Nommer la ségrégation en sociolinguistique urbaine
128 pages
Français

Nommer la ségrégation en sociolinguistique urbaine , livre ebook

-

128 pages
Français

Description

Le présent recueil centré sur la mise en mots de la ségrégation en situation urbanisée tente de rendre compte de la complexité des situations sociolinguistiques. Un premier volet concerne la dynamique ségrégative dans les sociétés mauricienne, allemande et française. Un deuxième porte sur la nomination d'un groupe "autre", qu'il soit habitant de grands ensembles voués à la destruction, mahorais ou comorien, à la Réunion ou tsigane dans la presse française.

Sujets

Informations

Publié par
Date de parution 01 novembre 2013
Nombre de lectures 24
EAN13 9782336328614
Langue Français
Poids de l'ouvrage 4 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0600€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

« ou
a
2013
N°3 2013
Cahiers Internationaux de Sociolinguistique
NOMMER LA SÉGRÉGATION EN SOCIOLINGUISTIQUE URBAINE Les dimensions socio-spatiales du processus
Sous la direction de Gudrun Ledegen
NOMMER LA SÉGRÉGATION EN SOCIOLINGUISTIQUE URBAINE
&$+,(56 ,17(51$7,21$8; '( 62&,2/,1*8,67,48(
'LULJpV SDU 3KLOLSSH %/$1&+(7 HW 7KLHUU\ %8/27
&RPLWp GH UpGDFWLRQ SDU RUGUH DOSKDEpWLTXH
$UPVWURQJ 1LJHO 8QLYHUVLWp GH /HHGV 5R\DXPH8QL  %HUWXFFL 0DULH0DGHOHLQH 8QLYHUVLWp &HUJ\3RQWRLVH )UDQFH  %ORQGHDX +pOqQH 8QLYHUVLWp GH )ORULGH *DLQVYLOOH 86$  %RXGUHDX $QQHWWH 8QLYHUVLWp GH 0RQFWRQ &DQDGD  &DOYHW /RXLV-HDQ 8QLYHUVLWp GH 3URYHQFH $L[ )UDQFH  (UIXUW -XUJHQ 8QLYHUVLWp GH )UDQNIRUW VXU OH 0DLQ  $OOHPDJQH  )HXVVL 9DOHQWLQ 8QLYHUVLWp )UDQoRLV 5DEHODLV 7RXUV )UDQFH  )UDQFDUG 0LFKHO 8QLYHUVLWp &DWKROLTXH GH /RXYDLQ %HOJLTXH  *DGHW )UDQoRLVH 8QLYHUVLWp 3DULV ; )UDQFH  +DPE\H 3KLOLSSH 8QLYHUVLWp &DWKROLTXH GH /RXYDLQ %HOJLTXH  +HOOHU 0RQLFD 8QLYHUVLWp GH 7RURQWR &DQDGD  +XFN 'RPLQLTXH 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6WUDVERXUJ )UDQFH  -RQHV 0DUL & 8QLYHUVLWp GH &DPEULGJH 5R\DXPH8QL  .ODHJHU 6DELQH 8QLYHUVLWp GH %D\UHXWK $OOHPDJQH  /HGHJHQ *XGUXQ 8QLYHUVLWp 5HQQHV8(% )UDQFH  /RXQLFL $VVLD 8QLYHUVLWp G¶$OJHU $OJpULH  0DUFHOOHVL -HDQ%DSWLVWH 8QLYHUVLWp GH 5RXHQ )UDQFH  0HVVDRXGL /HLOD 8QLYHUVLWp GH .pQLWUD 0DURF  0RXVVLURX0RX\DPD $XJXVWH 8QLYHUVLWp GH /LEUHYLOOH *DERQ  3|OO %HUQKDUW 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6DO]EXUJ $XWULFKH  5LVSDLO 0DULHOOH 8QLYHUVLWp -HDQ 0RQQHW 6W (WLHQQH )UDQFH  5RELOODUG 'LGLHU GH 8QLYHUVLWp )UDQoRLV 5DEHODLV 7RXUV )UDQFH  6LQJ\ 3DVFDO 8QLYHUVLWp GH /DXVDQQH 6XLVVH  7HOPRQ 7XOOLR 8QLYHUVLWp GH 7XULQ ,WDOLH  7LUYDVVHQ 5DGD 8QLYHUVLWp GH 0DXULFH  7VRIDFN -HDQ%HQRvW 8QLYHUVLWp GH 'VFKDQJ &DPHURXQ  9LFHQWH $QJHOHV 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6DUDJRVVH (VSDJQH 
