Higher Education and International Student Mobility in the Global Knowledge Economy

Kemal Guruz

Description

Students and scholars leaving their homes in search of education and knowledge is not a new phenomenon. Kemal Gürüz discusses how the international mobility of students, scholars, programs, and institutions of higher education has evolved over time. He explores the contributions it has made to civilization, scientific and technological progress, and the ways in which it is occurring in today's global knowledge economy.

List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations

1. The Global Knowledge Economy and Higher Education

  1.1 Introduction

  1.2 Globalization and the Knowledge Economy

    1.2.1 The Industrial Society
    1.2.2 Transformation to the Knowledge Society and the Global Knowledge Economy

  1.3 The Global Higher Education Agenda

2. Enrollment and Increasing Demand

  2.1 Increasing Demand
  2.2 Demographic Shift and Nontraditional Students
  2.3 Increasing Demand and International Student Mobility

3. The Rise of Market Forces

  3.1 Historical Background

  3.2 Public Spending and Tuition Fees

  3.3 Private Institutions

  3.4 Changing Patterns of Governance

    3.4.1 Historical Background
    3.4.2 The State, the Academia, and the Society as Actors in Governance
    3.4.3 Transformation from the Regulatory to the Evaluative State
    3.4.4 Spread of Lay Governance, Strengthened Institutional Leadership, and a Redefinition of Autonomy

  3.5 The Rise of Market Forces in Relation to International Student Mobility

4. New Providers of Higher Education

  4.1 Introduction

  4.2 Impact of Technology

  4.3 Impact of Technology on Traditional Institutions

    4.3.1 Distributed Learning
    4.3.2 Virtual Arms and Unbundling of Services in Traditional Institutions

  4.4 Types of New Providers

    4.4.1. Consortia and Networks
    4.4.2. For-Profit Higher Education
    4.4.3. Virtual Universities
    4.4.4. Corporate Universities
    4.4.5. Certificate Programs
    4.4.6. Museums, Libraries, Publishers, and Media Enterprises
    4.4.7. Academic Brokers
    4.4.8. Franchises and Branch Campuses

  4.5 The Global Higher Education Market

5 Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education

  5.1 Historical Antecedents

    5.1.1 International Academic Mobility in the Greco-Roman and the Muslim Worlds
    5.1.2 International Academic Mobility in Medieval Times
    5.1.3 International Academic Mobility: 1500–1800
    5.1.4 The Birth of the Napoleonic University and the German Research University
    5.1.5 International Academic Mobility in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
    5.1.6 The Emergence of the Modern American University

  5.2 Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education since 1950

  5.3 Definition of Terms

    5.3.1 Globalization and Internationalization
    5.3.2 Rationales for Internationalization of Higher Education

  5.4 The European Response: The Bologna Process

    5.4.1. Chronological Background
    5.4.2. An Evaluation of the Bologna Process

  5.5 GATS: A “Commercial/Anglo-Saxon Response”

  5.6 Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education: “Multinational Organizational Responses” 

  5.7 The Global Higher Education Agenda and In

Sujets

• EDUCATION
• Multicultural education
• Higher
• General officer
• Tertiary education
• General

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 10 avril 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780791478509
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Higher Education and International Student Mobility in the Global Knowledge Economy

Kemal Gürüz

HIGHER EDUCATION AND INTERNATIONAL STUDENT MOBILITY IN THE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

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HIGHER EDUCATION AND INTERNATIONAL STUDENT MOBILITY IN THE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

Kemal Gürüz

State University of New York Press

Published by State University of New York Press, Albany

© 2008 State University of New York

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu

Production by Marilyn P. Semerad Marketing by Michael Campochiaro

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Gürüz, Kemal. Higher education and international student mobility in the global knowledge economy / Kemal Guruz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7914-7413-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Education, Higher. 2. Student mobility. 3. Foreign study. 4. Knowledge management. I. Title.

LB2322.2.G87 378—dc22

2008

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2007032222

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations

Contents

Chapter 1. The Global Knowledge Economy and Higher Education 1.1.Introduction 1.2.Globalization and the Knowledge Economy 1.2.1.The Industrial Society 1.2.2.Transformation to the Knowledge Society and the Global Knowledge Economy 1.3.The Global Higher Education Agenda

Chapter 2. Enrollment and Increasing Demand 2.1.Increasing Demand 2.2.Demographic Shift and Nontraditional Students 2.3.Increasing Demand and International Student Mobility

Chapter 3. The Rise of Market Forces 3.1.Historical Background 3.2.Public Spending and Tuition Fees 3.3.Private Institutions 3.4.Changing Patterns of Governance 3.4.1.Historical Background 3.4.2.The State, the Academia, and the Society as Actors in Governance 3.4.3.Transformation from the Regulatory to the Evaluative State

