100 Years of the International Confederation of Midwives

Joyce Thompson

Description

Midwives are essential for healthy nations! This narrative 'herstory' uncovers some of the mysteries and challenges during the past 100 years that surrounded a beleaguered profession and its global organisation, the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM). It tells the story of the power that a unified force of strong women leading the ICM and its midwifery associations did for Safe Motherhood and empowering women throughout the world. Their efforts resulted in today's ICM being a vital standard-setting group for midwives and a respected advocate for the sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescents and women, for healthy mothers and newborns, and, globally, for healthy nations.

Sujets

• Midwifery

Informations

• Publié par: Distributed by eBookpartnership
• Date de parution: 04 octobre 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781839525308
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

100 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF MIDWIVES
First published 2022
Copyright © Joyce E Thompson, Joan Walker, Ann M Thomson & Margaret H Peters 2022
The right of Joyce E Thompson, Joan Walker, Ann M Thomson & Margaret H Peters to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright holder.
Published under licence by Brown Dog Books and The Self-Publishing Partnership Ltd, 10b Greenway Farm, Bath Rd, Wick, nr. Bath BS30 5RL
www.selfpublishingpartnership.co.uk

ISBN printed book: 978-1-83952-529-2
ISBN e-book: 978-1-83952-530-8
Cover design by Kevin Rylands
Internal design by Andrew Easton
Printed and bound in the UK
This book is printed on FSC certified paper
100 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF MIDWIVES
EMPOWERING MIDWIVES AND EMPOWERING WOMEN
1922–2022
Joyce E Thompson Joan Walker Ann M Thomson Margaret H Peters
Dedication of the Book
This book is dedicated to the midwives and women of the world, the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) and its member associations, the ICM’s Partners, and others interested in global midwifery. It is also written In Memoriam to all those wise women and midwives on whose shoulders we, the authors, stand.
100 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF MIDWIVES
EMPOWERING MIDWIVES AND EMPOWERING WOMEN
1922–2022
Joyce E Thompson
Regional Representative,
Deputy Director & Director 1990–2005
International Confederation of Midwives
International Midwifery Consultant
Michigan, USA
Joan Walker
Secretary General 1990–1998
International Confederation of Midwives
International Midwifery Consultant
Reading, UK
Ann M Thomson
Professor (Emerita) of Midwifery
University of Manchester
Former Editor Midwifery
Margaret H Peters
President,
Deputy Director & Director 1981–1999
International Confederation of Midwives
Melbourne, Australia
Contributing Authors
Franka Cadée
President 2017–2023
International Confederation of Midwives
The Netherlands
Chapter 18
Katherine A Dawley
Midwife Historian
Philadelphia,
PA, USA
Chapter 2
Karen Guilliland
Regional Representative
International Confederation of Midwives
Midwifery Consultant
New Zealand College of Midwives
Chapter 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Librarians/Archivists
Archivists at the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
Gertrude M Ayerle: Assisted in locating paper about the 1900 conference
Jan Ayres, Librarian (retired), Photographer
British Library Staff
Jill Caughley, researching history ICN in 2007 who sent key WHO documents to JET
Mary Dharmachandran, Librarian at the Royal College of Midwives
Wellcome Collection Archivists and Library staff: Obtained ICM files from catalogued and uncatalogued sources and assisted Joan Walker whilst she worked in the library.
Interviewees/Contributors 1
All the Midwives of the world who met with the Authors since 2014 2
The ICM Headquarters’ Staff
Roa Altaweli (Saudi Arabia): ICM Eastern Mediterranean Regional Representative
Sabaratnam Arulkumaran: FIGO
Ruth Ashton (UK): ICM Treasurer
Luc de Bernis: WHO, FIGO
Judith Marie Brown (Australia): ICM Deputy Director, Director Board of Management
Franka Cadée (The Netherlands): ICM President
Kim Campbell (British Columbia): ICM Treasurer, ICM Council member
Karin Christiani (Sweden): Director, ICM Board of Management
Alicia Cillo (Argentina): ICM Regional Representative
Dame Karlene Davis (UK): ICM Appointed President
Frances Day-Stirk (UK): ICM President
Jemima Dennis-Antwi (Ghana): ICM Anglophone Africa Regional Representative
Elizabeth Duff (UK): Editor of ICM newsletter
Vincent Fauveau: UNFPA
Judith Fullerton (USA): Consultant ICM Essential Competencies process
Frances Ganges (USA): ICM Secretary General/Executive Officer
German Midwives Association: Ingela Wiklund
Pandora Hartmann (USA): ICM Americas Regional Representative
Kathy Herschderfer (The Netherlands): ICM Secretary General
Petra ten Hoope-Bender (Netherlands): ICM Secretary General
Nicola King: Indexer
Ann Kinnear (Australia): Western Pacific Regional Representative
Anneka Knutsson: SIDA, UNFPA
Junko Kondo (Japan): ICM Asia-Pacific Regional Representative
Barbara E Kwast (Netherlands): WHO staff and ICM Liaison
Jerker Liljestrand: FIGO
Bridget Lynch (Ontario): ICM President
Nester T Moyo (Zimbabwe): ICM Programme Manager
Sandra Oyarzo (Chile): ICM Americas Regional Representative, ICM Vice President
Judith Oulton (Geneva): Executive Director, International Council of Nurses
Sally Pairman (New Zealand): ICM Chief Executive
Anja Peters (Germany): Author of IMU President Nanna Conti’s biography
Leah Phillips (UK): Timeline graphic
Julie Berry Foster (USA) Graphic Designer at Printex printing and graphics
Frances Prior-Reeves: Brown Dog Books Managing editor
Khama Rogo: World Bank; Co-Chair PSMNH
Anita Román (Chile): Latin American midwifery perspective
Kerri Schuiling (USA): Story of International Journal of Childbirth
Gloria Seguranyes (Spain): ICM European Regional Representative
Della Sherratt (UK): WHO staff and ICM liaison; Interim ICM Secretary
General Ann Starrs: Family Care International
Sister Anne Thompson (UK): ICM Treasurer, provided 75th ICM anniversary documents
Kim Updegrove (USA): Story of first ICM website
Paul Van Look: WHO
Caroline Weaver (Australia): ICM Appointed President
Reviewers
Roa Altaweli
Ruth Ashton
Franka Cadée
Frances Day-Stirk
Jemima Dennis-Antwi
Elizabeth Duff
Barbara Kwast
Bridget Lynch
Nester Moyo
Sandra Oyarzo
Sally Pairman
Della Sherratt
Ingela Wiklund

Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Recurring Abbreviations
Preface by Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal
Foreword
Section I: Birth, Rebirth and Organisation of the ICM
Chapter 1: Introduction
a. Centuries of Midwifery Care
b. Approach to a Century of Collaboration and Empowerment Within the ICM
c. Key Themes During ICM’s 100-Year Journey
d. The Legacy of the ICM
e. Summary
Chapter 2: Gender, Socio-Economic Status and Racial Influences on the ICM’s Development
a. Introduction
b. Suffrage, Women Workers and Their Rights
c. Feminism, Social Class and Midwifery
d. Post-World Wars Concerns for Mothers and Babies
e. Socio-economic Status of Women Affecting the ICM
f. Gender-Based Decision Making
g. Changing Global Trends
h. Summary
Chapter 3: Birth of a Global Midwifery Organisation: The International Midwives’ Union
a. Introduction
b. European Midwives’ Efforts to Meet
i. Development of Midwifery Associations prior to 1922
ii. Local, National and International Midwifery Meetings prior to 1922
c. Overview of the International Midwives’ Union
d. When Did the IMU Begin?
e. What Was the Name of the Organisation?
i. What Did the Midwife Do?
f. What Was the Purpose of the Organisation?
g. How Did the IMU Function?
i. Secretariat
ii. Governance
iii. Subsequent Regulations
iv. Officers of the International Midwives’ Union
v. IMU Affiliated Midwifery Associations/Members
vi. Finances of the IMU
h. Conferences/Congresses/Meetings
i. Involvement of Obstetricians in the IMU
i. Midwives for Peace and Healthy Mothers and Babies
j. Summary
Chapter 4: Rebirth of IMU as the ICM
a. Introduction
b. Call for Rebirth of IMU
i. 1949 IFMO Meeting
ii. 1953 IFMO Meeting
c. WHO Expert Committee on Midwifery Training, July 1954
d. The ICM Congress in London: 4–11 September 1954
e. ICM Council Decisions 1954
f. 1955–1956 ICM Activities
g. The ICM Admitted into Official Relations with the World Health Organization – 1957
h. Other Early Partnerships
i. ICM World Congress in Stockholm – 1957
j. Summary
Chapter 5: ICM’s Constitutional Mandates and Structure
a. Introduction
b. Aims and Objects of the IMU/ICM Over Time (Purpose)
c. Major Constitutional Mandate Changes
i. The ICM Structure 1954–1981
ii. The ICM Structure 1981–2008
d. ICM Byelaws
e. Constitutional Mandates/Powers Affecting the Structure of the ICM
i. ICM Board: Qualifications and Responsibilities
ii. Responsibilities of the Board of Management (BoM)
iii. Executive Committee 1954–1981–2017; The Board 2017–present
iv. Responsibilities of the Executive Committee
f. Governance of the Confederation – the ICM Council
i. The ICM Structure from 2023
g. Actions and Responsibilities of the Council
i. Criteria for ICM Membership
ii. Setting Global Midwifery Policies and Standards
iii. Selection of Host Associations for Congresses
iv. The ICM Secretariat
v. Responsibilities of the Secretariat
h. Summary
Chapter 6: The Search for Financial Stability/Viability
a. Overview
b. Sources of ICM Income
i. Membership/Capitation Fees
ii. Congress Fees and Sharing of Proceeds/Profits from ICM Activities
iii. Core Funding
iv. Project Funding
v. Special Funds
c. Financial Support for Member Associations and Midwives
i. Support for Council and Congress Participation
d. Recurring Expenditures
e. Financial Ups and Downs
i. 1970s
ii. 1980s
iii. 1990s
iv. 2000s
v. 2010s
vi. 2020s
f. Summary
Chapter 7: Support of ICM Business by the Secretariat
a. Introduction
b. The ICM Secretariat (Headquarters/Head Office)
i. Geographical Locations
ii. Leadership of the Secretariat
iii. Work of the Secretariat
iv. Ongoing Work
v. Staffing the Secretariat
c. Communication with Member Associations
i. Phone, Facsimile and Courier
ii. Newsletters
d. The International Journal of Childbirth
e. The ICM Websites
f. Representation of the ICM
g. Summary
Section II: ICM: A CATALYST FOR GLOBAL RESPECT FOR MIDWI