The Story Of Gondwana

Eyre Chatterton

Description

Originally published in 1916. This little book briefly tells the story of Gondwana, the modern Central Provinces of India. The author felt that, after thirteen years of seeing the old monuments and fortresses, reading bits of its history in Government Gazetteers, someone should piece these scattered records together in something resembling a connected story. And so this is what Eyre Chatterton, the Bishop of Nagpur, did. Author: Eyre Chatterton,D.D. Language: English Keywords: History / India Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. Obscure Press are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Informations

• Publié par: Read Books Ltd.
• Date de parution: 08 janvier 2021
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781528769631
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

THE STORY OF
GONDWANA
P RINTED BY S IR I SAAC P ITMAN S ONS , L TD ., L ONDON , B ATH , N EW Y ORK AND M ELBOURNE . 1916
MADAN S PLEASURE PALACE AT GARHA
THE STORY OF
GONDWANA
B Y T HE R IGHT R EVEREND
EYRE CHATTERTON, D.D.
B ISHOP OF N AGPUR
WITH A FOREWORD BY
THE HON. SIR BENJAMIN ROBERTSON,
K.C.S.I., K.C.M.G.
C HIEF C OMMISSIONER OF THE C ENTRAL P ROVINCES
L ONDON
S IR I SAAC P ITMAN S ONS , L TD ., 1 A MEN C ORNER , E.C. A ND AT B ATH , N EW Y ORK AND M ELBOURNE 1916
CREST OF THE GOND KINGS
FOREWORD
I T gives me much pleasure to write a few introductory words to the Story of Gondwana which the Bishop of Nagpur has put together from the legends and history of the past. I can remember when a boy-long before I had any thought that my lot would be cast in India-reading Forsyth s Highlands of Central India and being captivated by the charm of the country which he described. For the greater part of twenty-five years I have lived in the Central Provinces, the Gondwana of the Bishop s story; I have wandered over its hills and jungles, and have to the full imbibed the fascination which it exercises over all who know it, be they district officers closely in touch with the simple lives of its people, or sportsmen in pursuit of the noble game which its wide-spreading forests contain. Over none has it cast its spell more completely than the author of this little book. And to him it has, I know, been a labour of love to tell in simple language something of the old Gond kingdoms which flourished on and around the Satpuras, and briefly to trace the later history of the country which was once under their sway. May the Story of Gondwana help to spread more widely some knowledge of these central uplands, of their ancient past and of their manifold attractiveness at the present day.
B. R OBERTSON .
AUTHOR S PREFACE
T HE purpose of this little book is to tell briefly the Story of Gondwana, the modern Central Provinces of India. Moving up and down its plateaux and plains during the last thirteen years, seeing its old fortresses and other monuments of the past, reading isolated bits of its history in Government Gazetteers and elsewhere, I have long felt that it would be well if someone would weave together for us these scattered records into something like a connected story.
Not that Gondwana made history in the brilliant fashion which Rajasthan, and many other regions of India, did. Its earlier history is more that of one of the child races of the world. The fact, however, that it has got its own stories of romance and pathos, and that for well nigh four centuries it had its four kingdoms, ruled over by its own Gond rulers, makes all that we possess of its history worthy of being more widely known than it is at present.
A few words at the conclusion of the story on Maratha rule in Gondwana, followed as it has been by our British Administration, redeem the narrative from its otherwise rather antiquarian character, and will it is hoped give our readers some idea of what their fellow-countrymen are doing in this part of India.
I have to thank Miss Alice Woodward for her charming illustrations of the Story of Lingo, and also Mr. Hands, Jubbulpore, Mr. Shalom, Nagpur, Messrs. Herzog and Higgins, Mhow, and Mr. Lawrie, Jubbulpore, for some of the illustrations in the book, which were specially taken at my request.
EYRE NAGPUR.
To My Wife
who has been my constant companion in my journeyings in Gondwana
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
AUTHOR S PREFACE
I. OLD GONDWANA
II. GARHA AND THE NORTHERN GOND KINGDOM
III. CHAURAGARH AND THE NORTHERN GOND KINGDOM
IV. HIRDE SHAH AND THE PEDIGREE OF THE GOND KINGS OF GARHA-MANDLA
V. DEOGARH AND THE EASTERN MIDDLE GOND KINGDOM
VI. KHERLA AND THE WESTERN MIDDLE GOND KINGDOM
VII. THE SOUTHERN GOND KINGDOM
VIII. CHANDA AND THE SOUTHERN GOND KINGDOM
IX. NAGPUR-THE MARATHA PERIOD (1743-1853)
X. A PLEA FOR THE OLD JOHN COMPANY
XI. GONDWANA UNDER BRITISH RULE-EARLY DAYS
XII. GONDWANA UNDER BRITISH RULE
XIII. SOME STRANGE BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS IN GONDWANA
XIV. A FEW WORDS ON MISSION WORK IN GONDWANA
XV. THE STORY OF LINGO-
PART I. THE CREATION OF THE GOND PEOPLE AND THEIR SUBSEQUENT BONDAGE
PART II. THE BIRTH, LIFE, AND DEATH OF LINGO
PART III. THE REVIVAL OF LINGO, AND HIS DELIVERY OF THE GONDS FROM BONDAGE
PART IV. THE SUB-DIVISION OF THE GONDS INTO TRIBES-THE INSTITUTION OF WORSHIP-THE PASSING OF LINGO
INDEX
THE
STORY OF GONDWANA
CHAPTER I
OLD GONDWANA
M ORE than a generation has passed since Captain Forsyth, in his well-known work on the Highlands of Central India, first sounded the praises of Gondwana. How well it deserves those praises can only be fully understood by those who, while living in the Central Provinces, retain some recollections of the deserts of Rajputana, the dusty plains of the Punjab, or the damp and low-lying country of Bengal.
The name Gondwana seems to have been given originally to a tract of country which lies to the immediate south of the Satpura Mountains, in the northern part of the modern State of Hyderabad, a region in which certain tribes of the Gond race then lived. Later on, however, it was extended to the whole of the modern Central Provinces of India.
Gondwana of old seems to have stood quite apart from the main life and civilisation of India. Its dense forests and hilly country cut it off completely from the outer world; and those who moved down from Hindustan into the Deccan, whether armies of invasion or peaceful traders, generally passed along its western side by way of the fortress of Asirgarh, and seldom penetrated into the heart of its wild jungles. And for this reason one may search in vain for anything more than a passing reference to it in general Indian history.
Certainly by far the fullest and most interesting reference to old Gondwana is to be found in the writings of Abu-l-Fazl, the Moslem chronicler of Akbar s days. Although as a highly-cultured Moslem he clearly felt contempt for the ignorant aborigines of Gondwana, still his description seems to have been fairly accurate and is decidedly amusing. It occurs when he is writing of a projected invasion of the country by Asaf Khan, the Moslem Viceroy of Manikpur.
In the vast territories of Hindustan there is a country called Gondwana. It is the land inhabited by the tribe of Gonds, a numerous race of people, who dwell in the wilds, spend their time in eating and drinking and in the procreation of children. They are a very low race, and are held in contempt by the people of Hindustan, who look upon them as outcast from their religion and their laws. The length of the district is 300 miles. On the north lies Panna. On the south the Deccan. On the west it borders on Raisin, belonging to Malwa, and on the east Ratanpur. The country is called Garha Katanka, and contains 70,000 villages. Garha is the name of its chief city, and Katanka is the name of a place near it. These two places have given their names to the whole country. The seat of government is the fort of Chauragarh. In former times there was no one supreme ruler, but the country was ruled by several Rajahs and Rais, and at the present time, when by the will of fortune it belongs to this race, there are several Rajahs such as Rajah Garha. The fighting men of this country are chiefly infantry, horsemen being few. From the earliest establishment of the Mohammedan power in India no monarch has been able to reduce the fortresses of this country, or annex its territory.

