Legislating for Wales

Daniel Greenberg, Thomas Watkin

Description

Prior to the start of the twenty-first century, laws were made for Wales by the Parliament at Westminster. Devolution, and the creation of the National Assembly, has given Wales another legislature that does not replace the UK Parliament but shares in its law-making activity regarding certain subjects. This book considers how legislation is made for Wales; its primary focus is law-making by the National Assembly and the Welsh Government, but the role of Westminster and Whitehall is also observed. The purpose of this volume is to raise a critical awareness of what is involved in sound law-making – it is intended not only for those who prepare and make legislation within the institutions of government, but equally also for the citizens whose lives are affected by that legislation, and who have an interest in the quality of the laws that govern them and the society in which they live. This is the first such work to consider these issues from a Welsh perspective.

Contents
Series Preface
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Table of Cases
Table of Assembly Measures
Table of Assembly Acts
Table of Assembly Bills
Table of United Kingdom Acts
Table of Statutory Instruments
Table of Standing Orders of the National Assembly for Wales
1. Legislation and Legislatures
2. From Ideas to Policy
3. From Policy to Proposal
4. The National Assembly for Wales: Competence and Constraints
5. People and Preparation
6. From Proposals to Provisions
7. Process and Promulgation
8. Implementation and Interpretation
9. Other Legislatures and Their Legislative Processes
Conclusion
Select Bibliography
Index

Sujets

• Droit et juridique
• Law
• Wales

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 01 septembre 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781786833013
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 36 Mo

Extrait

T H E P U B L I C L A W O F W A L E S

Legislating for Wales

T H E P U B L I C L A W O F W A L E S

Legislating for Wales

Thomas Glyn Watkin with Daniel Greenberg

UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS 2018

© Thomas Gyn Watkîn and Danîe Greenberg, 

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Series Preface

or severa centurîes ater the unîon o the two countrîes under the Tudors, the F aws whîch appîed în Engand and the aws whîch appîed în Waes were amost exacty îdentîca. Athough admînîstered dîferenty în Waes by the courts o Great Sessîon, the aws were not dîferent. Ony în the nîneteenth century, barey ha a century ater the aboîtîon o the Great Sessîons în 1830, dîd aws begîn to be made or Waes whîch dîd not appy în neîghbourîng Engand. The number o such aws however remaîned sma when compared wîth those whîch were common to both countrîes. Engand and Waes was a sînge aw dîstrîct wîth a sînge aw – the aw o Engand and Waes, whîch was în reaîty Engîsh aw. Devoutîon has changed that sîtuatîon sîgnîficanty. The creatîon o the Natîona Assemby or Waes and îts subsequent acquîsîtîon o prîmary aw-makîng powers has meant that there îs now a growîng number o dîferences between the aws whîch appy în Waes and those whîch appy în Engand. Athough în the majorîty o cases, the aws o the two countrîes remaîn the same, there îs an încreasîng dîver- gence în the rues reatîng to those matters whîch have been devoved. In truth, there are now three bodîes o aw în Engand and Waes: one whîch appîes ony în Waes; a second whîch appîes ony în Engand, and a thîrd whîch appîes în both countrîes. Whenever the Natîona Assemby egîsates or Waes or the Unîted Kîngdom Parîament egîsates ony or Engand, the dîvergence încreases. As that dîvergence încreases, so does the împortance that awyers, aw students and the pubîc shoud be abe to înorm themseves o what the aw îs în Waes. Peope need to know the aws whîch govern theîr îves rom the perspectîve o the socîety în whîch they îve. In both countrîes, awyers need to know what the aw îs on eîther sîde o the border. The temptatîon has been to present the aw whîch appîes în Waes în terms o the aw whîch appîes în Engand, whîe merey notîng the dîferences. As dîvergence încreases, that approach becomes not merey unhepu rom a Wesh perspectîve, but unacceptabe. The purpose o thîs serîes thereore îs to present to the proessîons and to the pubîc an account o the aw as ît appîes în Waes în the areas where there îs now dîvergence, and în so doîng to both redress the deficît and provîde the oundatîon or a ega îterature to serve the dîstînct needs o Waes.

Thomas Gyn Watkîn

Contents

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Serîes Preace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xî Preace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xîîî Acknowedgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvîî

Tabe o Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xîx Assemby Standîng Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Tabe o Assemby Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Tabe o Assemby Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Tabe o Assemby Bîs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxî Tabe o Unîted Kîngdom Acts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxîî Tabe o Statutory Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

Legislation and Legislatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Legîsatîon: the word and îts meanîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Impîcatîons o these meanîngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The phases o egîsatîon as an actîvîty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Termînoogy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The egîsatîve înîtîatîve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The authorîty to enact: deîberatîon and decîsîon-makîng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The executîve branch o government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The government o the Unîted Kîngdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The hîstory o Wesh devoutîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 The Wesh Government and the Wesh Mînîsters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 The Cîvî Servîce and the Assemby Commîssîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 The chaenge o egîsatîng or Waes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

From Ideas to Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Legîsatîon, government and the rue o aw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 The need or egîsatîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Ideas or egîsatîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Propery thought through poîcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Poîcy: the word, îts meanîng and the împîcatîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 The actîon and îts consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Eicacy and împact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Answerîng the questîons: evîdence and anaysîs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 The case or change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

viiiPublic Law of Wales The

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Generatîng optîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 The preerred optîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

From Policy to Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 The changes to the aw that can be made. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Freedom and egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Freedom or îberty as the deaut posîtîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 The prîncîpe o proportîonaîty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Lega dutîes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Enorcîng ega dutîes and caîm rîghts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Methods o enorcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Fundamenta ega concepts: the statîc set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 The concept o a ega power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Fundamenta ega concepts: the dynamîc set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Cassîficatîons o egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Choîces o egîsature and o kînds o egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

The National Assembly for Wales: Competence and Constraints . 79 Terrîtorîa îmîtatîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Subject-matter competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Enorcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Incîdenta and consequentîa provîsîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Genera restrîctîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Extent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Compatîbîîty wîth EU aw and human rîghts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Chaenges to egîsatîve competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Secretary o State înterventîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

People and Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 The bî team: îts composîtîon and unctîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Persons wîth an înterest în egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Preparatîon o înstructîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 The structure o a egîsatîve proposa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Respondîng constructîvey to drats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 The content o a egîsatîve provîsîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

From Proposals to Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Long tîte and short tîte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 The bî’s provîsîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Enorcement and împementatîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Mutî-purpose egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Overvîew provîsîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Purpose provîsîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Interpretatîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

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Legislating for Walesix

Provîsîons amendîng other egîsatîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Transîtîona and savîng provîsîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Commencement or comîng înto orce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Extent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Process and Promulgation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 The întroductory phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 The deîberatîve phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 The decîsîon-makîng phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Specîa procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Implementation and Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Commencement or comîng înto orce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Subordînate egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Judîcîa înterpretatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Other Legislatures and Their Legislative Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Legîsatîve process în the Westmînster Parîament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 European Unîon egîsatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Aterword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Seect Bîbîography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247