Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism

James Otieno Jowi, Thierry M Luescher, Manja Klemenčič

Description

The second volume of the African Higher Education Dynamics Series brings together the research of an international network of higher education scholars with interest in higher education and student politics in Africa. Most authors are early career academics who teach and conduct research in universities across the continent and came together for a research project, and related workshops and a symposium on student representation in African higher education governance.The book includes theoretical chapters on student organising, student activism and representation; chapters on historical and current developments in student politics in Anglophone and Francophone Africa, and in-depth case studies on student representation and activism in a cross-section of universities and countries.The book provides a unique resource for academics, university leaders and student affairs professionals as well as student leaders and policy-makers in Africa and elsewhere.

Sujets

• Politique

Informations

• Publié par: African Minds
• Date de parution: 03 mars 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781928331223
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

African Minds Higher Education Dynamics Series Vol. 2

Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activism

Edited by hierry M Luescer, Manja Klemenčič and James Otieno Jowi

A NOTE ABOUT THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS his open access publication forms part of te African Minds peer reviewed, academic books list, te broad mission of wic is to support te dissemination of African scolarsip and to foster access, openness and debate in te pursuit of growing and deepening te African knowledge base. Student Politics in Africa: Representation and Activismwas reviewed by two external peers wit expert knowledge in iger education in general and in African iger education in particular. Copies of te reviews are available from te publiser on request.

First publised in 2016 by African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, Sout Africa [e-mail] www.africanminds.org.za

2016 African Minds

his work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

ISBN: 978-1-928331-22-3 eBook edition: 978-1-928331-23-0 ePub edition: 978-1-928331-24-7

ORDERS: African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West 7130, Cape Town, Sout Africa [e-mail] www.africanminds.org.za

For orders from outside Africa: African Books Collective PO Box 721, Oxford OX1 9EN, UK [e-mail]

CONTENTS

Acronyms and abbreviations Acknowledgements Foreword

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Introduction Tierry M Luescer, Manja Klemenčič and James Otieno Jowi

Student organising in African iger education: Polity, politics and policies Manja Klemenčič, Tierry M Luescer and Taabo Mugume

Student representation in a context of democratisation and massification in Africa: Analytical approaces, teoretical perspectives and #RodesMustFall Tierry M Luescer

he evolving nature of student participation in university governance in Africa: An overview of policies, trends and emerging issues Ibraim Oanda

he tree ages of student politics in Francopone Africa: Learning from te cases of Senegal and Burkina Faso Pascal Biancini

Revisiting student participation in iger education governance at te University of Buea, Cameroon: 2004–2013 Samuel N Fongwa and Godlove N Cifon

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v x xi

1

9

27

61

85

109

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

 : STUDENT POLITICS IN AFRICA REPRESENTATION AND ACTIVISM

Student participation in te governance of Etiopian iger education institutions: he case of Addis Ababa University Bekele Workie Ayele

Private iger education and student representation in Uganda: A comparative analysis of Makerere University and Uganda Cristian University Taabo Mugume and Mesarc W Katusiime

Student actions against paradoxical post-aparteid iger education policy in Sout Africa: he case of te University of te Western Cape Mlungisi BG Cele, Tierry M Luescer and Teresa Barnes

he University of Burundi and student organisations: Governance system, political development and student representation Gérard Birantamije

Politicisation of te National Union of Gana Students and its effects on student representation Ransford EV Gyampo, Emmanuel Debra and Evans Aggrey-Darko

Chapter 12 Conclusion James Otieno Jowi

Epilogue

Students, politics and universities: In searc of interpretive scemes for te 21st century Lis Lange

About te autors Index

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130

162

182

202

224

244

249

252 257

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAU AEF AEOM AESF AEVF AEVO ADDEC AGED AIDS AMEAN ANC ANEB AOF ASSER ASV AUC BA BAdmin BCom BLib BParm BSc BIF BMD BSU CC CCM CCNY

Addis Ababa University Afrique équatoriale française Association des étudiants originaires de Madagascar Association des étudiants sénégalais en France Association des étudiants voltaïques en France Association des étudiants voltaïques de Ouagadougou Association pour la défense de droits des étudiants du Cameroon Association générale des étudiants de Dakar Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Association musulmane des étudiants d’Afrique noire African National Congress Association nationale des étudiants burkinabé Afrique occidentale française Association des étudiants de Rumuri Association des scolaires voltaïques de Dakar African Union Commission Bacelor of Arts Bacelor of Administration Bacelor of Commerce Bacelor of Library Science Bacelor of Parmacy Bacelor of Science Burundian Franc Bacelor-Master-Doctorate Botswana Student Union Central Committee Cama Ca Mapinduzi Carnegie Corporation of New York

v

CDP CED CERFOPAX CESUP CDR CHET CFA CGER CGT-B CMPRN CNTS CODESRIA CODMPP CPP CSV CUE DARUSO DUSO ENA ENS EPRDF ESU FEANF FELD FER FESCI FLN FPI GCSU GER GET Fund GNSO GNUPS GPA GRASAG GRC GUPS HEI HELP HERANA ICT

