Creating Systems of Innovation in Africa

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The most popularised concept in the economics of innovation literature has been the national system of innovation (NSI). It was in the late 1980s that the concept that Frederik List coined as the �National Political Economy of Production� took off again with different thinkers writing about the peculiarities and distinctions of the Japanese, American, British, German, East Asian Tigers and other varieties of system construction. Freeman defines National System of Innovation as �the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diff use new technologies.� Richard Nelson defines it as �a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance of national firms. Lundvall defines the system of innovation as the �elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new and economically useful knowledge and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state.� The normative assumption is that those nations that succeeded in building economic strength relied on the science, engineering, technology and innovation capability that made them to achieve an innovation advantage to put them ahead in the world, acquiring national or regional economic leadership as the case may be depending on what level of analyses is selected to look at particular failure, success or progress they made. In this volume we have a glimpse of how in different African economies from Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria specific cases have been taken to explore how systems of innovation is evolving.

Sujets

• Development studies

Informations

• Publié par: Africa Institute of South Africa
• Date de parution: 29 janvier 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780798303453
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

Creating Systems of Innovation in Africa: Country Case Studies Edited by Mammo Muchie and Angathevar Baskaran

Creating Systems of Innovation in Africa: Country Case studies

First Copublished in 2012 by the

Africa Institute of South Africa PO Box 630 Pretoria 0001 South Africa

and the

Institute for Economic Research on Innovation Tshwane University of Technology 159 Skinner Street Pretoria 0001 South Africa

ISBN:9780798303477

© Copyright 2012 Africa Institute of South Africa

The chapters in this volume were initially published as articles in the African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development in 2011.

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The Africa Institute of South Africa is a think tank and research organisation, focusing on political, socioeconomic, international and development issues in contemporary Africa. The Institute conducts research, publishes books, monographs, occasional papers, policy briefs and a quarterly journal – Africa Insight. The Institute holds regular seminars on issues of topical interest. It is also home to one of the best library and documentation centres worldwide, with materials on every African country.

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DEDICATION

Mikael and Adey Muchie and all the children of Africa to stand up and innovate a strong, free, confident, independent and proud Africa.

Table of Contents

Preace

Contributing authors

Introduction Mammo Muchie and Angathevar Baskaran

CHAPTER 1 Research Typology and Knowledge Needs or Development in Arica Robert Joumard and Ménouèr Boughedaoui

Introductîon Dîferent Types o Research The Knowedge Economy Research System and îts Connectîon wîth Deveopment Producîng Knowedge Locay Programme to Strengthen Research-deveopîng Capabîîtîes în Arîca Concusîon Notes Reerences

CHAPTER 2 Ghana’s Innovation System What’s Wrong Wîth ït, and Why Jo Lorentzen

Introductîon Context Methodoogy and Data Natîona Innovatîon System în Ghana Concusîons and Recommendatîons Notes Reerences

CHAPTER 3 Labour Productivity, Exports and Skills Formation Comparîng Foreîgn and Loca Fîrms în Kenyan Manuacturîng Geofrey Gachino

Introductîon Comparîng oreîgn and oca irms

v

vîî

îx

1

1 2 8 12 13 14 16 17 17

21

21 22 23 25 38 41 42

46

46 48

i

Data and methodoogîca approach Determînants o abour productîvîty Determînants o exports Determînants o skîed abour Concusîons Notes TABLE OF CONTENTS Reerences

ii

CHAPTER 4 Innovative Approaches to Industrial Utilisation o Cassava in a Developing Economy Abolaji D. Dada, Godwin A. Ali, Oladele O. AFolabi, and Williams O. Siyanbola

Introductîon Scîence and Technoogy în Agrîcuture Cassava Productîon în Nîgerîa: The Trend Cassava Processîng and Marketîng Opportunîtîes Constraînts acîng the Cassava sub-sector în Nîgerîa Concusîons and Poîcy Recommendatîons Reerences

CHAPTER 5 Enhancing Innovation in Developing Country Systems A Synthesîs o Case Studîes and Lessons rom Uganda* Kiggundu Rose

