The James Cameron Handbook - Everything you need to know about James Cameron

Smith Emily

Description

James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian film director, film producer, screenwriter, editor, environmentalist and inventor. His writing and directing work includes Piranha II: The Spawning (1981), The Terminator (1984), Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), True Lies (1994), Titanic (1997), and Dark Angel (2000-2002). In the time between making Titanic and his return to feature films with Avatar (2009), Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films (specifically underwater documentaries), and also co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System. Described by a biographer as part-scientist and part-artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies.

This book is your ultimate resource for James Cameron. Here you will find the most up-to-date information, photos, and much more.

In easy to read chapters, with extensive references and links to get you to know all there is to know about his Early life, Career and Personal life right away. A quick look inside: James Cameron, The Terminator, Rambo: First Blood Part II, Aliens (film), The Abyss, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, True Lies, Titanic (1997 film), Ghosts of the Abyss, Avatar (2009 film).

Sujets

• Biography
• Autobiography

Informations

• Publié par: Emereo Publishing
• Date de parution: 24 octobre 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9781743441374
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

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Contents

Articles James Cameron The Terminator Rambo: First Blood Part II Aliens (film) The Abyss Terminator 2: Judgment Day True Lies Titanic (1997 film) Ghosts of the Abyss

Avatar (2009 film)

References Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Article Licenses License

1 16 26 32 43 51 65 70 91 95

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James Cameron

James Cameron

Born

Residence

Nationality

Citizenship

Education

Alma mater

Occupation

Years active

Notable works

Influenced by

Influenced

Home town

James Francis Cameron August 16, 1954 Kapuskasing, Ontario

Malibu, California

Canadian

Canadian

Brea Olinda High School

Fullerton College

James Cameron

Cameron in February 2010

Film director, producer, editor, screenwriter, environmentalist,

1978–present

The Terminator,Terminator 2: Judgment Day,Avatar,Titanic,Aliens,True Lies,The Abyss

Stanley Kubrick, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Ridley Scott, George Lucas, Roger Corman, Steven Spielberg

David Fincher, Jonathan Mostow, Kathryn Bigelow, Rupert Wyatt, McG, Sam Raimi, Robert Rodriguez, Steven Spielberg, Joss Whedon, Alister Grierson, Duncan Jones

Chippawa, Ontario

[1] James Francis Cameron(born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian film director, film producer, screenwriter, editor, [2][3][4][5] environmentalist and inventor. His writing and directing work includesPiranha II: The Spawning(1981), The Terminator(1984),Aliens(1986),The Abyss(1989),Terminator 2: Judgment Day(1991),True Lies(1994), Titanic(1997), andDark Angel(2000–2002). In the time between makingTitanicand his return to feature films with Avatar(2009), Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films (specifically underwater documentaries), and also co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System. Described by a biographer as [6] part-scientist and part-artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle [4][5][7] technologies. He has been nominated for six Academy Awards overall, and received half of them, three Oscars forTitanic. In total, Cameron's directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America and US$6 billion [8] worldwide. Without adjusting for inflation, Cameron'sTitanicandAvatarare the two highest-grossing films of all

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James Cameron

[9] time at $1.84 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. In March 2011 he was named Hollywood's top earner by [10] Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million.

Background Cameron was born in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, 1954, the son of Shirley (Lowe), an artist and nurse, and [11][12] [11] Phillip Cameron. His paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland in 1825; thus, he descends from Clan Cameron. Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario with his brother Davie Cameron and attended Stamford Collegiate School in [13] Niagara Falls; his family moved to Brea, California in 1971 when he was 17. Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a 2-year community college, in 1973 to study physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the [14] start of the fall 1974 semester. After dropping out of Sonora High School, he went to further his secondary education at Brea Olinda High School. [15] After graduating, he worked several jobs such as truck driving and wrote when he had time. During this period he taught himself about special effects: "I'd go down to the USC library and pull any thesis that graduate students had written about optical printing, or front screen projection, or dye transfers, anything that related to film technology. [16] That way I could sit down and read it, and if they'd let me photocopy it, I would. If not, I'd make notes." [17] After seeing the originalStar Warsfilm in 1977, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry. When Cameron read Syd Field's bookScreenplay, it occurred to him that integrating science and art was possible, and he wrote a ten-minute science fiction script with two friends, entitledXenogenesis. They raised money and rented camera, lenses, film stock, and studio, and shot it in 35mm. To understand how to operate the camera, they dismantled it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running.

