Higher Education In India

Rao Dr. Edara Venkata

Description

With one of the youngest population in the world, India is considered a world leader of the next generation. There are many industries in which India is at the forefront including Information Technology, Media, IT enabled services, Outsourcing, Telecommunication et al. But is the Indian education system ready to fuel the next wave of global leaders by providing them the right knowledge, adequate infrastructure and exemplary skills required to succeed? In this ground-breaking book, Dr. Venkata Rao Edara, a global champion in education aims to decode the India Higher Education system and offer an in-depth overview of the sector. In this book you will see Dr. Edara masterly analysing everything from the general setup of the education sector in India and the trends being witnessed in the industry, to the potential of India becoming a higher education powerhouse. His research on the higher education sector in various countries such as USA, China, Russia, South Korea & South Africa and its further comparison with India makes this book aptly positioned to lead the much required positive change which this sector needs. An educationist for 24 years, Dr. Edara displays rare insight and professional prowess while dealing with the issues plaguing the current education sector in the country and provides a skilful understanding of the way forward. This book is a must read for students, academicians, policy makers and professionals looking to make a mark in the education sector.

Sujets

• Education

Informations

• Publié par: Diamond Books
• Date de parution: 06 avril 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9789352965175
• Langue: English

Extrait

HIGHER EDUCATION
IN INDIA
Trends and Future Direction
 

 
eISBN: 978-93-5296-517-5
© Author
Publisher: Amrit Books
231, Sector 15A, Noida-201301
Phone: [phone]
Editorials: BigBoyzConsulting, Noida
Edition: 2018
Higher Education In India: Trends and Future Direction
By - Dr. Venkata Rao Edara
 
 
 
 
 
Dedicated to my beloved parents, Smt. Singamma & Shri. Anjaneyulu
Preface
This book was motivated by my desire to explore the education system in India in general and higher education in particular and to study the differences between India's higher education and some of the world's top countries' education systems.
I was inspired by the dynamic and visionary leader, the honourable chief minister of Andhra Pradesh (AP),
Shri Nara Chandrababu Naidu Garu, and his ambitious growth plans towards education and research and for making AP as an education and knowledge hub in India.
One of the main goals of this book is to provide an overview of various types of educational institutes in India from school level to higher education in engineering, science, arts and other fields. I have great pleasure in presenting details of higher education system in India and various types of colleges, institutes of prominence in India.
It has been my intention to study the policies and structure of education system in India and make suggestions for improving the system by implementing the latest technology to make it world-class in today's globalized and competitive world.
I would like to thank the honourable HRD minister of Andhra Pradesh State, Shri Ganta Srinivasa Rao Garu for his encouragement and motivation. My gratitude also goes to all those who shared knowledge, insightful comments. My appreciation also extends to all my colleagues in the education department of Andhra Pradesh state and all my mentors and friends in the past and present. I wish to thank all my family members for their constant support during writing of this book.
I hope to provide a better understanding of India's education system, policies, and how it fares in comparison to other top countries' education systems and institutes in various fields like engineering, medicine, science, and arts etc. I sincerely hope that you enjoy reading and benefit from the content in this book! As there is always scope for improvement, all suggestions from readers are most welcome.
– Author
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Chapter One
Higher Education System
Importance of Higher Education
Structure of Higher Education in India
Chapter Two
Types of Higher Education in India
Current State of These Centres
Chapter Three
India’s Higher Education Policy
Chapter Four
Ministry of Education [Department of Higher Education]
Role of Government in Higher Education
Chapter Five
Modification to India’s Higher Education
Reforms to Revive the System
Chapter Six
Statistics of India’s Higher Education
Essential Points of AISHE
The Future of India’s Higher Education
Chapter Seven
Lists of Institutions of Higher Education in India
List of Private Universities in India
List of State Universities in India
List of Central Universities in India
List of Deemed Universities in India
Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs)
Medical Colleges
Law Schools
Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs)
Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs)
Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs)
Economic Schools
Architecture Schools
Conclusion
Bibliography
Webliography
Introduction
Education System in India
By number of people, India is the second largest country in the world, only behind China. In fact, according to a UN report published in 2017, the growing Indian population is estimated to surpass that of China and become the most populous country by as early as 2024. With a median age of less than 27 years, India boasts of one of the youngest population in the world.
With a young core in its Centre, India arguably, has the largest and probably the most complex school system in the world, alongside China. There are more than 1.4 million schools and according to the latest 2011 census, the literacy rate in India has seen a dramatic increase from 64.83% to 74.04% within ten years. 1 The gap between male and female literacy rates was also observed to be on the decline; 2 this improvement is largely due to the impact of several government measures. This improving system is cited as a major contributor to the country’s economic development. Global reports suggest that a substantial amount of workforce will be provided by India to the world platform in the near future, and, if we are willing to accept, India’s Education System will play a significant role in this probable offing.
Literacy Rates in %
Source : MHRD Census year Persons Males Females 1951 18.3 27.2 8.9 1961 28.3 40.4 15.4 1971 34.5 46.0 22.0 1981 43.6 56.4 29.8 1991 52.2 64.1 39.3 2001 64.8 75.3 53.7 2011 73.0 80.9 64.6
(Table 1: Literacy Rate Percentage in India by Census Year)
From the very little information afore-provided, there has been, undoubtedly, significant progress in India’s Education System over the last few years. But before we explicitly consider these improvements in recent years, we need to understand that historically, India’s education traces its root to the Gurukul system where the ‘Shishya’(student) would go to the ‘Guru’ (teacher) and asked to be tutored. The student would live in the house of the teacher as long as (s)he desires or until the teacher has supposedly passed on all he could and all he knows.
This transfer of knowledge passed on from one generation to another became the core of India’s education system until the time when schools were introduced by the British during the Colonial era. The modern school followed a curriculum; Mathematics, Science, etc. were the core subjects of lectures unlike the Sanskrit, Scriptures, and Metaphysics of the ancient system. The former was more nature-oriented and there was a close relationship between the teacher and the student, and learning was not confined to memorizing certain information while the latter was a system which was more classroom oriented.
Today, the Education System followed in India is predominantly based on the one which was laid by the British. Undoubtedly, India has contributed immensely to the world of innovation with her Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), globally renowned Law and Medical colleges that are worthy of boast. However, there needs to be a revised focus on other influential areas for the development of the economy – such as the production of artists, writers, entrepreneurs, scientists, etc.
Education in India is funded and controlled in three levels (namely central, state and local), and provided by both the public and private sectors in the ratio 7:5. The Right to Education Act (2009) made education free and compulsory for children between ages 6 and 14. There is a near uniform pattern of education ‘10+2+3’ which is followed by most central and most state education boards. 3 The pattern shows 10 years of study in schools, two years in junior colleges and three years for a Bachelor’s degree. 4 The 10+2 years is subdivided into two parts: 8 years of elementary education (which consists of primary – for children between 6 and 10 years old – and upper primary – for children between 11 and 14 years old) and four years of secondary education (which comprises secondary – for children between 14 and 16 years old – and senior secondary – for children between 16 and 18 years old). 5
Overview of Indian Education Sector