 : STUDENT POLITICS IN AFRICA REPRESENTATION AND ACTIVISM

Congrès pour la démocratie et le progress Coordination des étudiants de Dakar Centre de recerce et de formation pour la paix Centre d’études supérieures Comité de défense de la Révolution Centre for Higer Education Trust Central African Republic Franc Cercle général des étudiants de Rumuri Confédération générale du travail du Burkina Comité pour le redressement patriotique et le salut national Confédération nationale des travailleurs du Sénégal Council for te Development of Social Science Researc in Africa Collectif des organisations démocratiques de masses et de partis politiques Convention People’s Party Confédération des syndicats voltaïques Commission for Universities Education Dar es Salaam University Students’ Organization Dar es Salaam University Students’ Organization Ecole nationale d’administration Ecole normale supérieure Etiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front European Students’ Union Fédération des étudiants d’Afrique noire en France Fédération des étudiants libres de Dakar Fraternité des étudiants de Rumuri Fédération des étudiants et scolaires de Côte d’Ivoire Front de libération nationale Front populaire Ivoirien Gold Coast Students’ Union Gross Enrolment Ratio Gana Education Trust Fund Gana National Students’ Organisation Gana National Union of Polytecnic Students Grade Point Average Graduate Students Association of Gana Guild Representative Council Gana Union of Professional Students Higer education institution Higer Education in Africa Leadersip Programme Higer Education Researc and Advocacy Network in Africa Information and Communication Tecnology

vi

IEA IHED IMF ISSER IUIU KUSA LLB MAK MBDHP MEEL MEOCAM MLN MoE MoFED MUPSA MUWATA NASSO NCHE NEC NDC NPP NPU NRM NSFAS NUGS NUSO OCAU OCV ODJ OSPHERA OUB PAI PALIPEHUTU PCD PCRV PDS PRA RDA RDR RNDP

A CRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Institute of Economic Affairs Institute des ates études de Dakar International Monetary Fund Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Researc Islamic University in Uganda Kenya University Students’ Association Bacelor of Law Makerere University Mouvement burkinabé des droits de l’omme et des peuples Mouvement des étudiants et élèves libéraux Mouvement des étudiants de l’organisation commune africaine et malgace Mouvement de libération nationale Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Makerere University Private Students Association Muungano wa Wanafunzi Tanzania National Association of Socialist Students’ Organisations National Commission on Higer Education National Executive Committee National Democratic Congress New Patriotic Party Nigerian Progress Union National Resistance Movement National Students Financial Aid Sceme National Union of Gana Students Nairobi University Student Organisation Office de coopération et d’accueil universitaire Organisation communiste voltaïque Organisation démocratique de la jeunesse Observatory of Student Politics and Higer Education Researc in Africa Official University of Bujumbura Parti africain de l’indépendance Parti pour la libération du peuple Hutu Communist Party of Daomey Parti communiste révolutionnaire voltaïque Parti démocratique sénégalais Parti du regroupement africain Rassemblement démocratique africain Rassemblement des démocrates républicains Révolution nationale démocratique et populaire

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TUDENTPOLITICSINAFRICA : SENTATIONANDACTIVISM S REPRE

RSRCs Regional SRCs of senior ig scools SAP Structural Adjustment Programme SAPA Sout African Press Association SASCO Sout African Students Congress SAUS Sout African Union of Students SC Student Council SCM Student Credit Management SCNC Soutern Cameroons National Council SDF Social Democratic Front SESSyndicat des enseignants du Sénégal SET Science, Engineering and Tecnology SHE Studies in Higer Education SLTF Student Loan Trust Fund SONU Student Organisation of Nairobi University SRC Student Representative Council SSNIT Social Security and National Insurance Trust SU Student Union SUL Student Union Legislation SUVESSSyndicat unique voltaïque de l’enseignement secondaire et supérieur SYNTERSyndicat des travailleurs de l’enseignement et de la recerce SYNTRAGMIHSyndicat des travailleurs de la géologie des mines et ydrocarbures SYNTSHASyndicat des travailleurs de la santé umaine et animale TANU Tanganyika African National Union TCU Tanzania Commission for Universities TEIN Tertiary Educational Institution Network TESCON Tertiary Education Students Confederacy TTAG Teacer Trainees Association of Gana TYL Tanzania Yout League UAD Union of African Descent UB University of Burundi UB University of Buea UBSU University of Buea Student Union UCU Uganda Cristian University UCAA University College of Addis Ababa UCT University of Cape Town UDESUnion démocratique des étudiants du Sénégal UDSM University of Dar es Salaam UEDUnion des étudiants de Dakar UGAG Unemployed Graduates Association of Gana UGEAOUnion générale des étudiants de l’Afrique de l’Ouest UGEMAUnion générale des étudiants musulmans d’Algérie