/LJQH pGLWRULDOH
/HV &$+,(56,17(51$7,21$8; '(62&,2/,1*8,67,48(RQW SRXU YRFDWLRQ SUHPLqUH GH UHQGUH FRPSWH GHV UHFKHUFKHV HW UpIOH[LRQV HQ FRXUV VXU OD SOXUDOLWp OLQJXLVWLTXH QRWDPPHQW ± PDLV SDV H[FOXVLYHPHQW ± GDQV O¶HVSDFH IUDQFRSKRQH HQ \ LQFOXDQW OH WHUULWRLUH IUDQoDLV HW G¶DVVXUHU SDU OD FRQIURQWDWLRQ GHV PRGqOHV WKpRULTXHV HW GHV PpWKRGHV GLYHUVHV GDQV OH FKDPS OD UHQFRQWUH GHV GLIIpUHQWV FRXUDQWV FRQVWLWXWLIV GH OD VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH FRQWHPSRUDLQH 6DQV TXH FHOD VRLW H[FOXVLI OHV WUDYDX[ SXEOLpV GRLYHQW SHUPHWWUH GH IDLUH YDORLU OD SHUWLQHQFH GHV DSSURFKHV TXDOLWDWLYHV HQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH HW GH VWUXFWXUHU OD GLVFLSOLQH HQ SURSRVDQW V\VWpPDWLTXHPHQW GH TXHVWLRQQHU OHV WKpRULVDWLRQ V  PpWKRGRORJLH V HW FDGUH pSLVWpPRORJLTXH GH OD UHFKHUFKH SUpVHQWpH HW OHXU SHUWLQHQFH SRXU OD FRQQDLVVDQFH GHV VLWXDWLRQV HW SKpQRPqQHV REVHUYp H V
/D ODQJXH GH GLIIXVLRQ SULYLOpJLpH GHV &$+,(56,17(51$7,21$8; '(62&,2/,1*8,67,48( HVW OH IUDQoDLV RUWKRJUDSKH UHFRPPDQGpH RX QRQ  PDLV GHV WH[WHV GDQV OHV DXWUHV ODQJXHV GH GLIIXVLRQ VFLHQWLILTXH VRQW HIIHFWLYHPHQW DWWHQGXV VRXV UpVHUYH GHV FRPSpWHQFHV OLQJXLVWLTXHV GHV PHPEUHV GX FRPLWp GH UpGDFWLRQ 
/HV &$+,(56,17(51$7,21$8; '(62&,2/,1*8,67,48(SXEOLHQW GHV QXPpURV WKpPDWLTXHV XQH j GHX[ IRLV SDU DQ VRXV OD UHVSRQVDELOLWp VFLHQWLILTXH G¶XQH RX SOXVLHXUV FKHUFKHXUHV TXL HQ DVVXUHQW pJDOHPHQW OH WUDYDLO GH FRRUGLQDWLRQ /HV &$+,(56,17(51$7,21$8; '(62&,2/,1*8,67,48(GHV DUWLFOHV LVROpV DFFHSWHQW UHOHYDQW GH OD GLVFLSOLQH TXL SDUDLVVHQW GDQV OD UXEULTXH © 9DULD ª DLQVL TXH GHV FRPSWHV
UHQGXV G¶RXYUDJHV HWRX GH OLYUDLVRQ GH UHYXH &HV WH[WHV VRQW VRXPLV DX &RPLWp GH UpGDFWLRQ SRXU SURSRVLWLRQ GH SXEOLFDWLRQ /HV &$+,(56,17(51$7,21$8; '(62&,2/,1*8,67,48( QH UHQYRLHQW SDV OHV GRFXPHQWV HQYR\pV GH PDQLqUH LVROpH HQ FDV GH QRQSXEOLFDWLRQ 35e&e'(176 92/80(6%8/27 7KLHUU\ 'LU   1RUPHV HW LGHQWLWp V HQ UXSWXUH 0LJUDQFH SOXULOLQJXLVPH HW GpJUpJDWLRQ GDQV O¶HVSDFH XUEDLQ /¶+DUPDWWDQ 3DULV  SDJHV
%/$1&+(7 3KLOLSSH .(%%$6 0DOLND .$5$ $WWLND <DVPLQH 'LUV   3OXUDOLWp OLQJXLVWLTXH HW GpPDUFKH GH UHFKHUFKH 9HUV XQH VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH FRPSOH[LILpH /¶+DUPDWWDQ 3DULV  SDJHV
Sous la direction de GUDRUNLEDEGENNOMMER LA SÉGRÉGATION EN SOCIOLINGUISTIQUE URBAINE LES DIMENSIONS SOCIO-SPATIALESDU PROCESSUSCahiers Internationaux de Sociolinguistique2013
Maquette de couverture : Pierre du Guiny Mise en page sous la responsabilité des Cahiers Internationaux de Sociolinguistique
6HFUpWDLUH GH UpGDFWLRQ  9DQHVVD 'HODJH
© L'Harmattan, 2013 5-7, rue de l'École-Polytechnique ; 75005 Parishttp://www.librairieharmattan.com diffusion.harmattan@wanadoo.fr harmattan1@wanadoo.fr ISBN : 978-2-343-01031-1 EAN : 9782343010311