Early career While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model [15] maker at Roger Corman Studios. Making rapidly produced, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movieBattle Beyond the Stars (1980). He did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenter'sEscape from New York(1981), acted as [18] production designer onGalaxy of Terror(1981), and consulted on the design ofAndroid(1982). Cameron was hired as the special effects director for the sequel ofPiranha, entitledPiranha II: The Spawningin 1981. The director left the project and Cameron was hired by Italian producer Assonitis to take over, giving him his first directorial job. He worked with producer Roger Corman. The interior scenes were filmed in Italy while the [19] underwater diving sequences were shot at Grand Cayman Island. The movie was to be produced in Jamaica, but when Cameron arrived at the studio, he discovered that the project was under-financed and that his crew was mainly composed of Italians who spoke no English. Experiencing considerable stress, Cameron had a nightmare about an invincible robot hitman sent from the future to kill him, [19] giving him the idea forThe Terminator, which would later catapult his filming career.

Major films

The Terminator(1984) After completing a screenplay forThe Terminator, Cameron decided to sell it so that he could direct the movie. However, the production companies he contacted, while expressing interest in the project, were unwilling to let a first-time feature film director make the movie. Finally, Cameron found a company called Hemdale Pictures, which was willing to let him direct. Gale Anne Hurd, who had started her own production company, Pacific Western Productions, had previously worked with Cameron in Roger Corman's company and agreed to buy Cameron's

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screenplay for one dollar, on the condition that Cameron direct the film. Hurd was signed on as producer, and [20] Cameron finally got his first break as director. Orion Pictures distributed the film. Initially, for the role of the Terminator, Cameron wanted someone who wasn't exceptionally muscular, and who could "blend into" a normal crowd. Lance Henriksen, who had starred inPiranha II: The Spawning, was considered for the title role, but when Arnold Schwarzenegger and Cameron first met over lunch to discuss Schwarzenegger playing the role of Kyle Reese, both came to the conclusion that the cyborg villain would be the more compelling role for the Austrian bodybuilder; Henriksen got the smaller part of LAPD detective Hal Vukovich and the role of Kyle Reese went to Michael Biehn. In addition, Linda Hamilton first appeared in this film in her iconic role of Sarah Connor, and later [12] married Cameron.

The Terminator was a box office hit, breaking expectations by Orion Pictures Cameron in September 1986 executives that the film would be regarded as no more than a sci-fi film, and only last a week in theaters. It was a low-budget film which cost $6.5 million to make, cutting expenses in such ways as recording the audio track in mono. However,The Terminatorearned eventually [21] over $78 million worldwide.

Rambo: First Blood Part II(1985) During the early 1980s, Cameron wrote three screenplays simultaneously:The Terminator,Aliens, and the first draft ofRambo: First Blood Part II. While Cameron continued withThe TerminatorandAliens, Sylvester Stallone eventually took over the script ofRambo: First Blood Part II, creating a final draft which differed radically from [22] Cameron's initial version.

Aliens(1986)

Cameron next began the sequel toAlien, the 1979 film by Ridley Scott. Cameron named the sequelAliens, and again cast Sigourney Weaver in the iconic role of Ellen Ripley. According to Cameron, the crew onAlienswas hostile to him, regarding him as a poor substitute for Ridley Scott. Cameron sought to show themThe Terminatorbut the majority of the crew refused to watch it and remained skeptical of his direction throughout production. Despite this and other off-screen problems (such as clashing with an uncooperative camera man and The producing team behindAliens, having to replace one of the lead actors–Michael Biehn ofTerminatortook James Cameron and Gale Ann Hurd. James Remar's place as Corporal Hicks),Aliensbecame a box office success, and received Academy Award nominations for Best Actress in a Leading Role for Weaver, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, Best Sound, and won awards for Best Sound Effects Editing and Best Visual Effects. In addition, the film and its lead actress made the cover ofTIMEmagazine as a result of its numerous and extensive scenes of women in combat - these were almost without precedent and expressed the feminist theme of the film very strongly.

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James Cameron

The Abyss(1989) Cameron's next project stemmed from an idea that had come up during a high school biology class. The story of oil-rig workers who discover otherworldly underwater creatures became the basis of Cameron's screenplay forThe Abyssmillion U.S., which cast Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio and Michael Biehn. Initially budgeted at $41 (though the production ran considerably over budget), it was considered to be one of the most expensive films of its time, and required cutting-edge effects technology. Because much of the film takes place underwater and the technology wasn't advanced enough to digitally create an underwater environment, Cameron chose to shoot much of the movie "reel-for-real", at depths of up to 40 feet (12 m). For creation of the sets, the containment building of an [23] unfinished nuclear power plant was converted, and two huge tanks were used. The main tank was filled with 7500000 US gallons ( L) of water, and the second with 2500000 US gallons ( L). The cast and crew resided there for much of the shooting.

