The educational imagination is the capacity to think critically beyond our located, daily experiences of education. It breaks away from the immediacy of personal understanding by placing education within wider, deeper and longer contexts. Boundaries of the Educational Imagination develops the educational imagination by answering six questions: What happens when we expand continuously outwards from one school to all the schools of the world?; What happens if we go inside a school and explore how its material equipment has changed over the past 300 years?; What is the smallest educational unit in our brain and how does it allow an almost infinite expansion of knowledge?; What is the highest level of individual development we can teach students to aspire towards?; What role does education play in a world that is producing more and more complex knowledge increasingly quickly?; How do small knowledge elements combine to produce increasingly complex knowledge forms? Each question goes on a journey towards limit points in education so that educational processes can be placed within a bigger framework that allows new possibilities, fresh options and more critical engagement. These questions are then pulled together into a structuring framework enabling the reader to grasp how this complex subject works.
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Extrait
w a y n e h u g o boundaries of the educationalimagination
Boundarîes o the Educatîona ïmagînatîon
WAY N E H U G O
AFRïCAN MïNDS
Pubîshed în 2015 by Arîcan Mînds 4 Ecceston Pace, Somerset West, 7130, Cape Town, South Arîca îno@arîcanmînds.org.za www.arîcanmînds.org.za
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Contents
ïntroductîon 1
Chapter 1A the schoos o the word 12
Chapter 246Unpackîng cassrooms
Chapter 366How the ‘braîn’ earns
Chapter 4101Chartîng the space between demons and anges
Chapter 5121Hîstory o the word în a chîd
Chapter 6From one-word cassroom to one earnîng sequence 140
Chapter 7156Concusîon: exercîsîng the educatîona îmagînatîon
Reerences 168
Endnotes 172
ADEA BRïCS HDï ïQ LEDC MEDC MîRTLE MïT MïT SACMEQ
TED UNE UNESCO
Abbreviations
Assocîatîon or the Deveopment o Educatîon în Arîca Brazî, Russîa, ïndîa, Chîna and South Arîca human deveopment îndex înteîgence quotîent ess economîcay deveoped countrîes more economîcay deveoped countrîes mîxed reaîty teachîng and earnîng envîronment Massachusetts ïnstîtute o Technoogy mutîpe înteîgence theory SouthernandEasternArîcanConsortîumorMonîtorîngEducatîon Quaîty Technoogy, Entertaînment, Desîgn Unîversîty o New Engand Unîted Natîons Economîc, Socîa and Cutura Organîsatîon
v
Introduction
The educatîona îmagînatîon îs not ree to wander and drît wîthout dîscîpîne. ït has to work wîth what îs specîIcay educatîona, earn to push îts boundarîes, twîst and eap wîthîn and beyond îts rues în ways that îumînate. There îs a dîscîpîne to the educatîona îmagînatîon and thîs book sets out to make expîcît îts buîdîng bocks and processes, as we as demonstrate ît în actîon. To stretch the educatîona îmagînatîon means Irst beîng abe to recognîse îts boundarîes. We can start întuîtîvey wîth a natura eve o ocus: a teacher wîth earners în a cassroom workîng through a esson. The probem îs that we quîcky Ind ourseves în a kînd o Russîan do sîtuatîon: dos wîthîn dos wîthîn dos. ït îs hard to work out what the bîggest and smaest dos shoud be and how they a reate în educatîona terms. The cassroom îs part o a schoo wîthîn a dîstrîct. Learners are în a grade: et’s take grade 6 as a mîdde poînt. A more compex grade awaîts them and a sîmper grade îs aready competed. They are în stages o deveopment wîth înteectua, înguîstîc, emotîona, mora, aesthetîc and physîca dîmensîons that are not necessarîy harmonîsed; and they îve wîthîn dîferent communîtîes revovîng around amîy and rîends. The teacher îs eîther stî înexperîenced în her specîaîsatîon, experîenced, or an expert carryîng a the traces o her own educatîona experîences. The esson has îts eementary components and îs a part o a arger subject currîcuum that îs sequenced or încreasîng compexîty. ït îs aso ocated în a day that has moved rom a prevîous esson towards another esson or break. At îts sîmpestBoundarîes o the Educatîona ïmagînatîonasks you to contînuousy move between arger and smaer sets whîst ookîng or connectîons and înks. We can catch these eementary operatîons dîagrammatîcay. Dos wîthîn dos wîthîn dos (Igure î.1): the argest încudes the smaest. The educatîona îmagînatîon has to earn how to cîmb through these eves rom smaest to argest, rom concrete to abstract, rom partîcuar to genera, rom part to whoe.
1
Boundarîes o the Educatîona ïmagînatîon
Hierarchical
Fîgure î.1 ïncusîve hîerarchîca eves
Dos wîthîn dos wîthîn dos are înked together în compex patterns (Igure î.2). The educatîona îmagînatîon has to earn how to negotîate the dîferences and înter-reatîonshîps between dîferent systems.
Heterarchical Fîgure î.2 Dîferent sets o hîerarchîca eves connected together
The patterns sketched out above contînue to expand outwards, upwards, înwards and downwards. The schoo dîstrîct expands outwards to provînce, country, subcontînent and contînent; deveopîng or deveoped regîon; east or west, north or south; and on a goba scae. The schoo aso exîsts în a space that expands outwards to the suburb, communîty and ocaîty wîth a the compexîtîes o cass, race, gender and cuture attached. The teacher brîngs more than her growîng expertîse: she has networks that operate across the grades she teaches, the subjects she specîaîses în, the admînîstratîve and eadershîp roes she occupîes, and the proessîona bodîes to whîch she beongs. Her pedagogy îs a mîxture o deep habîts deveoped over her own engthy perîod în schoo as a earner, the practîces encouraged as she specîaîsed în the proessîon and the embedded tradîtîons o