Black Democracy - The Story of Haiti

H. P. Davis

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Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Informations

• Publié par: Read Books Ltd.
• Date de parution: 22 mars 2021
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781528760737
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

BLACK DEMOCRACY
THE STORY of HAITI
By H. P. DAVIS

CONTENTS
PART I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I THE SPANIARDS
Discovery of Hispaniola-Second expedition of Columbus-Extermination of the aborigines-Inauguration of the slave trade-Progress and decline of the Spanish colony.
CHAPTER II THE FRENCH COLONY OF ST.-DOMINGUE
The boucaniers -Origin of the French colony-Rapid and prosperous development-Inception of the mulatto caste-Social and political conditions on the eve of the Revolution-Political conditions in France reflected in the colony-Declaration of the Rights of Man -Whites, mulattoes, and blacks.
CHAPTER III THE REVOLUTION
Uprising of the Blacks-Failure of the first French commission-The second commission-Emancipation of the slaves-Desperate condition of the colony-The British expedition-Toussaint l Ouverture-The third commission-Strife between blacks and mulattoes-Toussaint in supreme power.
CHAPTER IV FIRST OF THE BLACKS
Napoleon Bonaparte and Toussaint-The Leclerc expedition-Toussaint defeated-Ravages of yellow fever-Death of Leclere-Defection of black and mulatto leaders-The surrender of Rochambeau and triumph of the blacks.
CHAPTER V DESSALINES, DICTATOR AND EMPEROR
Proclamation of freedom-Problems of reconstruction-Declaration of independence-Dessalines governor-general-He is crowned emperor-Death of Dessalines.
CHAPTER VI CHRISTOPHE AND P TION
The black vs . the mulatto-First constitution of the Republic-Christophe elected president-He declines to serve-The North and South divided-Civil War-Christophe creates his own State of Haiti in the North-P tion elected president of the Republic of Haiti-Christophe crowned king of the State of Haiti -Separation of the South-War between the two states-France attempts to regain her lost colony-Death of P tion-Boyer succeeds him-Revolution against Christophe-His tragic death.
CHAPTER VII THE HAITIAN REPUBLIC FROM 1818 TO 1908
The North and South united under Boyer-The Spanish port consolidated with the Republic of Haiti-Foreign relations-Negotiations with France for recognition of the Republic-Boyer forced to accept a most humiliating compact-Revolt of the people-Death of Boyer-Four presidents in four years-Solouque elected president-He creates the second empire-His extraordinary reign of over eleven years-Failure to reconquer Santo Domingo-He is deposed-President Geffrard serves ably for nine years-Concordat with Holy See-Attempts at settlement in Haiti by American Negroes-Revolt suppressed-British gun-boat sunk-Cap Haitien fired on by British-Salnave enters Cap Haitien-Geffrard resigns-Salnave as president-He is deposed and executed-Miserable condition of the Republic -Domingue s disgraceful administration-Canal-Rivalry between Liberal and National parties-Canal resigns and is succeeded by Salomon, who serves nine years-Resigns-L gitime serves one year and six months-He resigns and is succeeded by Hippolyte, who serves creditably for nine years-Simon Sam serves for six years-Resigns-Death of Admiral Killick-Nord Alexis elected-His courageous devotion to his office-The consolidation scandal-Revolution puts Simon in office.
PART II
FOREWORD
CHAPTER I THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD, 1908-1915
Reorganization of the National Bank-Cacos put Leconte in power-Haiti s first civilian president-Approaching bankruptcy-First steps towards American intervention-Salvaging $500,000-Admiral Caperton personally conducts a revolution-American commissioners fail to negotiate a treaty.
CHAPTER II THE AMERICAN INTERVENTION
Situation on the night of July 26th-Massacre in the national prison-Murder of President Sam-Inception of the American occupation-German aspirations-Preparing for the presidential election-Senator Dartiguenave elected.
CHAPTER III THE HAITIAN-AMERICAN TREATY
Negotiations for the treaty-The custom houses seized-American insistence on the treaty-Winning over the Haitian legislature-The treaty-Breaking the insurrection in the North-Embarrassment of the Dartiguenave Government-The treaty extended to 1936.
CHAPTER IV THE OCCUPATION
The treaty officials-The gendarmerie -Finance and customs control-Public works and public health-Handicap of treaty officials-Protocol of 1919-First dissolution of the Haitian legislature-Struggle over the new constitution-The second dissolution-The constitutional plebiscite -Provisions of the constitution-Shall the white man own Haitian land?
CHAPTER V THE CACO UPRISING