Terminator 2: Judgment Day(1991) After the success ofThe Terminator, there had always been talks about a sequel to continue the story of Sarah Connor and her struggle against machines from the future. Although Cameron had come up with a core idea for the sequel, and Schwarzenegger expressed interest in continuing the story, there were still problems regarding who had the rights to the story, as well as the logistics of the special effects needed to make the sequel. Finally, in late-1980s, Mario Kassar of Carolco Pictures secured the rights to the sequel, allowing Cameron to greenlight production of the film, now calledTerminator 2: Judgment Day. [24] For the film, Linda Hamilton reprised her iconic role of Sarah Connor. In addition, Schwarzenegger also returned in his role as The Terminator, but this time as a protector. Unlike the T-800, who is made of a metal endoskeleton, the new villain of the sequel, called the T-1000, was a more advanced Terminator made of liquid metal, and with polymorphic abilities. The T-1000 would also be much less bulky than the T-800. For the role, Cameron cast Robert Patrick, a sharp contrast to Schwarzenegger. Cameron explained, "I wanted someone who was extremely fast and agile. If the T-800 is a human Panzer tank, then the T-1000 is a Porsche." Cameron had originally wanted to incorporate this advanced-model Terminator into the first film, but the special effects at the time were not advanced enough. The ground-breaking effects used inThe Abyssto digitally depict the water tentacle convinced Cameron that his liquid metal villain was now possible. TriStar Pictures agreed to distribute the film, but under a locked release date only about one year after the start of shooting. The movie, co-written by Cameron and his longtime friend, William Wisher, Jr., had to go from screenplay to finished film in just that amount of time. Like Cameron's previous film, it was one of the most expensive films of its era, with a budget of about $100 million. The biggest challenge of the movie was the special effects used in creating the T-1000. Nevertheless, the film was finished on time, and released to theaters on July 3, 1991. Terminator 2, orT2, as it was abbreviated, broke box-office records (including the opening weekend record for an R-rated film), earning over $200 million in the United States and Canada, and over $300 million in other territories, and became the highest-grossing film of that year. It won four Academy Awards: Best Makeup, Best Sound, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing, but lost both Awards toJFK. James Cameron announced a third Terminator film many times during the 1990s, but without coming out with any finished scripts. Kassar and Vajna purchased the rights to the Terminator franchise from a bankruptcy sale of [25] Carolco's assets.Terminator 3: Rise of the Machineswas eventually made and released in July 2003 without Cameron's involvement. Jonathan Mostow directed the film and Schwarzenegger returned as the Terminator. Cameron reunited with the main cast ofTerminator 2to filmT2 3-D: Battle Across Time, an attraction at Universal Studios Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Japan. It was released in 1996 and was a mini-sequel toTerminator 2: Judgment Day. The show is in two parts: a prequel segment in which a spokesperson

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James Cameron

talks about Cyberdyne, and a main feature, in which the performers interact with a 3-D movie.

True Lies(1994) Before the release ofT2, Schwarzenegger came to Cameron with the idea of making a remake of the French comedy La Totale!TitledTrue Lies, with filming beginning afterT2's release, the story revolves around a secret-agent spy who leads a double life as a married man, whose wife believes he is a computer salesman. Schwarzenegger was cast as Harry Tasker, a spy charged with stopping a plan by a terrorist to use nuclear weapons against the United States. Jamie Lee Curtis and Eliza Dushku played the character's family, and Tom Arnold the sidekick. Cameron'sLightstorm Entertainmentsigned on with Twentieth Century Fox for production ofTrue Lies. Made on a budget of $115 million and released in 1994, the film earned $146 million in North America, and $232 million abroad. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects.