,1752'8&7,21 /$ 6e*5e*$7,21 0,6( (1 027648(/48(6 5e)/(;,216 685 /$ ',0(16,21  62&,2/,1*8,67,48( '8 352&(6686
 /(6 ',0(16,216 62&,263$7,$/(6 '8 352&(6686 6e*5e*$7,)/H SUpVHQW UHFXHLO FHQWUp VXU OD PLVH HQ PRWV GH OD VpJUpJDWLRQ HQ  VLWXDWLRQ XUEDQLVpH WHQWH GH UHQGUH FRPSWH GH OD FRPSOH[LWp GHV VLWXDWLRQV  VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXHV TXH OH FKHUFKHXU HVW DPHQp j UHQFRQWUHU HW j SDUWLU GHVTXHOOHV LO VRXKDLWH PHWWUH HQ SODFH XQH LQWHUYHQWLRQ &HWWH GHUQLqUH GLPHQVLRQ ± YRLU %XORW   'MHUURXG  ± HVW SUpJQDQWH GDQV OD PHVXUH R HOOH FRQVWLWXH O¶XQH GHV YRLHV SRXU SHQVHU OD GXUDELOLWp XUEDLQH HW HQ DPRQW O¶DFWLRQ JORWWRQRPLTXH QpFHVVDLUH ± HW LGpRORJLTXHPHQW WRXMRXUV UDPHQpH j OD SDUW FRQJUXH ± j WRXWH DFWLRQ VXU OHV KDELWDWV HW SDUWDQW VXU OHV KDELWDQWV &H TXL FDUDFWpULVH GH IDLW OHV HVSDFHV G¶LQWHUYHQWLRQ GH OD VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH XUEDLQH HVW TX¶LOV VRQW FHUWHV SHUoXVYpFXV FRPPH SOXULOLQJXHV PDLV G¶XQ SOXULOLQJXLVPH H[FOXDQW RVWUDFLVDQW YRLUH GLVFULPLQDQW HW SRVDQW FHQWUDOHPHQW OHV QRUPHV LGHQWLWDLUHV GLWHV XUEDQLVpHV ± YRLU VXU FH FRQFHSW %XORW HW /HGHJHQ  FRPPH YHFWHXUVIDFWHXUV GH SRVLWLRQQHPHQW pQRQFLDWLI SRODULVDQW 5DSSHORQV EULqYHPHQW YRLU %XORW ±  HW  ± SRXU SOXV GH GpYHORSSHPHQW FRPPHQW OD VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH XUEDLQH SRVH OD VpJUpJDWLRQ /D VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH XUEDLQH FRQoRLW OD VpJUpJDWLRQ VRXV VHV GHX[ FRPSRVDQWHV SRODULVpHV  XQétatQpFHVVDLUH GHV UHODWLRQV LQWUDXUEDLQHV HW XQ processusGH FRQVWUXFWLRQ GHV GLIIpUHQWV QLYHDX[ WHUULWRULDX[ GH SHUPDQHQW
  *XGUXQ /('(*(1 7KLHUU\ %8/27 35()LFV ($   8QLYHUVLWp (XURSpHQQH GH %UHWDJQH ± 5HQQHV   *,6 3OXUDOLWpV /LQJXLVWLTXHV HW &XOWXUHOOHV   ,O IDLW HQ TXHOTXH VRUWH pFKR QRQ VHXOHPHQW j OD GHUQLqUH VHVVLRQ GHV -RXUQpHV ,QWHUQDWLRQDOHV GH 6RFLROLQJXLVWLTXH 8UEDLQH GRQW OHV GpEDWV VRQW SDUXV GDQV /HERQ(\TXHP %XORW /HGHJHQ  PDLV SOXV HQFRUH DX[ UHFKHUFKHV SUpVHQWpHV GDQV %XORW  D HW E  /HERQ(\TXHP   /DXU  R VRQW HQWUH DXWUHV HQYLVDJpV OHV OLHQV GLDOHFWLTXHV HQWUH PLJUDQFH HW PRELOLWp SRXU FH TX¶LOV SHUPHWWHQW GH GLVWLQJXHU OHV IRUPHV VSDWLR JpQpWLTXHV GHV SURFHVVXV VpJUpJDWLIV   3RXU UHSUHQGUH OHV SURSRV GH 0LFKHO $JLHU    TXH QRXV WUDQVSRVRQV j OD VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH XUEDLQH QRXV GLURQV TXH FHV VLWXDWLRQV VRQW GpILQLHV SDU OD FRPELQDLVRQ GHV VSDWLRWHPSRUDOLWpV LQWHUDFWLRQQHOOHV SHUoXHV HWRX YpFXHV FRPPH GLVFXUVLYHPHQW FRKpUHQWHV SHUIRUPDWLYHV HW FRQWH[WXDOLVpHV SDU OHXUV GLPHQVLRQV SUD[LTXHV j G¶DXWUHV HVSDFHVWHPSV G¶LQWHUDFWLRQV FRUUpOpV DX[ PDUTXDJHV VSDWLRODQJDJLHUV GH WRXV RUGUHV

