ’ t correct people who presumed he lived in that truly Western town until he arrived in New York City. Willem de Kooning ’ s biographers state, “ Pollock ’ s self-destruction had a kind of grandeur that many in the art world respected. Pollock seemed a purely American figure, an authentic visionary, cowboy, and maverick. ” McCoy was the birth name of Jackson ’ s father, LeRoy. After the death of LeRoy ’ s parents in 1897, he was taken care of by a family named Pollock. Ten days before his twenty-first birthday, LeRoy was adopted by the Pollocks. He then took on the name Pollock. Later he asked a lawyer to have his name changed back to McCoy, but doing so was too expensive.
Jackson was the youngest of five boys in the family of LeRoy McClure Pollock (1876-1933) and Stella May (1875-1958). His brothers were Charles Cecil (1902-1988), Marvin Jay (1904-1986), Frank Leslie (1907-1994), and Sanford ‘ Sande ’ LeRoy (1909-1963).
2. T.P.’s Boat in Menemsha Pond , c.1934.
Oil on metal, 11.7 x 16.2 cm,
New Britain Museum of
American Art, New Britain.
3. Going West , 1934-1935.
Oil on gesso on fibreboard, 38.3 x 52.7 cm,
National Museum of American Art,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
4. Untitled (Woman) , c.1935-1938.
Oil on fibreboard, 35.8 x 26.6 cm,
Nagashima Museum, Kagoshima City, Japan.
5. Untitled (Naked Man with a Knife) , c.1938-1940.
Oil on canvas, 127 x 91.4 cm,
Tate Gallery, London.
6. The Moon Woman , 1942.
Oil on canvas, 175.2 x 109.3 cm,
The Solomon R. Guggenheim
Foundation, New York.
Throughout his life, Pollock would mention growing up in Cody; however, he actually spent less than his first ten months in the town before the family moved to National City, near San Diego, California. The move would be the first of several during Jackson ’ s youth. For example, after only eight months in National City the Pollock family moved again. In 1913, at age thirty-seven, LeRoy bought a truck farm in Phoenix, Arizona. He sold it only four years later, and then moved the family to Chico, California, where he bought and sold another farm, and then bought a hotel in Janesville.
Some biographers have observed that during his first decade, Jackson lived in six different houses as his father tried job after job, without much success, in three states. In California alone, the Pollock family lived in eight different places. Pollock ’ s difficulty in establishing social links throughout his adolescence became apparent rather quickly, in fact shortly after enrolling at his school in Riverside in 1927. The overall effect of these frequent moves possibly contributed to the future artist ’ s life-long sense of unrest, instability, and his difficulties in social groups. On the other hand, he might also have learned something about adaptability.
Pollock ’ s parents were originally from Iowa, the state just east of Jackson ’ s birth state of Wyoming. They were Presbyterians of Scottish and Irish origin; their ancestors had been Quakers, but they did not indoctrinate their children into any religion.
A 1927 photo of fifteen-year-old Jackson taken by Lee Ewing is the only one showing him posing in Western garb. It contributes significantly to the myth of Pollock as a cowboy. Maybe because of America ’ s admiration for the pioneers of the country ’ s West and the mythology of the American cowboy, Pollock often seemed to be forgiven for his crude behaviour. Some observers might even say that the tolerance extended to his reckless drunken driving, if not also to its ultimate consequences. Minutes before his death while driving drunk, a policeman who knew Pollock would unfortunately overlook his drunken state. Like some of the rough-edged characters of Western fiction, Pollock would live out a boisterous and often crude Wild West spirit, especially in the bars of Lower Manhattan.
Meanwhile, his brilliant art would intoxicate sophisticated viewers in the world ’ s most civilised museums. In fact, the art world would be influenced forever by Pollock ’ s unique, important and indelible contribution. Even during his lifetime, Pollock had become the new benchmark to which the art world would refer, as they began to consider modern art as ‘ before, ’ and contemporary art as ‘ with ’ or ‘ after ’ Pollock.

Pre-adolescence and first artistic notions

In 1922, Jackson ’ s father moved the family again to another farm at Orland, California. The next year they moved to a farm near Phoenix, Arizona. Jackson attended the Monroe Elementary School there, but he stayed for only a few weeks.
7. The Mad Moon Woman , 1941.
Oil on canvas, 100.3 x 74.9 cm,
Private Collection.
8. The She-Wolf , 1943.
Oil, gouache and plaster on canvas,
106.4 x 170.2 cm,
The Museum of Modern Art, New York.


He visited Native American reservations with his brothers for the first time. Soon thereafter, he was initiated into the traditions of Indian culture. He saw how the native artists integrated raw materials into their painting and other art. Their works were typically abstract or at least included abstract designs. Moreover, they worked on areas which were flat to the ground.
Eighteen years later, Pollock would visit an exhibit titled Indian Art of the United States at The Museum of Modern Art (henceforth referred to as MoMA) where he observed how Navajo artists made sand paintings on the floor. He would refer to both of those experiences ten years later, when asked about the origins of his famous technique of gestural painting.
At an age when most American high school seniors were still considering college or several possible careers after years of education, Pollock already knew that classes in art, especially in drawing and sculpture, were preparing him for his future career. However, he admitted in letters to his brothers that he was filled with doubt and lacked self-confidence.