English-isiZulu / isiZulu-English Dictionary

Mzilikazi Khumalo, D. M. Malcolm, Benedict Wallet Vilakazi, C.M. Doke

Description

The first the English and Zulu Dictionary dictionary was published in 1958 by Wits Unviersity Press and compiled by C.M. Doke and B.W. Vilakazi, intended as a companion to the Zulu-English Dictionary compiled by Doke and Vilakazi (first published 1948 by Wits University Press). The first combined edition with English-isiZulu / isiZulu-English was published in 1990 and remains the definitive authority. A vised isiZulu orthography is introduced in this Fourth Edition in line with the approved PanSALB (2008) orthography revisions undertaken under the auspices and control of the Wits Language Centre, Johannesburg.

Sujets

• Multi-Language Dictionaries
• Dictionaries
• Reference
• Dictionary

Informations

• Publié par: WITS University Press
• Date de parution: 01 mai 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781868147397
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 14 Mo

Extrait

ENGLISH – isiZULU
isiZULU – ENGLISH
DICTIONARYENGLISH – isiZULU
isiZULU – ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
COMPILED BY
C M DOKE • D M MALCOLM
J MASIKAKANA • B WVILAKAZI
FOURTH EDITION
WITH REVISED ORTHOGRAPHYPublished in SouthAfrica by:
Wits University Press
1 Jan SmutsAvenue
Johannesburg
www.witspress.co.za
© Wits University Press 2014
First published 2014
ISBN 978-1-86814-739-7
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise,withoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof
the CopyrightAct,Act 98 of 1978.
First Combined Edition 1990
Reprinted 1996 1996
Reprinted 2005 2006
Reprinted 2008 2010
Reprinted 2014
Orthography revision by Wits Language School
Typeset by CBTTypesetting & Design CC
Cover design by Hothouse, South Africa
Printed by Interpak BooksCONTENTS
1. PREFATORYNOTE......... vii
2. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION...... vii
ORTHOGRAPHY .......... vii
3. PREFACE TO THE COMBINED EDITION
3.1 ORTHOGRAPHY viii
3.2 AN INTERPRETATION OF DOKE’S TONE MARKING SYSTEM . . viii
3.3 PREFATORY NOTE TO PARTI ....... x
3.4 KEY TO PRONUNCIATION........ xiii
3.5 NOTE ON ZULU ORTHOGRAPHY xiv
3.6 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PARTI ...... xv
3.7 INTRODUCTION:
PREPARATION.......... xvii
METHOD OF ENTRY......... xviii
ORTHOGRAPHY xx
INDICATION OF TONE ........ xxi
PUBLICATIONS CONSULTED ....... xxii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xxii
3.8 PREFATORYNOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION . . . xxiii
NOTE I: THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ZULU LANGUAGE . . xxiv
NOTE II: THEALPHABET AND PHONETIC SYSTEM OF ZULU . . xxiv
NOTE III: THE PARTS OF SPEECH IN ZULU .... xxvi
NOTE IV: THE NOUN CLASSES IN ZULU..... xxvi
NOTE V: TABLE OF CONCORDS IN ZULU xxvii
NOTE VI: PALATALIZATION IN ZULU xviii
NOTE VII: NASALIZATION AND NASAL CHANGES IN ZULU . . xxix
NOTE VIII: DEFINITIONS ....... xxxi
NOTE IX: ABBREVIATIONS xxxvi
NOTE X: SIGNS......... xxxvii
4. ENGLISH–isiZULU DICTIONARY ...... 1
5. isiZULU–ENGLISHY 417
v1. PREFATORYNOTE
When the English and Zulu Dictionary (Doke, Malcom and Sikakana) was published in
1958, the compilers intended it as a companion to the Zulu-English Dictionary compiled
byDokeandVilakazi(firstpublished1948;SecondEdition1953).Thesetwodictionaries
have long been recognised as the standard works in their field. They provide an
invaluable resource for students of isiZulu, for isiZulu-speaking students of English, and
for linguists working in the isiZulu language. For the first time in 1990, the
WitwatersrandUniversityPresspublishedbothdictionariesinasinglevolume,withtheir
original prefatory material. Both dictionaries have now been revised and updated for this
fourth edition. The publishers are convinced that these invaluable works must be kept in
print and made available to readers in the most accessible form. The 1990 Preface by
Professor J. Khumalo is included in this edition in order to update the tone markings, but
the orthography has been revised as described in the preface. Included in this revised
edition are the historical prefaces and introduction. These reflect the development of the
dictionary and have not been altered to preserve a sense of continuity. The revision of
someaspectsoftheorthographywasundertakenundertheauspicesoftheWitsLanguage
School.
2. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION
ORTHOGRAPHY
A newly revised isiZulu orthography has been introduced in this Fourth Edition in line
with the approved PanSALB (2008) orthography.
1. b has given way to bh when used at the beginning of a syllable, but remains as b
whenitappearsinacluster.Examplesareibhokisi,umbhali,imbelekoandizimbali.
2. W has now given way to b.
3. The phonetic symbol for c is now indicated as [/], rather than Doke’s [sk].
4. The for q is now [!], no longer Doke’s [ck].
5. The phonetic symbol for x is now [//]. No the Dokean [bk].
6. Dokes’hh is now used in the new orthography. Examples are ihhashi and ihhotela.
7. The hyphen that separated the parts of speech forming a compound in isiZulu has
beenremoved.Examplesareububhaxa-bhaxa>ububhaxabhaxa;umqoqi-zitembu>
umqoqizitembu and ubucwazi-cwazi > ubucwazicwazi.
8. Vowels that were following each other have now been separated by a hyphen. An
example is waseAfrika > wase-Afrika.
9. Capital letters, especially for days of the week and names of regiments, have been
corrected, for example umsombuluko > uMsombuluko; imBokodwebomvu >
