The benefits of using quality improvement techniques are well documented, and there are numerous books on the market explaining how to use these techniques in nearly every industry. But the world of quality is rife with unique and specific terminology, acronyms, catchphrases, theories, and noteworthy individuals. The breadth of material can be very confusing to anyone, and outright intimidating to those just beginning in the quality profession. Finally there is help!!--nl--Novices as well as seasoned quality professionals will find The Quality Improvement Glossary to be the definitive source for quality-related terms, concepts, persons, and acronyms, making it an invaluable addition to any quality library. Written to serve as an easy-to-use guide to the often confusing world of quality improvement, it provides solid and concise explanations of more than 2,500 terms, as well as references to related concepts and information on how to uncover more in-depth information. Also included in its several appendices are noted influential persons in the quality field, a separate list of acronyms, SPC symbols and common formulas. With a plethora of quality-related knowledge at readers’ fingertips, this book is also very helpful when preparing for certification exams PRAISE FOR The Quality Improvement Glossary "I currently hold three ASQ Certifications and I have to say that the easy access and reference to terms helped in my success in passing these exams." Earl Wells First Vice President, Quality & Research Allen Canning Company
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The Quality Improvement Glossary
Also Available from ASQ Quality Press:
The Quality Improvement Handbook ASQ Quality Management Division and John E. Bauer, Grace L. Duffy, Russell T.Westcott, editors
Quality's Greatest Hits: Classic Wisdom from the Leaders of Quality Zigmund Bluvband
The Quality Toolbox Nancy R.Tague
The Executive Guide to Improvement and Change G. Dennis Beecroft, Grace L. Duffy, John W. Moran, editors
Business Process Improvement Toolbox Bjørn Andersen
From Quality to Business Excellence: A Systems Approach to Management Charles G. Cobb
The Change Agents’ Handbook: A Survival Guide for Quality Improvement Champions David W. Hutton
Making Change Work: Practical Tools for Overcoming Human Resistance to Change Brien Palmer
Principles and Practices of Organizational Performance Excellence Thomas J. Cartin
Customer Centered Six Sigma: Linking Customers, Process Improvement, and Financial Results Earl Naumann and Steven H. Hoisington
The Certified Quality Manager Handbook, Duke Okes and Russell T.Westcott, editors
Second Edition
To request a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http://qualitypress.asq.org.
Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data
Siebels, Don, 1946– The quality improvement glossary / Don Siebels. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-87389-619-X (alk. paper) 1. Total quality management—Terminology. 2. Terminology. I. Title. HD62.15.S574 2004 658.003—dc22
ISBN 0-87389-619-X
Quality control—
2004006839
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Publisher: William A.Tony Acquisitions Editor: Annemieke Hytinen Project Editor: Paul O’Mara Production Administrator: Randall Benson Special Marketing Representative: David Luth ASQ Mission: The American Society for Quality advances individual, organizational, and community excellence worldwide through learning, quality improvement, and knowledge exchange. Attention Bookstores,Wholesalers, Schools, and Corporations: ASQ Quality Press books, videotapes, audiotapes, and software are available at quantity discounts with bulk purchases for business, educational, or instructional use. For information, please contact ASQ Quality Press at 800-248-1946, or write to ASQ Quality Press, P.O. Box 3005, Milwaukee,WI 53201-3005. To place orders or to request a free copy of the ASQ Quality Press Publications Catalog, including ASQ membership information, call 800-248-1946.Visit our Web site at www.asq.org or http://qualitypress.asq.org.
Printed on acid-free paper
This book is dedicated to all those in the quality profession worldwide, whether in the manufacturing or service industries, who are searching for a greater understanding of the broad field of quality and are willing to learn and teach others.
Webster’s New World Dictionary(1988) defines a glossary as “a list of dif-ficult, technical, or foreign terms with definitions or translations, as for some particular author, field of knowledge, etc., often included in alpha-betical listing at the end of a textbook.” Over the last 30-plus years work-ing in the quality profession, I have consistently come across a myriad of difficult or technical terms and concepts. Many of these were either new to me, or the product of the ever-expanding field of quality and more recently the environmental field. As I started to expand my vocabulary, I understood the only way for me to keep up was to compile a list of the various terms, concepts, acronyms, and the individuals who proposed them. This glossary comes from those personal notes and various other published sources compiled over the years (see Acknowledgments). Where various terms deal with a certain aspect of the quality profession and definitions previously pub-lished by ASQ are available, I have used them. Where terms come from fields outside the quality arena, I have defined them as closely as possible to generally accepted applications. As such, the intent ofThe Quality Improvement Glossaryis not to provide you with an all-inclusive description of the concept, word, or phrase, but rather to provide a brief explanation in an easily accessible for-mat. For those of you interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of various topics or quality management principles, I encourage you to read the comprehensive publications available from ASQ Quality Press, such as The Certified Quality Manager HandbookorJuran’s Quality Hand-booklike. Books Principles of Quality Costswill help you gain an in-depth understanding of quality cost. For more on statistical quality control formulas and tables, consult theGlossary and Tables for Statistical Qual-ity Control. In-depth and up-to-date information is readily available from ASQ Quality Press for any of the related quality fields, such as auditing,