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English
Ebooks
2013
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28
pages
English
Ebook
2013
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Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
02 novembre 2013
Nombre de lectures
15
EAN13
9781630222505
Langue
English
Publié par
Date de parution
02 novembre 2013
Nombre de lectures
15
EAN13
9781630222505
Langue
English
Table Of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: A Brief Background on Soap and Soap Making
Chapter 2: Soap Making Terminology and Materials
Chapter 3: Soap Making Methods
Chapter 4: Marketing Your Soap Products
Conclusion
Introduction
First and foremost, thank you very much for purchasing and downloading the e book, Soap Making Reloaded: How to Make a Soap from Scratch Quickly Safely: A Simple Guide for Beginners Beyond.
This book provides readers with an overview of the process of soap making-from its humble beginnings in the outskirts of Ancient Babylon all the way to putting up a soap making business.
In addition, soap making methods are also discussed here together with a few relatively easy soap recipes. It is hoped that readers will find themselves interested in soap making, and that they will be encouraged to try it out to experience the whole process first hand.
Again, thank you for downloading this book and I hope you enjoy it
Chapter 1: A Brief Background on Soap and Soap Making
Soap is a cleaning product that is made from natural substances such as castor, olive oil, coconut oil, tallow, and vegetable oil. It is basically a combination of vegetable oil (or animal fat) plus caustic soda, and throughout time it has been used for washing wool in the textile industry, for curing skin diseases and other skin breakouts, and for dyeing hair. Today, soap has managed to integrate itself into our culture and our daily lives, and it has become a primary means of keeping oneself clean and hygienic. The soap as we know it now is a product of numerous modifications and improvements over the course of centuries.
To fully appreciate the soap making process, it is important to first know about its humble beginnings. This chapter will talk about the history of soap in brief, and it will also give you an overview of the most common types of soap.
The History of Soap
Soap is perhaps one of the most used skin care products all over the world, and it has actually been around much longer than we would have thought. In fact, the very first evidence of soap like material has been dated to have existed at around 2800 B.C. in the outskirts of Ancient Babylon. The Babylonians were the first people to have mastered soap making, and they crafted their soaps from boiled fats and ashes. For at least 5 millennia, soap was utilized for cleaning cotton, wool, and cooking materials as well as for medicinal purposes. It didn t actually start out as something that was used for bathing or personal hygiene.
In Egypt (1550 B.C.), it was described in the Ebers papyrus how animal and vegetable oils were combined with alkaline salts to create soapy substances. These were used for treating skin sores and diseases. The Ancient Greeks, on the other hand, did not wash with soap. Instead, they used water, clay, sands, pumice, and ashes to wash themselves while they used oil for treating skin ailments. It was in the 2 nd century A.D. when Galen, the famous Greek physician, said that washing with soap is highly recommended to prevent skin diseases.
Like the Greeks, the Romans used sand and pumice to clean their bodies. However, soap was also known to be very popular throughout the Roman Empire, as an entire soap factory was found in the Pompeii ruins following Mt. Vesuvius eruption in 79 A.D. The Ancient Germans and the Gauls used soap to decorate their hair, and their soaps were made from ashes and animal fat.
The Arabs were the first to make soap from vegetable oils, aromatic oils, and lye. In the 7 th century A.D., soap was manufactured in places such as Basra, Nablus, and Kufa. Perfumed and colored soaps were made, and these came in both solid and liquid forms. Special soaps for shaving were also produced.
Marseilles (in France) and Savona (in Italy) became the focal points of soap making by 1200 A.D. Soap making became very popular in Spain and Italy where soaps were made with Beech tree ashes and goat fat. At around the same time, the French started producing soap with olive oil. Fragrances eventually became one of the most used ingredients in soaps and thus, manufacture of soaps for bathing, shampooing, and laundry began.
Industrially manufactured soaps became readily available in the late 18 th century. This big leap in wide scale soap making can be attributed to the discoveries of two French chemists, namely Nicholas Leblanc and Michael Chevreul. Leblanc patented a technique for creating soda ash (sodium carbonate) from commonly available salts in 1791, while Chevreul learned the chemical nature and the relationships of glycerine, fatty acids, and fats.
Later on, the Castille region of Spain also became well known as a soap making center, as they were the first to create hard, white bars of soap made from olive oil. In fact, Castille soaps are still very popular up to this day, with simple recipes available for those who wish to make their first soap.
The commercial soaps that we know today came into being during the First World War. After the war and until the 1930 s, the batch kettle boiling method was used to manufacture soap. Eventually, Procter Gamble came up with a continuous process that reduced the time for soap production to less than a day. This method is still being used by the big soap companies today.
Types of Soap
Many types of soap are available in the market, each with a different purpose. Soaps can be used for personal hygiene, dishwashing, laundry, pet cleaning, etc. There are hard soaps and soft soaps, and there are also those that fall in between. The hardness of soaps can be attributed to the amount of hardening agents in its recipe, and the main categorization of soaps is according to its usage. The different types of soaps include:
1. Kitchen Soaps
As the name suggests, these soaps are intended for use in the kitchen. They can be further categorized into two types:
Cleansers: The main purpose of cleansers is to get rid of solid particles, heavy oil, and hard to remove stains. They are usually filled with mild abrasives.