Introduction to Neurological Rehabilitation

Magid Bakheit Abdel

Description

Despite the significant advances in the last few decades in the drug and surgical treatment of many neurological disorders, cure remains elusive in the majority of cases. Even after the successful treatment of the underlying disease, most patients continue to have residual motor, sensory and cognitive impairments and severe chronic disability. The disability in these cases is usually complex and is often relentlessly progressive. Rehabilitation is the mainstay of management of long-term neurological disability. There have been significant advances in neurological rehabilitation in recent years due to the improvement in understanding the mechanisms of recovery from brain trauma, stroke and other acute neurological disorders. This resulted in new therapeutic interventions that reverse or reduce the impairments or compensate for lost functional abilities. The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of muscle spasticity, the application of robotic devices to assist patients with paraplegia to walk and virtual reality-based therapy interventions are few examples. In addition, the recognition of the importance of the interaction between the person's health condition, his environmental context and his personal characteristics has led to the development of holistic rehabilitation strategies. This book aims to provide an up-to-date, concise and yet comprehensive text that covers the theoretical and clinical aspects of neurological rehabilitation. It summarises the clinical management of the common disabling neurological disorders and, at the same time, describes the theoretical rationale for the various rehabilitation interventions and medical treatments. The methods of assessment and management of the common impairments, activity limitation and restriction to social participation are described, including the use of assistive technology. The book also reviews the main medico-legal issues that rehabilitation teams encounter in their routine clinical practice.

Informations

• Publié par: Austin Macauley Publishers
• Date de parution: 30 août 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781528964937
• Langue: English