iMbokodwebomvu.
10. Demonstrative pronouns and the nouns have been separated. For example, lomuntu
is now lo muntu, lesisithombe is now lesi sithombe. Where these were separated by
a hyphen, the hyphen has now been removed.
11. Some words that are not politically correct have been removed or corrected. For
example,Amakula abhansela bonke abathenga kuwo >AmaNdiya abhansela bonke
abathenga kuwo; Kaffircorn porridge (idokwe lamabele) > corn porridge (idokwe
lamabele).
vii3. PREFACE TO THE COMBINED EDITION
3.1 ORTHOGRAPHY
ArevisedZuluorthographywasintroducedafterthepublicationoftheSecondEditionof
the Zulu-English Dictionary. Although the English-Zulu Dictionary conforms to the
modern orthography, the user of this combined dictionary will need to be aware of these
orthographic changes in order to use the Zulu-English Dictionary.
1. b has given way to bh when used at the beginning of a syllable, but remains as b
when it appears in a cluster, for example, mb.
2. b has now given way to b.
3. The phonetic symbol for c is now indicated as [/], rather than Doke’s [sk].
4. Doke’s hh is now used in the new orthography.
5. The phonetic symbol for q is now [!], no longer Doke’s [ck].
6. The for x is now [//], no the Dokean [bk].
N.B. In the new orthography rules, the demonstrative is written as a separate word.
Doke’s lomuntu, leyanto, lezo-zinto, described in the Introduction to the Zulu-English
Dictionary , are therefore now written as lo muntu, leyo nto, lowo muntu, lezo zinto.
3.2 AN INTERPRETATION OF DOKE’S TONE MARKING SYSTEM
It is not possible to convert all the tone points Doke indicates in his dictionary to
systematic phonetic or phonological tones. The reason is that these nine tones that Doke
employsrepresenttheabsolutepitchthathisZuluconsultantsemployedinproducingthe
words on the day of the recording. It is a well-known fact that pitch ranges differ in
individual voices, and also that the pitch range in the same voice may change depending
on one’s state of health or even as a result of one’s emotional state. Too many variables
enterintotheinterpretationoftheabsolutepitchofthesyllablesofthewordsrecordedon
any particular day, and this makes it impossible to give such absolute pitch any accurate
systematic phonetic or phonological interpretation.
But we have come a long way from Doke’s times when “no satisfactory method of
recordingthetonesofZulu”hadyetbeendevised.WenowknowforcertainthatZuluhas
two phonological tones, namely high and low, and that these tones sometimes cluster to
form the high-low tone cluster. It is these phonological tones that we now employ for
indicatingtoneinZulu.Weusethesigns’,‘and^toindicatethehightone,thelowtone
and the high-low tone cluster respectively. Our study of the phonetic tones of Zulu has
alsoenabledustoidentifytheenvironmentsthatconditionsuchtones.Usingour
present understanding of the phonetic and phonolgical tones of Zulu we can offer an
interpretation that will account for the phonetic and phonological status of the great
majority of the tone heights employed by Doke in this dictionary.
Dokeidentifiestwotypesoftones,namelylevelandglidingtones.Thelatterhefurther
breaks down to rising, falling and rising-falling tones. All these different tones are
phonetic tones whose environments we have how determined. Let us start with gliding
tones:
(A) GLIDING TONES
(1) The rising tone results when a high tone is coarticulated with a depressor.
(RegulardepressorsinZuluarethefollowingconsonantsandthenasalclustersin
viiiPREFACE TO THE COMBINED EDITION ix
which they occur: bh, d, g, gc, gq, gx, v, z, dl, hh, and j. In special environments,
depression in certain resonants is either lexically or gramatically determined.)
Rising tones therefore may be considered allotones of the high tone conditioned
by depression: e.g. hlanza (6. 6–3) — hlànzá (There is no systematic explanation
for the few examples in Doke where the rising tone occurs in a syllable without
depression or where a level, instead of a rising high, tone occurs in a depressed
syllable.)
(2) Falling tones have two sources:
(a) Afalling tone may be a phonological low tone on a long vowel, assimilating
to a preceding high tone: e.g. amafa (3. 3–5. 4) — ámà:fá
(b) A falling tone may also represent the high-low tone cluster, which also can
only be realized on a long vowel: e.g. isibuko (2.4.3–8.9)—ísìbú:kò
The following examples illustrate that from the tone marking in the dictionary
there is no way of distinguishing the two types of falling tones:
insimu (3.3–8.9) – ínsî:mù (field)
imfene – ímfè:nè (baboon)
impande (2.2–8.9) – ímpâ:ndè (root)
iphupho – íphù:phò (dream)
(3) Therising-fallingtoneresultswhenthehigh-lowtoneclusteriscoarticulatedwith
a syllable incorporating a depressor (i.e. the high tone component of the cluster is
realized as a rising tone, as in (1) above): e.g. imbuzi (3. 8–3–8. 9) — ímbû:zì
(B) LEVELTONES
Level tones may therefore be described as high and low tones which occur
“elsewhere”.
This completes our discussion of the phonetic tones of Zulu as represented in Doke’s
dictionary.Nowhereareafewhintsontheinterpretationofthephonologicaltonesinthe
dictionary:
(1) Normally, in a sequence of two tones, if the second tone is higher in pitch, then it
isthephonologicalhightone,andtheprecedingtoneisthephonologicallowtone:
e.g. umuntu (3.2.9)—ùmúntù
(2) In a sequence of two tones, if the second tone is lower in pitch, it may be the
phonological low tone or the downstepped high tone: e.g. insambatheka
(2.4.6.3.9) — ín!sámbàthékà
(3) Dokean Tone 2 always stands for a hig