Gudrun Ledegen / Thierry Bulot Cahiers Internationaux de Sociolinguistique O¶HVSDFH XUEDLQ /¶DIIURQWHPHQW HQWUH O¶XQ HW O¶DXWUH HVW HQ HIIHW SHUPDQHQW GDQV OD PHVXUH R LO V¶DJLW j OD IRLV ± SRXU WRXV OHV W\SHV G¶DFWHXUV ± GH V¶LQVFULUH GDQV XQ V\VWqPH SHUoX FRPPH GRQQp FRPPH VWDEOH GHV UHODWLRQV HQWUH OHV PHPEUHV JURXSHV RX LQGLYLGXV GH OD FRPPXQDXWp XUEDLQH O¶HVSDFH FLWDGLQ  HQ TXHOTXH VRUWH G¶LGHQWLILHU j GHV OLHX[ HW GHV JURXSHV j GHV FRPSRUWHPHQWV VRFLRODQJDJLHUV O¶HVSDFH XUEDLQ HW HQ PrPH WHPSV  G¶rWUH O¶LQVWDQFH GH GLVFRXUV TXL SURGXLW PRGLILH HQ LQWHUDFWLRQ OHV UHSUpVHQWDWLRQV GH O¶HVSDFH GHV UDSSRUWV DX[ OLHX[ DX[ ODQJXHV O¶HVSDFH XUEDQLVp  DXWUHPHQW GLW G¶rWUH GDQV XQH ORJLTXH G¶LQGLYLGXDWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH IRQGpH HW IRQGDQW OD WHUULWRULDOLVDWLRQ OD PLVH j GLVWDQFH VRFLDOH GDQV OD SUR[LPLWp PpWULTXH (Q WDQW TX¶pWDW HW SURFHVVXV OD VpJUpJDWLRQ GRQQH OLHX j GHV GLVFRXUV HX[ PrPHV HQ UHODWLRQ GLFKRWRPLTXH (Q WDQW TXH FRQFHSW HOOH SHUPHW GH FRPSUHQGUH OD GLIIpUHQFLDWLRQ GHV HVSDFHV OD PLVH HQ SODFH GHV IURQWLqUHV LQWUDXUEDLQHV HQ VH IRQGDQW VXU XQH G\QDPLTXH GH O¶DOWpULWp GH PLVH j GLVWDQFH QpFHVVDLUH (OOH HVW FHSHQGDQW LQVXIILVDQWH SRXU FRPSUHQGUH FRPPHQW FHV HVSDFHV FHV WHUULWRLUHV HQJDJHQW XQH KLpUDUFKLVDWLRQ GHV JURXSHV HW GHV SHUVRQQHV TXL OHV RFFXSHQW HIIHFWLYHPHQW RX GRQW RQ GLW TX¶LOV VRQW OHV VHXOV HW UHPDUTXDEOHV HWRX OpJLWLPHV RFFXSDQWV ,O FRQYLHQW GH GLVWLQJXHU GHX[ W\SHV GH GLVFRXUV  FHX[ UHOHYDQW VSpFLILTXHPHQW GH OD ségrégation± SDUFH TX¶LOV YLVHQW j PHWWUH HQ SODFH GHV IURQWLqUHV GHV WHUULWRLUHV GHV VRXVHVSDFHV GLVWLQFWV j © PHWWUH DX GHKRUV GX JURXSH ª LQLWLDO OD FRPPXQDXWp VRFLDOH XUEDQLVpH HQ O¶RFFXUUHQFH ± HW FHX[ UHOHYDQW GH ODdiscriminationHQJDJHQW ± HQ DSSXL VXU O¶HVSDFH SHUoX FRPPH TXL VWDEOH ± OD SRODULVDWLRQ VRFLDOH GHV HVSDFHV OD VSpFLDOLVDWLRQ VpOHFWLYH GHV OLHX[ TXL UHYLHQQHQW DX[ JURXSHV VpJUpJpV HW HQILQ OD SRODULVDWLRQ QpJDWLYH GH O¶DOWpULWp $LQVL XQ GLVFRXUV VpJUpJDWLI SRVH GH IDLW GHV OLHX[ FRPPH VSpFLILTXHV GH WHO RX WHO JURXSH VRFLDO GDQV OD YLOOH WDQGLV TX¶XQ GLVFRXUV GLVFULPLQDQW YD SRVHU ± SRXU FHV JURXSHV ± GHV DWWULEXWV VRFLDX[ HW ODQJDJLHUV MXVWLILDQWa posterioriOD VpJUpJDWLRQ  &25386 (728 2%6(59$%/(6 (1 62&,2/,1*8,67,48( 85%$,1(&HWWH OLYUDLVRQ UpXQLW DLQVL GLYHUVHV DQDO\VHV GH GLVFRXUV GH VpJUpJDWLRQ  SUHQDQW DSSXL VXU GHV FRUSXV GH SUHVVH G¶LQIRUPDWHXUV RX GH GRFXPHQWDLUHV  'DQV XQ SUHPLHU WHPSV OD G\QDPLTXH VpJUpJDWLYH HQ FRXUV GDQV OD VRFLpWp PDXULFLHQQH TXL YRLW DUULYHU XQH QRXYHOOH pFRQRPLH GH © PLJUDWLRQ H[WHUQH GH OX[H ª <DQQLFN %RVTXHW%DOODK  RX GDQV OD VRFLpWp DOOHPDQGH HW  9RLU %XORW  SRXU OH UDSSRUW DX[ LQVWDQFHV JORWWRQRPLTXHV  &HV WH[WHV VRQW LVVXV GH SUpVHQWDWLRQV ORUV GHV -,68  /D 5pXQLRQ 