Introductîon Theoretîca Background and Anaytîca Framework Case Studîes Comparatîve Overvîew, Concudîng Observatîons and Poîcy Inerences Notes Reerences Abbrevîatîons

CHAPTER 6 Innovation Financing, Industrial production and the Growth o Nigeria’s Non-oil Exports Emmanuel Sebastian Akpan, Hodo Bassey Riman, and Helen Walter Mboto

Introductîon Theoretîca Background and Revîew o Lîterature Cross-Country Innovatîon Strategy and Technoogy Acquîsîtîon Methodoogy Presentatîon o Empîrîca Resut Concusîons and Poîcy Recommendatîons

51 55 60 67 74 74 75

78

78 79 81 83 90 93 95

97

97 99 104 113 116 116 119

121

121 123 130 134 136 138

Reerences

Abbrevîatîons

140 143

CHAPTER 7 A Firm-Level Analysis o Technological Externality o Foreign Direct Investment in South Arica  144 Abdelrasaq Al-Suyuti Na-Allah and Mammo Muchie

Introductîon Skî Constraînts, Aggomeratîon Economîes and Technoogîca Externaîty o FDI Debate Maîn Hypotheses Mode Specîicatîon, Data and Varîabe Constructîon Resuts Concusîons Notes Reerences

144

147 151 153 159 163 164 165

CHAPTER 8 A Consensual Approach to Domain-Partitioning o a Cancer Data Sample Space  168 Lessons rom Tanzanîa Kassim S. Mwitondi and Khamza K. Maunda

Introductîon Lîterature revîew Research methodoogy Anayses, resuts and înterpretatîons Dîscussîons, Concudîng Remarks and Potentîa Dîrectîons Reerences

CHAPTER 9 Remote Sensing and Geological Investigation o Okemesi Area, Southwestern Nigeria Olusiji Samuel Ayodele

Introductîon Regîona Geoogîc Settîng Loca Geoogy o the Study Area Method o Study Resuts and Dîscussîon

Concusîons

Reerences

CHAPTER 10 Conclusion Mammo Muchie and Angathevar Baskaran

169 170 172 179 190 192

194

194 195 196 198 201 207 208

211

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

Preface

The South African Research Initiative (SARChI) started the research apply- ing the innovation systems theory approach to African problems of develop- ment and structural transformation since 2008. Throughout the last four years the SARChI chair has concentrated research on innovation to address the challenges of African development inspired by the vision that Africa’s bright future is better created by making it rather than predicting a destina- tion to reach at some unknown date. The SARChI started the African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development in 2008 and we have published four issues every year, it is the expectation that six issues will be published in 2013 with Taylor and Francis publishers. This has been an important outlet for emergent African researchers as nearly 70 per cent of those who publish in the journal are Africans both in Africa and abroad. The objective is to create a publishing outlet in Africa with ISI listing This will enable researchers to produce and publish research papers that are peer reviewed with high impact factors. The African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development is firmly on track in achieving the recognition and rating that will make it sustainable. It is one of the key milestones of the DST/NRF Research chair in innovation and development that Tshwane University was offered. The journal has a website: www.ajstid.com This book series is another milestone of the SARChI chair initiated. This volume has the distinction in 2012 of being the first to start the production of a series of books on the systematic application of the innovation system approach to the challenges and opportunities of accelerating and fully real- ising the creation of an African national innovation system. The application of systems of innovation framing and theories to African problems of devel- opment is still new. The field has been dominated by development studies. This book series offers an alternative by proposing systems of innovation approach to generate knowledge, learning and competence building in Africa as a primary highway for Africa to make the development journey into the future. In the African context, the combination of innovation with development is a big challenge. It is not easy to do it. The main reason is that Africa’s economic development has been constrained by the load it still suffers from the colonial legacy. The states as they exist are divided and when they form regions, they still remain divided. There are claims that Africa’s fortunes are changing and conflicts are decreasing. There are some economies that are growing by over seven per cent. Democratisation is slowly and surely

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