A Comparative Vocabulary Study Guide

Robert O'Brian

Description

A Comparative Vocabulary Study Guide: Spanish to English to Portuguese to Chinese is a four language vocabulary guide highlighting over 5,000 selected Spanish words that have either the same spelling and meaning as their English and Portuguese language counterparts or contain easily recognizable English and Portuguese meanings with a comparison to their Chinese language equivalents.

Sujets

• Dictionaries
• Dictionary

Informations

• Publié par: First Edition Design Publishing
• Date de parution: 01 mars 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781622875443
• Langue: Español

Extrait

A Comparative Vocabulary Study Guide Spanish to Portuguese to English to Chinese
Robert O'Brian


First Edition Design Publishing, Inc.
A Comparative
Vocabulary Study Guide
Spanish to Portuguese to English to Chinese

Una Guía de Estudios Comparativa del Vocabulario
Español, Portugués, Inglés y Chino

Highlighting over 5,000 selected Spanish words that have
either the same spelling and meaning as their English
and Portuguese language counterparts or contain easily
recognizable English and Portuguese meanings,
followed by their Chinese language equivalents.

Destacando más de 5,000 palabras seleccionadas en
Español que tienen, ya sea la misma ortografía y
significado que su contraparte en Inglés y Portugués
fácilmente reconocibles, seguido por sus
equivalentes en idioma Chino.
Destacando mais de 5.000 palavras selecionadas
em Espanhol que tem a mesma ortografia e
significado como a sua contraparte em Inglês
e Português facilmente reconhecível, seguido
por seus equivalentes da língua Chinesa.


精选 5000 个西班牙语词汇，这些词或者有与英语和葡萄要语对应的相同的拼写和意思， 或者包含了容易识别的英语和葡萄牙语的含义，均附有中文的解释。


Robert D. O’Brian
Melbourne, Florida
2013
The contents of this work including, but not limited to, the accuracy of events, people, and places depicted; opinions expressed; permission to use previously published materials included; and any advice given or actions advocated are solely the responsibility of the author, who assumes all liability for said work and indemnifies the publisher against any claims stemming from publication of the work.
To Dennis M. O’Brian, Ph.D., M.B.A., M.A., M.S.

With special thanks to Maria Cristina Campos,
Jin Ji ( 计瑾 ) and Mechel Pavlishin
A Comparative Vocabulary Study Guide
Spanish to Portuguese to English to Chinese
Copyright ©2014 Robert D. O’Brian

ISBN 978-1622-875-44-3 EBOOK

February 2014

Published and Distributed by
First Edition Design Publishing, Inc.
P.O. Box 20217, Sarasota, FL 34276-3217
www.firsteditiondesignpublishing.com



ALL R I G H T S R E S E R V E D. No p a r t o f t h i s b oo k pub li ca t i o n m a y b e r e p r o du ce d, s t o r e d i n a r e t r i e v a l s y s t e m , o r t r a n s mit t e d i n a ny f o r m o r by a ny m e a ns ─ e l e c t r o n i c , m e c h a n i c a l , p h o t o - c o p y , r ec o r d i n g, or a ny o t h e r ─ e x ce pt b r i e f qu ot a t i o n i n r e v i e w s , w i t h o ut t h e p r i o r p e r mi ss i on o f t h e a u t h o r or publisher .

PRINT VERSION

Copyright © 2013 by Robert D. O'Brian
Published by
NewBookPublishing.com, a division of Reliance Media, Inc.
515 Cooper Commerce Dr., #140, Apopka, FL 32703
NewBookPublishing.com

Printed in the United States of America
Introduction


This is a four language vocabulary guide highlighting over 5,000 selected Spanish words that have either the same spelling and meaning as their English and Portuguese language counterparts or contain easily recognizable English and Portuguese meanings with a comparison to their Chinese language equivalents.


Spanish is the language base for this guide. Each Spanish listing is capitalized and followed by its Portuguese and English language equivalents. The Chinese language equivalents appear beneath. The Portuguese appears in uncapitalized bold lettering while the English is uncapitalized.


All Spanish words are given the general or specific meanings of Spanish currently spoken in Argentina; the Portuguese to coastal Brazil. Spanish is the language to which the English definitions and the equivalent Portuguese are compared. The Chinese is matched to English definitions.


This guide is alphabetical, A through Z, with each letter comprising a separate listing, further divided into three sections: words that are interchangeable; nouns, adjectives and adverbs that contain easily recognizable and equivalent meanings; and verbs with easily recognizable and equivalent meanings. Not all possible words that fit this guide’s purpose are listed. Only the most obvious and useful words were selected.


The English language equivalents are listed in a range of meanings with the closest in meaning listed first. The Chinese language equivalents are also listed by all relevant meanings. The Chinese is shown in both pinyin and Chinese characters. Because of the geographical diversity over which Standard Chinese is spoken there had to be a choice between forms of words. The choices of form are those which are more acceptable or those which are more widely used. This is especially true when more than one tonal form (or neutral tone) is acceptable for a word. The author gave preference to those forms which are more widely used, with some allowance for certain forms that are more acceptable.