(Figure 1: Overview of Indian Education Sector)
The last decade and more witnessed a rapid increase in public spending on education until recently where the government’s budgeted expenditure on education showed an embarrassing decline. The education expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) was on the rise from 3.3 per cent in 2004-05 to 4.57 per cent in 2013-14, only to drop to 3.65 per cent in 2016-17. The expenditure as a share of GDP has fallen from 0.63 per cent to 0.47 per cent between 2013 and 2018. 6
Enrolment of students increased by 12.53 percent between the Seventh and Eight All India School Education Survey which also noted an increase of 26.77 percent in the increased spending and expansion of India Education System in 2009. There has been an increase in the numbers of schools from 1.1 million in 2004-05 to over 1.5 million in 2015-16. The numbers of teachers increased from 5.8 million in 2004-05 to 6.7 million in 2011-12 but have since been experiencing a decline in numbers to 8.6 million in 2015-16 from a staggering 9 million in 2012-13. 7

(Figure 2: Number of Teachers in India – in Millions)
Although registration into the Education System is compulsory, attendance is not enforced resulting in only 50% of Indian children that actively go to school. Earlier in India, a student having completed his/her tenth grade was left to choose from limited options of Science, Arts or Commerce but there is a wider range of diversities in the current system.
The introduction of technology, diversity of career options, investments by international private schools, has contributed to the development of the Indian Education System.
In spite of the seeming positivity and advancement in the country’s system, Indian education still suffers from some challenges that require immediate reforms. This is one of the reasons why students now opt to go abroad to further their studies having completed their graduation in India.
It is rightly said that there are three certainties of life in India: Taxes, Death and a Need to modify the educational system in this ever-transforming world.

1 . Data from Census of India 2011
2 . http://populationcommission.nic.in/content/933_1_LiteracyRate.aspx
3 .National