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UG UGER UGEV UK ULC UN UNAPES UNCHE UNEBA UNEEM UNESCO UniYao UNTS UON UPC UPC UPRONA UPS USA USAG USARF USD USL USN UWC VC WASU ZINASU

A CRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

University of Gana Union Générale des Etudiants de Rumuri Union générale des étudiants voltaïques United Kingdom Union des luttes communistes United Nations Union nationale patriotique des étudiants du Sénégal Uganda National Council for Higer Education Union Nationale des Etudiants Barundi Union nationale des élèves et des étudiants du Mali United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization University of Yaoundé Union nationale des travailleurs du Sénégal University of Nairobi Union des populations du Cameroun Union pour le cangement Union pour le Progrès national Union progressive sénégalaise United States of America University Students Association of Gana University Students African Revolutionary Front United States Dollar University Senate Legislation Union des scolaires nigériens University of te Western Cape Vice-cancellor West African Students’ Union Zimbabwe National Students’ Union

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Te realisation of te projectStudent Representation in Higer Education Governance in Africa, te related autors’ symposium and worksop, and eventually te publication and launc of te bookStudent Politics in Africa: Representation and Activismand its companion publication, te special issue ‘Student Power in Africa’ of teJournal of Student Affairs in Africa(Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2015), would not ave been possible witout te encouragement, scolarly advice, and funding provided by te Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY Grant Number: D 14034) and particularly by Prof. Tade Akin Aina and Ms Claudia Frittelli. We are also indebted to a good number of iger education experts, worksop facilitators, speakers and presenters wo participated in te August 2014 symposium and worksop in Cape Town, wic brougt te autors togeter to discuss teir proposals and draft papers and to agree on a number of common concepts, perspectives and concerns. Our tanks go to te presenters of special contributions, in particular Dr Leo Zeilig, Ms Eve Gray, Prof. Nico Cloete, Ms Felicity Gallager and Mr François van Scalkwyk. We would also like to tank Ms Angela Mias for te organisation and administration of te symposium and worksop. Lastly, our tanks go to te series editors ofAfrican Higer Education Dynamicsand te anonymous reviewers of te book manuscript for teir critical comments and support. Tis project started wit a call for papers in 2013, followed by ongoing extensive collaboration between autors and editors. Wile te symposium and worksop mentioned above presented an opportunity to meet pysically, tere was ongoing collaboration using te internet, Dropbox, Skype and email. We are pleased tat te project as resulted in a new network of emerging and establised African iger education researcers wo are working in universities across te continent as well as in te diaspora, and tat tis network is continuing and expanding in te form of a virtual researc centre, teObservatory of Student Politics and Higer Education Researc in Africa(www.ospera.net).

Te Editors

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FOREWORD THE IMPORTANCE AND COMPLEXITY OF STUDENTS IN POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

1 Pilip G. Altbac

Universities would not exist witout students. Students are at te eart of te academic enterprise. It is wort remembering tat some of te earliest universities, in medieval Italy, were establised and managed by students. In te 21st century, in te era of massification, students are often seen as burdens, customers, or sources of income, but seldom as te key rationale for te university. Carefully examining te appropriate role for students in universities is necessary in a period of dramatic and often traumatic cange for iger education, but is not an easy task. It is wort noting tat in istory te concept of ‘student power’ as not been a dominant force. In te medieval period in Europe, te struggle between te idea of te student-run universities in Italy and te faculty-dominated universities in Paris and elsewere was won decisively by faculty power. Students were simply unable to provide te leadersip and long-range perspective needed. In modern istory, ‘student power’ as ad a complex international istory. Student participation in university governance in Latin America was institutionalised in te Argentine Reform movement of 1918 tat eventually affected most of te public universities on te continent. It was only te military dictatorsips of te 1960s tat weakened Latin American student power in some countries. Te student movements of te 1960s in many countries introduced or strengtened student participation in governance – for example in Germany and a number of oter continental European nations. Altoug tere were powerful student activist movements in suc countries as te United States, te United Kingdom, Japan, and oters, tere was little impact on governance and students did not gain significant participation. It is also significant tat universities in all European countries rolled back te reforms of te 1960s, and today students in general ave a voice, but not major power in governance.

1 Pilip G Altbac is Researc Professor and Founding Director, Center for International Higer Education, Boston College, USA. Email: pilip.altbac@bc.edu

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