Following are pronunciation guides for Spanish, English, Portuguese and Chinese.
Spanish Pronunciation Guide for English speakers

The vowels a , e , and o are "strong" vowels, i and u are "weak". When two vowels fall together the following applies: if the word has an accent mark, then that syllable is stressed ( c ó ncavo, enfermer í a ) ; a weak + strong combination belongs to one syllable with the stress falling on the strong vowel ( c a uto, cali e nte ) ; a weak + weak combination belongs to one syllable with the stress falling on the second vowel ( constr u ir, cu i dado ); and, a strong + strong combination is divided into two syllables ( aca-rre- ar , co- rre -a).
A : as the a in f a ther
B,v : when found at the beginning of a word or following a consonant, these are pronounced as a b . Otherwise, they have a sound which falls somewhere between the English b and v sounds.
C : before a consonant or a , o , or u , as the c in c at ; before e or i as an s
CH : as the ch in ch ur ch
D : as the English d except between vowels and following l or n where it is pronounced as the th in th is
E : for a syllable ending in a vowel, as the e in th e y ; for a syllable ending in a consonant, as the e in g e t
F : as the f in f or
G : before e or i , as the Spanish j ; otherwise as the g in g et
H : silent
I : as i in mach i ne
J : as an h but stronger; silent when at the end of a word
K : as the k in k ilo
L : as an l in l ee
LL : as the y in y ou . However, in Argentina it is pronounced as sh in sh oe
M : as an m in m other
N : as an n ; except where it appears before a v , as an m
Ñ : as the n in o n ion
O : for a syllable ending in a vowel, as the o in v o te ; for a syllable ending in a consonant, as the o in p o t
P : as a p in p ot
Q : as a k ; always followed by a silent u
R : pronounced with a strong trill at the beginning of a word and following an l , n , or s ; very little trill when at the end of a word; and medium trill in other positions
RR : strongly trilled
S : before consonants b , d , g , l , m , n , as a z ; otherwise as an s
T : as a t
U : as the u in r u le ; silent after q and in the groups gue and gui
V : see b , v
W : usually pronounced as a v
X : when between vowels, as the x in bo x ; before a consonant, as an s
Y : when used as a vowel, such as in the words y and voy , it is pronounced as the Spanish i . As a consonant it is pronounced as Y in y es
Z : as an s
English Pronunciation Guide for Spanish speakers
Algunas letras en Inglés tienen varias formas de pronunciación. Los sonidos proporcionados en Español son sólo una aproximación.
A = a como en a rco - c a r
e como e co - m a ny
(antes de consonante + e final) - ei como en p ei ne - f a te
(entre consonantes) - ai como ei en p ei ne - r ai n
au similar a la a de b a ta - c au se

B = como en b om b a - b oy

C = (antes de a, o, u ) - como en c ama - c at
(antes de e, i ) - como en c ena - c ereal
ch como en ch eque - ch eck

D = como en d oble - D avid
dge como en y a - knowle dge

E = entre “a” y “e” - th a nks
e como en e star - l e t
i como en c i nco - h e , b e
(final de monosílabo) - iu como en d iu rno - n ew , f ew
(final de la palabra) - (muda) - fin e , liv e
(antes de t, d ) - ea como i en r i val - r ea d, ea t
ea como ei en r ey- gr ea t
ea como e en e rror - sw ea ter
(después de consonante) - ee como i en k i lo - b ee , s ee
ei como i en n i do - n ei ther
ei como ei en p ei ne - ei ght

F = como en f allo - f ace

G = (antes de a, o, u ) - como en g ato - g ame
(antes de e, i ) - entre “ ch ” y “ y ” - George
(al final de palabra) - gh se pronuncia f como en f aro – lau gh
gh (es muda) - gh ost

H = (como en j suave) - g ente, j aula - h ome

I = i (pero más relajada) - s i ster
(final de la sílaba) - ai como en v ai na - h i
i como en n i ño - mar i ne
ie como i en n i do - f ie ld
ie como en ai en v ai na - p ie

J = como en y a (entre “ ch ” y “ y ”) - j aguar

K = (antes de n ) - como en c ama - k eep
(es muda) - k nown

L = como en l imón - l imb
ll como “ l ” en catá l ogo - vi ll a

M = como en m adre - m ail

N = como en n ada - n ever

O = (entre consonantes) - a como en h a bl a - n o t
(después de d, t ) - u como en u so - t o , d o
au como en L au ra - h o w
(final de la palabra) - o alargada “ ou ” - hell o
(entre consonante y t final) - oa como o ( pero más alargada) - c oa t
oo como en u en p u lso - f oo d
oo como en u en p u lso (pero más relajada) – g oo d
ou como en u en p u lso – y ou
ou como au en L au ra – r ou nd
ou como en a (pero más relajada) - t ou gh

P = como en p obre - sto p
ph como f en f oca - tele ph one

Q = qu como en cu al - qu ack

R = como en ra r o - r ace

S = (principio o final de sílaba) - como en s iempre - s ame
(entre vocales) - como en z umbido - ro s e
(antes de ure ) - ¡ sh hh! - s ure
sh como en ¡ sh hh! - sh oes

T = (principio o final de sílaba) - como en t area - t op, correc t
(antes de ion ) - ¡ sh hh! - condi t ion
(antes de ure ) - como en mu ch o - na t ure