Titanic(1997) Cameron expressed interest in the famous sinking of the ship RMSTitanic. He decided to script and film his next project based on this event. The picture revolved around a fictional romance story between two young lovers from different social classes who meet on board. Before production began, he took dives to the bottom of the Atlantic and shot actual footage of the ship underwater, which he inserted into the final film. Much of the film's dialogue was also written during these dives. Subsequently, Cameron cast Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Gloria Stuart, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Victor Garber, Danny Nucci, David Warner, Suzy Amis and Bill Paxton as the films' principal cast. Cameron's budget for the film reached about $200 million, making it the most expensive movie ever made at the time. Before its release, the film was widely ridiculed for its expense and protracted production schedule. Released to theaters on December 19, 1997,Titanicless in its first weekend ($28.6 million) than in its grossed second, ($35.4 million), an increase of 23.8%. This is unheard of for a widely released film, which is a testament to the movie's appeal. This was especially noteworthy, considering that the film's running time of more than three hours limited the number of showings each theater could schedule. It held the No. 1 spot on the box-office charts for months, eventually grossing a total of over $600 million in the United States and Canada and more than $1.8 billion worldwide.Titanicbecame the highest-grossing film ever made, until Cameron's 2009 filmAvatar. The CG visuals [26] surrounding the sinking and destruction of the ship were considered spectacular. Despite criticism during production of the film, it received a record-tying 14 Oscar nominations (tied withAll About Eve) at the 1998 Academy Awards. It won 11 Oscars (also record-tying withBen-Hurand laterThe Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King), including Best Picture, Editing, Sound, Special Effects, Music and Score, and the Best Director award for [27] Cameron. Upon receiving the award, Cameron exclaimed, "I'm king of the world!", in reference to one of the main characters' lines from the film. In March 2010, Cameron revealed thatTitanicwill be re-released in 3D in April [28] 2012, in order to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the actual ship.

Spider-ManandDark Angel(2000–2002) Cameron had initially next planned to do a film of the comic book character Spider-Man, a project developed by Menahem Golan of Cannon Films. Columbia hired David Koepp to adapt Cameron's treatment into a screenplay, and Koepp's first draft is taken often word-for-word from Cameron's story, though later drafts were heavily rewritten by Koepp himself, Scott Rosenberg, and Alvin Sargent. Columbia preferred to credit David Koepp solely, and none of the scripts before or after his were ever examined by the Writers Guild of America, East to determine proper credit attribution. Cameron and other writers objected, but Columbia and the WGA prevailed. In its release in 2002, [29] Spider-Manhad its screenplay credited solely to Koepp.

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Unable to makeSpider-Man, Cameron moved to television and createdDark Angel, a superheroine-centered series influenced by cyberpunk, biopunk, contemporary superhero franchises, and third-wave feminism. Co-produced with Charles H. Eglee,Dark Angelstarred Jessica Alba as Max Guevara, a genetically enhanced transgenic super-soldier created by a secretive organization. Cameron's work was said to "bring empowered female warriors back to television screens[...] by mixing the sober feminism of hisThe TerminatorandAlienscharacters with the sexed-up [30] Girl Power of a Britney Spears concert." While a success in its first season, low ratings in the second led to its cancellation. Cameron himself directed the series finale, a two-hour episode wrapping up many of the series' loose ends.

Documentaries (2002–2009) In 1998 James and John David Cameron formed a digital media company, earthship.tv which became Earthship [31] Productions. The company produced live multimedia documentaries from the depths of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. With Earthship Productions, John Cameron's recent projects have included undersea documentaries on the Bismarck(Expedition: Bismarck, 2002) and theTitanic(Ghosts of the Abyss(2003, in IMAX 3D) andTony [32] Robinson's Titanic Adventurewas a producer on the 2002 film(2005)). He Solaris, and narratedThe Exodus Decoded. Cameron is a leading advocate for stereoscopic digital 3-D films. In a 2003 interview about his IMAX 2D [33] documentaryGhosts of the Abyss, he mentioned that he is "going to do everything in 3D now". He has made similar statements in other interviews.Ghosts of the AbyssandAliens of the Deep(also an IMAX documentary) were both shot in 3-D and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Walden Media, and Cameron did the same for his new project,Avatarfor 20th Century Fox & Sony Pictures' Columbia Pictures. He intends to use the same technology for The Dive,Sanctumand an adaptation of the manga seriesBattle Angel Alita. Cameron was the founder and CEO of Digital Domain, a visual effects production and technology company. In addition, he plans to create a 3-D project about the first trip to Mars. ("I've been very interested in the Humans to Mars movement—the 'Mars Underground'—and I've done a tremendous amount of personal research for a novel, a [34] [35] miniseries, and a 3-D film.") He is on the science team for the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory. Cameron announced on February 26, 2007, that he, along with his director, Simcha Jacobovici, have documented the unearthing of the Talpiot Tomb, which is alleged to be the tomb of Jesus. Unearthed in 1981 by Israeli construction workers, the names on the tomb are claimed, by Cameron, to correlate with the names of Jesus and several individuals closely associated with him. Cameron further claims to have DNA tests, archaeological evidence, and Biblical studies to back up his claim. The documentary, namedThe Lost Tomb of Jesus, was broadcast on the Discovery Channel on March 4, 2006.