The corv e -How the corv e came to be abused-The caco outbreak-The attack on Port-au-Prince-Charges against the marines-The Naval Court of Inquiry-The Senate inquiry.
CHAPTER VI NATIONAL ELECTIONS
The myth of representative government -The Council of State as a reasonable concession-First election by the Council of State-President Borno s defence of the status quo -President Borno s re-election-The thorny problem of the constitutional amendments-The freedom of the press -Reorganization of the judiciary.
CHAPTER VII HAITI TO-DAY-WHAT IS BEING DONE
The handicap of divided authority-The treaty officials-A civilian commissioner suggested-Process of financial reorganization-Public works-Public health-The gendarmerie -Department of Agriculture -Service Technique -Character and policy of the treaty officials.
CHAPTER VIII WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Three possible policies-Problem of the lite -The peasant class -Our duty to the Haitian people.
NOTES
EXHIBITS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ILLUSTRATIONS
A Boucan ( left )
A Boucanier ( right )
French Colonial Aqueduct and Sugar Mill ( above )
French Colonial Bridge ( below )
Toussaint l Ouverture, First of the Blacks
Citadel of King Christophe from the Air
Ruins of Sans-Souci from the Air
The Citadel of King Christophe
The Coronation Ceremony, April 18, 1852
Faustin the First, Emperor of Haiti
The Empress Adelina
Statue of Dessalines ( above )
Old and New Cathedrals in Port-au-Prince ( below )
Note found on the Body of General Charles Oscar Etienne, July 28, 1927
President Dartiguenave, His Cabinet, and Officers of the Gendarmerie
A Crack Troop of the Old Army
Haitian Peasants Typical of the Class from Which the Cacos Were Recruited
A Peasant ( left )
A Caco ( right )
Louis Borno, President of the Republic of Haiti
Placc d Ind pendance, Port-au-Prince
Peasant Women Going to Market
New Palace of Finance
Telephone and Telegraph Building ( above )
New School Building ( below )
A Ward, General Hospital in Port-au-Prince ( above )
A Rural Clinic ( below )
New Gendarmerie Head-quarters, Port-au-Prince ( above )
Review of Gendarmerie , National Palace ( below )
Gendarme Rifle Team Which Won Second Place at Olympic Games ( above )
American Marines, Gendarmerie Head-quarters Staff ( below )
Rural Farm School ( above )
Boys Industrial School ( below )
National Palace, Port-au-Prince ( above )
Champ de Mars, Port-au-Prince ( below )
A Residence in Port-au-Prince ( above )
Dock at Port-au-Prince ( below )
Royal Bank of Canada and Banque Nationale ( above )
Street in Port-au-Prince ( below )
Typical Peasant Home ( above )
Haitian Peasants ( below )
Haitian Market ( above )
Petit Commerce (below )
MAPS
R publique d Haiti
Map of the Island of Tortuga in 1650
Cap Fran ois (Cap Haitien), Charlevoix, 1733
Economic Map of the Colony of St.-Domingue in 1791
EXHIBITS
A
R ULERS OF F REE H AITI , 1804 TO 1928
B
T HE H AITIAN -A MERICAN T REATY (1915) (Full Text)
C
A DDITIONAL A CT (1917) (Full Text)
D
C ONSTITUTION OF 1918 (Some Provisions)
E
M MOIRE OF THE U NION P ATRIOTIQUE D H A TI (May, 1921-Conclusions)
F
R EPORT OF D R . C ARL K ELSEY TO THE A MERICAN A CADEMY OF P OLITICAL AND S OCIAL S CIENCE (March, 1922-Extracts)
G
T HE S EIZURE OF H AITI BY THE U NITED S TATES Foreign Policy Association of New York (Extracts)
H
O CCUPIED H AITI Report of Committee of Six-Woman s International League for Peace and Freedom (Conclusions)
I
C OUNCIL OF S TATE (Extracts from Dictionnaire de L gislation Administrative )
PART ONE
INTRODUCTION
WHEN the average American hears of Haiti, if he does not confuse it with the island of Tahiti-thousands of miles away in the Pacific-he thinks of a small, unimportant West Indian country productive of revolutions, surcharged postage stamps, and newspaper discussions of the American intervention or perhaps of alleged atrocities by the United States Marines. Of the difficult and complicated problems involved in the task which the United States has assumed in Haiti, or of the steps so far taken towards its accomplishment, reports published in the United States have been so conflicting as to bewilder the average reader. Of the Haitians themselves, their background, or present condition, the American people generally have no conception.
Frederick Douglass, the great Negro orator, once said something to the effect that in measuring the progress of a race or people one must consider not only the heights to which the race has attained, but the depths from which it sprang. To reach any understanding of conditions in Haiti to-day, it is necessary to realize something of the fascinating and tragic history of the island now divided between the black republic and the mulatto (Dominican) republic.
No country in the world, civilized or uncivilized, has had within the same space of time a more dramatic or more distressing history.
When Columbus