Ways of the World explores cosmopolitanism as it emerged during the Restoration and the role theater played in both memorializing and satirizing its implications and consequences. Rooted in the Stuart ambition to raise the status of England through two crucial investments-global traffic, including the slave trade, and cultural sophistication-this intensified global orientation led to the creation of global mercantile networks and to the rise of an urban British elite who drank Ethiopian coffee out of Asian porcelain at Ottoman-inspired coffeehouses. Restoration drama exposed cosmopolitanism's most embarrassing and troubling aspects, with such writers as Joseph Addison, Aphra Behn, John Dryden, and William Wycherley dramatizing the emotional and ethical dilemmas that imperial and commercial expansion brought to light.Altering standard narratives about Restoration drama, Laura J. Rosenthal shows how the reinvention of theater in this period-including technical innovations and the introduction of female performers-helped make possible performances that held the actions of the nation up for scrutiny, simultaneously indulging and ridiculing the violence and exploitation being perpetuated. In doing so, Ways of the World reveals an otherwise elusive consistency between Restoration genres (comedy, tragedy, heroic plays, and tragicomedy), disrupts conventional understandings of the rise and reception of early capitalism, and offers a fresh perspective on theatrical culture in the context of the shifting political realities of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain.
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WAYS OF THE WORLD
WAYSOFTHEWORLDT HE AT E R AND COSMOPOL I TANI SM I N T HE RESTORAT I ON n AND BE YOND
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First published 2020 by Cornell University Press
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Rosenthal, Laura J. (Laura Jean), 1960– author. Title: Ways of the world : theater and cosmopolitanism in the Restorationand beyond / Laura J. Rosenthal. Description: Ithaca [New York] : Cornell University Press, 2020. | Includesbibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020016156 (print) | LCCN 2020016157 (ebook) | ISBN9781501751585 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781501751592 (epub) | ISBN9781501751608 (pdf ) Subjects: LCSH: English drama—Restoration, 1660–1700— History andcriticism. | Theater—England—History— 17th century. |—rytoisgnaldnH—atinmsE—osmopoliC 17th century. | Cosmopolitanism inliterature. | Literature and society—England—17th century. Classification:LCCPR695.R672020(print)|LCCPR695(ebook) | DDC822/.409—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020016156 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020016157
List of Illustrationsix Prefacexi Acknowledgmentsxv
Introduction1. All Roads Lead to Rhodes: William Davenant, Ottomanphilia, and the Reinvention of Theater in the Restoration2. Travesties: William Wycherley, the Fop, and the Provincial Girl3. Indian Queens and the Queen Who Brought the Indies: Dryden, Settle, and the Tragedies of Empire
4. Restoration Legacies: Tragic Monarchs, Exotic and Enslaved5. “Have You Not Been Sophisticated?”: The Afterlife of the Restoration Actress6. Histories of Their Own Times: Burnet, Cibber, and Rochester
Epilogue:Mr.Spectator,AdamSmith,and the New Global Citizenship
Notes241 Selected Bibliography287 Index299
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2.1. Pierre Mignard,PortsmouthLouise de Kéroualle, Duchess of , 16823.1. Benedetto Gennari II,Catherine of BraganzauQ,ortConseenof Charles II (1638–1705), 16783.2. Statue of Catherine of Braganza by Audrey Flack, 1998, and the Vasco da Gama Bridge, Park of the Nations, Lisbon, Portugal3.3. Stump-work box featuring Charles II and Catherine of Braganza, circa 16623.4. Panel from a table carpet showing the Four Continents, the Seasons, and Four Planets, between 1662 and 16803.5. Panel from a table carpet showing the Four Continents, the Seasons, and Four Planets, between 1662 and 16803.6. From Elkanah Settle,The Empress of Morocco3.7. From Elkanah Settle,The Empress of Morocco3.8. From Elkanah Settle,The Empress of Morocco3.9. From Elkanah Settle,MoroccoThe Empress of 4.1. Mrs. Litchfield as Zara in William Congreve’sThe Mourning Bride: “When I feel these bonds, I look with loathing on myself ” (act 1), 18074.2. Anne Bracegirdle as the Indian Queen, by William Vincent, circa 16894.3. Sarah Siddons as Zara in William Congreve’sThe Mourning Bride3871ybJ,aRhphonSmitaelircah,c4.4. Sarah Siddons as Zara in William Congreve’sThe Mourning Bride, act 55.1. Mrs. Abington as Miss Prue inLove for Loveby William Congreve, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1723–17925.2. William Hogarth,The Beggar’s Opera,1729