La ségrégation mise en mots : quelques réflexions sur la dimension sociolinguistique… IUDQoDLVH SRXU OHV MHXQHV TXL YLYHQW GDQV OD PDUJH 6DELQH %DVWLDQ  HVW DQDO\VpH GDQV OHV GLVFRXUV FDSWpV ORUV G¶HQWUHWLHQV RX GH GRFXPHQWDLUHV PHQpV GDQV OHV TXDUWLHUV FRQFHUQpV 'DQV XQ VHFRQG WHPSV OD QRPLQDWLRQ G¶XQ JURXSH © DXWUH ª TX¶LO VRLW KDELWDQW GH JUDQGV HQVHPEOHV YRXpV j OD GHVWUXFWLRQ )UpGpULF 3XJQLqUH6DDYHGUD  PDKRUDLV RX FRPRULHQ j /D 5pXQLRQ )UDQFN 0DUF  RX WVLJDQH GDQV OD SUHVVH IUDQoDLVH GX GpEXW GX VLqFOH %pDWULFH 7XUSLQ  SUHQG LPSOLFLWHPHQW DSSXL VXU XQ LQWHUGLVFRXUV VpJUpJDQW HW QRUPDWLI  (63$&( (7 6e*5e*$7,21<DQQLFN %RVTXHW%DOODK DQDO\VH OHV SUDWLTXHV VpJUpJDWLYHV j O¶°XYUH GDQV OD VWUXFWXUDWLRQ GH O¶HVSDFH PDXULFLHQ HQ DQDO\VDQW SDU OH ELDLV G¶XQH HQTXrWH GH WHUUDLQ DX VHLQ GHV YLOODJHV GH 7DPDULQ HW *UDQGH 5LYLqUH 1RLUH OD PLVH HQ PRWV GHV HVSDFHV GHV ODQJXHV HW GHV ORFXWHXUV HW GX PDUTXDJH VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH +LVWRULTXHPHQW MXVTX¶j O¶LQGpSHQGDQFH HQ  OD SRSXODWLRQ PDXULFLHQQH VH FDUDFWpULVDLW SDU XQH UpSDUWLWLRQ GDQV O¶HVSDFH SULQFLSDOHPHQW VHORQ OH FULWqUH HWKQLTXH GRQW RQ SHXW HQFRUH YRLU GHV WUDFHV DXMRXUG¶KXL 8Q QRXYHDX SKpQRPqQH YRLW WRXWHIRLV OH MRXU SDU O¶DXJPHQWDWLRQ GH OD © PLJUDWLRQ H[WHUQH GH OX[H ª FUpDQW GH QRXYHOOHV RUJDQLVDWLRQV GH O¶HVSDFH QHWWHPHQW VpJUpJDWLYHV  OD SRSXODWLRQ FUpROH IDLW O¶REMHW G¶XQH PLVH j O¶pFDUW YRLUH G¶XQ FRQILQHPHQW VRFLDO HW OLQJXLVWLTXH DORUV TXH GH QRXYHDX[ JURXSHV YHQDQW G¶$IULTXH GX 6XG V¶LQVWDOOHQW