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1 1 3 3

5 14

21 21 31

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35 35 37 44 52 52

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Contents

3.4.4.Spread of Lay Governance, Strengthened Institutional Leadership, and a Redefinition of Autonomy 3.5.The Rise of Market Forces in Relation to International Student Mobility

Chapter 4. New Providers of Higher Education 4.1.Introduction 4.2.Impact of Technology 4.3.Impact of Technology on Traditional Institutions 4.3.1.Distributed Learning 4.3.2.Virtual Arms and Unbundling of Services in Traditional Institutions 4.4.Types of New Providers 4.4.1.Consortia and Networks 4.4.2.For-Profit Higher Education 4.4.3.Virtual Universities 4.4.4.Corporate Universities 4.4.5.Certificate Programs 4.4.6.Museums, Libraries, Publishers, and Media Enterprises 4.4.7.Academic Brokers 4.4.8.Franchises and Branch Campuses 4.5.The Global Higher Education Market

Chapter 5. Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education 5.1.Historical Antecedents 5.1.1.International Academic Mobility in the Greco- Roman and the Muslim Worlds 5.1.2.International Academic Mobility in Medieval Times 5.1.3.1500–1800International Academic Mobility: 5.1.4.The Birth of the Napoleonic University and the German Research University 5.1.5.International Academic Mobility in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 5.1.6.The Emergence of the Modern American University 5.2.Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education since 1950

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79 79 80

83 83

86 91 91 93 99 100 102

103 103 105 113

117 117

117 120 123

127

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135

5.3.

5.4.

5.5. 5.6.

5.7.

Contents

Definition of Terms 5.3.1.Globalization and Internationalization 5.3.2.Rationales for Internationalization of Higher Education The European Response: The Bologna Process 5.4.1.Chronological Background 5.4.2.An Evaluation of the Bologna Process GATS: A “Commercial/Anglo-Saxon Response” Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education: “Multinational Organizational Responses” The Global Higher Education Agenda and International Student Mobility

Chapter 6. International Student Mobility 6.1.The Global Picture Today 6.2.Major Host Countries 6.2.1.United States of America 6.2.1.1. E NROLLMENT S TATISTICS 6.2.1.2. A N E VALUATION OF I NTERNATIONALIZA - TION P OLICIES OF THE U NITED S TATES 6.2.2.The United Kingdom 6.2.3.Germany 6.2.4.France 6.2.5.Australia 6.2.6.Other Major and Emerging Host Countries 6.2.6.1. J APAN 6.2.6.2. R USSIA 6.2.6.3. C ANADA 6.2.6.4. N EW Z EALAND 6.3.Major Countries of Origin of Foreign Students 6.3.1.Major Source Country and an EmergingChina: A Major Host Country 6.3.2.India 6.3.3.Other Major Countries of Origin 6.4.Regional Breakdown of International Student Mobility 6.5.International Student Mobility and International Migration Concluding Remarks

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140 144 144 146 149

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186 191 195 198 201 204 204 207 208 210 213

213 216 218

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Contents

Appendix A: Data on Enrollment and Expenditures in National Systems and International Student Mobility

Appendix B: Definition of Terms Related to Evaluation and Quality Assurance Appendix C: The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System and the Diploma Supplement Appendix D: Recognition of Qualifications in Europe Appendix E: Education, Training, and Youth Programs of the European Union Appendix F: Definitions of Foreign Students Appendix G: General Agreement on Trade in Services Notes Bibliography Index

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259 263

267 271 275 281 295 317

2.1. 2.2.

2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

3.4. 3.5.

4.1. 6.1. 6.2.

6.3.

6.4.

6.5.

Illustrations

FIGURES Global Enrollment in Higher Education Top Twenty Countries in National Enrollment in Higher Education Gross Enrollment Ratio in Selected Country Groups Gross Enrollment Ratio in Selected Countries Projected Global Demand for Higher Education Expenditure on Tertiary-Level Education Institutions per Student Share of Private Sources in Expenditure on Tertiary-Level Education Institutions Share of Households in Expenditure on Tertiary-Level Education Institutions Share of Private Institutions in National Systems The Depiction of the Rise of Market Forces in the Triangle of Coordination Growth of Enrollment in Australian Offshore Programs Growth of Global Foreign Student Enrollment International Student Mobility: Number of Students Hosted; Top Twenty-five Countries in 2004 Forecast of Global Demand for International Student Places in MESDCs International Student Mobility: Students Hosted as Percentage of Total Enrollment; Top Twenty-five Countries in 2004 International Student Mobility: Number of Students; Top Twenty-five Countries of Origin in 2004

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26 28 29 30

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40 46

56 108 162

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