Extrait

Introduction to Neurological Rehabilitation
Abdel Magid Bakheit
Austin Macauley Publishers
2019-08-30
Introduction to Neurological Rehabilitation About the Author About the Cover Dedication Copyright Information © Preface Chapter One Neurological Disability and Its Socio-Economic Impact The incidence and prevalence of disability The changing demographic statistics and disability Total life expectancy versus healthy life expectancy The effects of chronic diseases on the prevalence of disability The effect of the quality of medical care on the prevalence of disability Disability in old age Disability in childhood Neurological disability The social and economic impact of severe neurological disability Chapter Two The Common Causes of Severe Acquired Neurological Disability Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology of TBI The Clinical Features of TBI The Clinical Course of TBI Diagnosis of TBI Treatment Raised intracranial pressure The paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome (PHS) Post-traumatic (symptomatic) epilepsy Endocrine and metabolic dysfunction Hydrocephalus The post-concussional syndrome Chronic traumatic encephalopathy The persistent and permanent vegetative state The minimally conscious state (MCS) The social consequences of TBI The prognosis of TBI Spinal Cord Injuries Clinical features The long-term consequences of SCI Treatment Prognosis Cerebral Palsy The clinical presentation of CP CP in adults Prognosis Stroke The clinical features of stroke The management of stroke The Course and Prognosis of Stroke Subdural Haematomas Clinical features Management and prognosis Subarachnoid Haemorrhage The clinical presentation of SAH The treatment of aneurysmal SAH The course and prognosis of SAH Dementia Dementia due to primary neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer’s disease Fronto-temporal dementia Lewy body dementia Dementia due to systemic diseases The clinical features and course of dementia The diagnosis of dementia The treatment and prognosis of dementia Parkinson’s Disease Clinical features The clinical course of PD The treatment and prognosis of PD Motor Neurone Disease Clinical features Course and prognosis Treatment Multiple Sclerosis Clinical features The clinical course and prognosis of MS Treatment Guillain-Barré Syndrome Clinical features Management Course and prognosis Brain and Spinal Cord Tumours Meningiomas Craniopharyngiomas Pituitary adenomas Acoustic neuromas The clinical course and prognosis of benign brain tumours Malignant brain tumours Metastatic brain tumours Spinal cord tumours Chapter Three The Mechanisms of Recovery from Acute Non-Progressive Neurological Disorders Secondary brain injury Early recovery Late recovery The mechanisms of neuroplasticity Neural repair (neuro-regeneration) Factors that influence plasticity and neural repair Neuroprotection Chapter Four The Theoretical Framework of Rehabilitation The medical and social models of disability The international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) Cure versus rehabilitation The relevance of the ICF to rehabilitation medicine The use of the ICF in medical rehabilitation Example Chapter Five Assessment of the Common Neurological Impairments, Activity Limitation and Restriction to Social Participation Assessment of the Common Neurological Impairments Dysarthria Ideational and Ideomotor Limb Apraxia Unilateral Hemispatial Neglect Impairments of Visual Function Cognitive Impairment Disturbances of mood and emotion Table 5.4 – The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Localised Muscle Weakness Spasticity/Muscle Hypertonia Limb and Trunk Ataxia Nose-finger test Fast alternating hand movements Heel-shin slide Sitting to standing Standing unsupported Standing to sitting Transfers Standing unsupported with eyes closed Standing unsupported with feet together Reaching forward with outstretched arm while standing Dysphagia Urinary and Faecal Incontinence Assessment of Activity Limitation The function-specific and disease-specific scales Global outcome measures Scales that assess the burden of care The Goal Attainment Scales Assessment of Participation Restriction Chapter Six The Process of Rehabilitation The rehabilitation team The process of rehabilitation The therapy interventions Communication within the team and with the patient and other parties Review of the patient’s response to rehabilitation Planning discharge from hospital Environmental adaptations Follow-up after discharge from hospital Rehabilitation in the community Chapter Seven The Management of the Neurological Impairments Physiotherapy and other interventions Motor Disability Dysphasia and Dysarthria Limb Apraxia Unilateral Hemispatial Neglect Impairments of Visual Function Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Cognitive Impairment Dysphagia Disturbances of Mood and Emotions Chapter Eight The Management of Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction Factors that influence social participation Chapter Nine Assistive and Therapeutic Technology in Neurorehabilitation Assistive technology Dual-purpose technology Chapter Ten Medico-Legal Issues in Neurological Rehabilitation Medical negligence Refusal of treatment, “forced treatment” and assisted suicide The professional duty to provide expert opinion Template for medico-legal reports
About the Author
Professor Bakheit graduated from medical school with first-class honours and trained in neurology and rehabilitation in London, Glasgow and Southampton. He holds PhD and MD degrees from the University of Glasgow, a master’s degree and a diploma of clinical neurology from the University of London. He is also a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London. His academic career spans more than two decades. He held the post of Lecturer in Clinical Neurology (University of Glasgow), Senior Lecturer in Rehabilitation Medicine (University of Southampton) and Professor of Neurological Rehabilitation (Universities of Plymouth and Exeter).
About the Cover
Despite the significant advances in the last few decades in the drug and surgical treatment of many neurological disorders, cure remains elusive in the majority of cases. Even after the successful treatment of the underlying disease, most patients continue to have residual motor, sensory and cognitive impairments and severe chronic disability. The disability in these cases is usually complex and is often relentlessly progressive. Rehabilitation is the mainstay of management of long-term neurological disability.
There has been significant advances in neurological rehabilitation in recent years due to the improvement in understanding the mechanisms of recovery from brain trauma, stroke and other acute neurological disorders. This resulted in new therapeutic interventions that reverse or reduce the impairments or compensate for lost functional abilities. The use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of muscle spasticity, the application of robotic devices to assist patients with paraplegia to walk and virtual reality-based therapy interventions are few examples. In addition, the recognition of the importance of the interaction between the person's health condition, his environmental context and his personal characteristics has led to the development of holistic rehabilitation strategies.
This book aims to provide an up-to-date, concise and yet comprehensive text that covers the theoretical and clinical aspects of neurological rehabilitation. It summarises the clinical management of the common disabling neurological disorders and, at the same time, describes the theoretical rationale for the various rehabilitation interventions and medical treatments. The methods of assessment and management of the common impairments, activity limitation and restriction to social participation are described, including the use of assistive technology. The book also reviews the main medico-legal issues that rehabilitation teams encounter in their routine clinical practice.
Dedication
To my mother – a woman with remarkable foresight, wisdom and great fortitude.
Copyright Information ©
Abdel Magid Bakheit (2019)
The right of Abdel Magid Bakheit to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with section 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers.
Any person who commits any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
A CIP catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
ISBN 9781528964937 (ePub e-book)
www.austinmacauley.com
First Published (2019)
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Preface
Despite the significant advances in the last few decades in the drug and surgical treatment of many neurological disorders cure remains elusive in the majority of cases. Most patients with severe neurological disease continue to have residual motor, sensory and cognitive impairments and severe chronic disability. Rehabilitation is the mainstay of the long-term disability management for these individuals.
There has been a significant increase in the research in neurological disability and in the management of chronic neurological impairments in the last few years. The use of robotic devices to assist patients with paraplegia to walk, virtual reality-based therapy interventions, and the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of muscle spasticity are few examples of the recent advances in rehabilitation medicine. This book aims to provide an up-to-date, concise, and yet comprehensive text that covers the theoretical and clinical aspects of neurological rehabilitation. It emphasises the clinical aspects of the management of the common disabling neurological diso