In The Ripple Effect: Gender and Race in Brazilian Culture and Literature, Barbosa adopts a comparative, multilayered, and interdisciplinary line of research to examine social values and cultural mores from the first decades of the twentieth century to the present. By analyzing the historical, cultural, religious, and interactive space of Brazil’s national identity, The Ripple Effect surveys expressive cultures and literary manifestations. It uses the martial art-dance-ritual capoeira as a lynchpin to disclose historical ambiguities and the negotiation of cultural and literary boundaries within the context of the ideological construct of a mestizo nation. The book also examines laws governing gender in Brazil and discusses honor killings and other types of violence against women. The Ripple Effect appraises the contributions that some iconic female figures have made to the development of Brazil’s distinctive cultural and literary production. Drawing on more than fifteen years of field, archival, and scholarly research, this work offers new interpretative venues, and broadens the critical focus and the methodological scope of previous scholarship. It reveals how literature and other arts can be used to document cultural norms, catalog life experiences, and analyze complex constructions of social values, ideas, and belief systems. Acknowledgments
Introductory Remarks
Chapter One: Mapping Asymmetries
Chapter Two: The Erotic and Exotic Lure
Chapter Three: Women in Soccer
Chapter Four: Capoeira: Jogo Bonito, Jogo de Dentro, Jogo de Fora
Chapter Five: Women in Capoeira
Chapter Six: Women in Brazilian Popular Music and Capoeira Songs
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Frenc Jeanette Beer Pau Benamou Wîard Bon homas Broden Mary Ann Caws Aan H. Pasco Gerad Prînce Roseann Runte Ursua Tîdd
Itaîan Fîora A. Bassanese Peter Carravetta Benjamîn awton Franco Mascîandaro Antony Juîan Tamburrî
Associate Editors
Luso-Brazîîan Marta Peîxoto Rîcardo da Sîveîra obo Sternberg
Spanîs and Spanîs Amerîcan Caterîne Connor ïvy A. Corfis Frederîck A. de Armas Edward Frîedman Cares Ganeîn Davîd T. Gîes Roberto Gonzáez Ecevarría Davîd K. Herzberger Emîy Hîcks Djea Kadîr Amy Kamînsky ucîe Kerr Howard Mancîng Foyd Merre Aberto Moreîras Randop D. Pope . Ezbîeta Sk-odowska Marcîa Stepenson
voume
THE RïPPE EFFECT Gender and Race în Brazîîan Cuture and îterature
he paper used în tîs book meets te mînîmum requîrements o Amerîcan Natîona Standard or ïnormatîon Scîences—Permanence o Paper or Prînted îbrary Materîas, ANSï Z.-.
Prînted în te Unîted States o Amerîca ïnterîor tempate desîgn by Anîta Nobe; Cover tempate desîgn by Heîdî Branam;
Cataogîng-în-Pubîcatîon Data on Ie at te îbrary o Congress ---- (ardcover) ---- (paperback) ---- (epub) ---- (epd )
I dedîcate tîs book to my moter, Dona Frîda, wose courage and resîîence ave aways been a source o înspîratîon.
hîs book îs aso or Larry. Because o îs gente ways, I sîng. Because o îs tender touc, I dance. Because o îs warm embrace, I pay.
Contents
Ix Acknowledgments 1 Introductory Remarks 1 “O, Cear te Way” 5 Cutura Paradoxes and Doube Bînds 8 Gender and Race în te Fîrst Decades o te Twentîet Century 13 Framework and Metodoogy 25 Capter One Mappîng Asymmetrîes 25 he “Ambîguous Process o Modernîzatîon” 30 he îterary Counter-Dîscourse 48 he “Deense o Honor” heory 59 Capter Two he Erotîc and Exotîc ure 59 Race as a Cutura Bînder 66 he “Made-în-BrazîMuata” 77Carnava: Tokens Mîstaken or Wonders 101 Capter hree Women în Soccer 101Futebo: he Brazîîan Passîon 109 “et Me Pay” 115 he Soccer Museum 127 Capter Four Capoeîra:Jogo Bonîto, Jogo de Dentro, Jogo de Fora127te Body’s Spatîaîty Medîatîng 155 Navîgatîng te Cutura and Hîstorîca Space 167 he “Doube-Tak”: ïnteractîve Space 179 Capter Five Women înCapoeîra 179a Space Cratîng 195 Neîter Frîs nor Symboîc Representatîons 201 Agents o Cutura Transormatîon
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Contents
217 Capter Six Women în Brazîîan Popuar Musîc andCapoeîraSongs 217 Representatîons o Women în Song yrîcs 235 he Verba Codes o Dîference 253 heBonaidePace and Space o Women în CapoeîraCants 263 Coda 273 Notes 289 Bibliograpy 311 Index
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Acknowledgments
Te Rîppe Eect: Gender and Race în Brazîîan Cuture and Lîteratureîs a mutîaceted project wose core oundatîon stems rom anayses o materîas ï amassed rom îbrary and Ied re-searc conducted between and . Durîng tat tîme, some trave grants, awards, and researc eaves were înstrumenta în my gaînîng access to resources oused în specîa or prîvate co-ectîons, as we as garnerîng materîas oten unavaîabe în te Unîted States. hus, ï apprecîate te support o te Oice o te Provost, te Oice o te Vîce-Presîdent or Researc, and te Coege o îbera Arts and Scîences at Unîversîty o ïowa or grantîng me two researc semesters (a , and sprîng ) durîng wîc tîme ï coected and anayzed materîas to map te roe women ave payed în core arenas o Brazî’s cutura and îterary productîon. he CAS Deveopmenta Studîes Hybrîdoma Bank (DSHB) award was învauabe în aowîng me te means to trave to Brazî to coect materîas at te arcîves o te Museu do Futebo în São Pauo. ï am aso very tanku to Drs. Pabo and Vîoet Recînos wose generous donatîons to my researc agenda contrîbuted to some o my traves to Brazî and în te Unîted States to conduct întervîews tat ï cîte în tîs study. ï am aso tanku to my students wo motîvated and ca-enged me to keep researcîng Brazîîan popuar cuture and wose însîgtu dîscussîons kînded my contînuous înterest în anayzîng race and gender încapoeîra,carnava, soccer, and oter Brazîîan cutura manîestatîons. My specîa tanks to Antony Bede wo worked as my researc assîstant în te summer o and ocated învauabe specîa materîas or me. My sîncere appre-cîatîon to Amed Hassaneîn, aso a ormer student, wose gener-osîty and expertîse wît tecnoogy were învauabe to compete some parts o tîs project. ï am aso grateu to aura Graam wo