A BIT OF SATPURA SCENERY
Now, were one asked to describe the special charm of Gondwana, a charm which distinguishes it from so much of the rest of India, one would, I think, at once point to the beautiful Satpura hills and plateaux, which lie at its very heart. Strange to say few, save those who live in Gondwana, or enterprising sportsmen in search of its big game, know of the real beauty which lies hidden away in this still rather inaccessible part of India. Even the name Satpura is hardly recognised, and the term Vindhyan, which, strictly speaking, belongs to the long range of hills and mountains which lie to the north of the Nerbudda, is still regarded by many as covering these widespread Satpura uplands which lie to the south of that river, and which reach from Khandesh to Amarkantak.
How this range received its name of Satpura is not quite certain. Some have suggested that it is a corruption of the Indian word Satputras, which would make it mean seven sons, the offspring of the Vindhyans! It seems more probable, however, that it comes from the word pura, or valley, and that it is but a name poetically descriptive of the range with its many deep valleys cutting across the main mass of mountainous country.
It is, indeed, a splendid stretch of broken highland country. Whether one finds oneself in the Gawalgarh Range near Chikalda, in the Mahadeo Range near Pachmarhi, or on the Maikal Range on the sacred plateau of Amarkantak, one is all the time in these beautiful Satpuras, far from the enervating influences of the Indian plains and enjoying an almost European climate.
What the Central Provinces would be without the Satpuras one hardly cares to think. Within its hills rise the sacred Nerbudda, 1 the most picturesque river in India, with a course of 750 miles, the Tapti with its wild and rocky bed, the Sone, the Wainganga-not to mention numerous lesser streams.
Timber of various kinds, especially teak and sal, may be seen on its hill-sides and in its valleys; and this in spite of the wanton destruction of its forests, both by axe and fire, in days gone by. Over its hills and in its valleys roam tiger, pant