GH IDoRQ UHJURXSpH HQ VpJUpJDWLRQ WDQW VXU OH SODQ UpVLGHQWLHO VRFLDO OLQJXLVWLTXH HW pFRQRPLTXH  LOV DPqQHQW FHUWHV OH GpYHORSSHPHQW LQIUDVWUXFWXUHO DLQVL TXH O¶XWLOLVDWLRQ SOXV LPSRUWDQWH GH O¶DQJODLV PDLV GpFOHQFKHQW SDU DLOOHXUV GHV WHQVLRQV VXU OH SODQ OLQJXLVWLTXH FRPPH pFRQRPLTXH (Q FRPSOpPHQW j FHWWH HQTXrWH O¶DQDO\VH GHV DIILFKDJHV XUEDLQV VHORQ OHV TXDUWLHUV GH FHV GHX[ YLOODJHV YLHQW VRXOLJQHU FHWWH VpJUpJDWLRQ FRQILQDQW OD SUDWLTXH GX FUpROH H[FOXVLYHPHQW DX[ TXDUWLHUV SRSXODLUHV HW PDUJLQDOLVpV HW LQVWDXUDQW O¶DQJODLV HW OH IUDQoDLV HQ XQLTXHV SUDWLTXHV HQ JpQpUDO GDQV FHV QRXYHDX[ TXDUWLHUV RX OLHX[ VXUPRGHUQHV HW SUHVWLJLHX[ 'DQV VRQ pWXGH © &HV MHXQHV TXL YLYHQW HQ PDUJH  GRFXPHQWDULVDWLRQ HW LQWHUYHQWLRQ VRFLROLQJXLVWLTXH ª 6DELQH %DVWLDQ DQDO\VH OHV UDLVRQV G¶rWUH GH OD VLWXDWLRQ SUpFDLUH GHV MHXQHV G¶XQ TXDUWLHU HQ EDQOLHXH EHUOLQRLVH HQ SDVVDQW HQ UHYXH OHV GLIIpUHQWV IDFWHXUV GH OHXU SDXSpULVDWLRQ HW GH OHXU GLIILFLOH LQWpJUDWLRQ  VWLJPDWLVDWLRQ GHV KDELWDQWV GH FHV TXDUWLHUV  DIIDLEOLVVHPHQW GHV UpVHDX[ G¶LQIRUPDWLRQ  UpGXFWLRQ  GLVSDULWLRQ GH OD PL[LWp VRFLDOH  VpJUpJDWLRQ VFRODLUH « 3UHQDQW DSSXL VXU GHX[ GRFXPHQWDLUHV LOOXVWUDQW OD SUpFDULWp GH OD MHXQHVVH DOOHPDQGH HW IUDQoDLVH 6DELQH %DVWLDQ pWXGLH OHV GLUHV GHV MHXQHV WpPRLQV TXL SDUOHQWKiezdeutschRX © IUDQoDLV FRQWHPSRUDLQ GHV FLWpV ª *RXGDLOOLHU   DILQ G¶pWXGLHU OHV

  • Univers Univers
  • Ebooks Ebooks
  • Livres audio Livres audio
  • Presse Presse
  • Podcasts Podcasts
  • BD BD
  • Documents Documents