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Avatar(2009)

In June 2005, Cameron was announced to be working on a project tentatively titled "Project 880" (now known to beAvatar) in parallel with another project, [36] Battle AngelBoth(an adaptation of the manga series Battle Angel Alita). movies were to be shot in 3D. By December, Cameron stated that he wanted to filmBattle Angelfirst, followed byAvatar. However in February 2006, he switched goals for the two film projects and decided to filmAvatarfirst. He mentioned that if both films are successful, he would be interested in seeing a [37] trilogy being made for both.

Avataran estimated budget of over $300 million and was released on had [38] December 18, 2009. This marked his first feature film since 1997'sTitanic. It is composed almost entirely of computer-generated animation, using a more advanced version of the "performance capture" technique used by director Robert Cameron promotingAvatarduring [39] Zemeckis inThe Polar Express. James Cameron wrote an 80 page scriptment the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con [40] forAvatarin 1995 and announced in 1996 that he would make the film after completingTitanic. In December 2006, Cameron explained that the delay in producing the film since the 1990s had been to wait until the technology necessary to create his project was [41] advanced enough. The film was originally scheduled to be released in May 2009 but was pushed back to December 2009 to allow more time for post production on the complex CGI and to give more time for theatres [42] [43] worldwide to install 3D projectors. Cameron originally intendedAvatarThe film went on toto be 3D-only. [44] break the record for highest-grossing film ever, beating Cameron's previous filmTitanic.Avataralso became the first movie to ever earn more than $2 billion worldwide. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best [45] Picture and Best Director, and won three for Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects and Best Art Direction. Cameron lost the award for Best Director to his ex-wife, Kathryn Bigelow, who also took Best Picture with her film The Hurt Locker.

Cameron was declared as the highest earner in Hollywood for 2010 earning $257 million for his blockbuster hit, in a [46] survey listing the top 40 earners by Vanity Fair. Technical merits notwithstanding, critics of "Avatar" have pointed out that it continues to perpetrate the "White [47] Messiah" myth. Film-maker Neil Diamond described it in an interview as "Dances with Pocahontas in Space." [48]

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Planned films In October 2010, Cameron signed an agreement with Fox to direct two sequels to Avatar, which are scheduled to be released in December 2014 and December 2015. Another project Cameron has announced a personal commitment to shoot is a film on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as told through the story of Tsutomu Yamaguchi, [49] a man who survived both attacks. Cameron met with Yamaguchi just days before he died in 2010.

Awards

Cameron received the Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1991—but, being primarily thought of as a genre filmmaker, he did not receive any major mainstream filmmaking awards prior to Titanic. WithTitanic, Cameron received Academy Awards for Best Film Editing (shared with Conrad Buff and Richard A. Harris), Best Picture (shared with Jon Landau), and Best Director. He also won a Golden Globe Award for best director for the film.

In recognition of "a distinguished career as a Canadian filmmaker", Carleton University, Ottawa, awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts on June 13, 1998. Cameron accepted the degree in person and gave the Convocation Address. Cameron receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in He also received an honorary doctorate in October 1998 from Brock University December 2009 in St. Catharines, Ontario, for his accomplishments in the international film industry. In 1998, Cameron attended convocation to receive an honorary doctorate of Laws from Ryerson University, Toronto. The university awards its highest honor to those who have made extraordinary contributions in Canada, or internationally. [50] In 1999, Cameron received the honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from California State University, Fullerton, where he had been a student in the 1970s. He received the degree at the university's annual Commencement exercises that year, where he gave the keynote speech. In recognition of his contributions to underwater filming and remote vehicle technology, the University of Southampton awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of the University. Cameron received his degree in person at the graduation ceremony in July 2004. [51] On June 3, 2008, it was announced that he would be inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame. On December 18, 2009, the same dayAvatarwas released worldwide, Cameron received the 2,396th star on the Hollywood Walk of [52] Fame. On February 28, 2010 James Cameron was honored with a Visual Effects Society (VES) Lifetime Achievement Award. WithAvatar, Cameron has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Picture (shared with Jon Landau), Best Director and Best Film Editing (shared with John Refoua and Stephen E. Rivkin) and received the Golden [53] Globe for Best Picture and Best Director. Cameron andAvatarlost the Academy Awards for Best Director and [54] Best Picture to Cameron's former wife Kathryn Bigelow for her film,The Hurt Locker. [55] On September 24, 2010 James Cameron was named Number 1 in The 2010 Guardian Film Power 100 list. In a list compiled by the British magazine New Statesman in September 2010, he was listed 30th in the list of "The [56] World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".

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