Crowdsourcing Guidance - Real World Application, Templates, Documents, and Examples of the use of Crowdsourcing in the Public Domain. PLUS Free access to membership only site for downloading.

James Smith

Description

- Thoroughly explains Crowdsourcing ...and has all the insights, experiences and instructions needed for successful Crowdsourcing.

- Your Step-by-Step Guide to Crowdsourcing. Best Practices for implementations and check-ups.

- Free Updates and downloads of all forms and documents included.

Key Book Benefits: Delivers authoritative, field-tested best practices for Crowdsourcing. Covers the full lifecycle, from planning, design, and deployment. Includes access to download of complete set of documents as discussed in the book, and more. The instantly downloadable documents can be used straight away. Comes with job aids, utilities, and full downloads of all documents.

Drive Better Productivity and Increase Success with this book – Starting Now.

Discover Real-World Best Practices-Without Paying Expensive Consultants

You're investing in Crowdsourcing for one reason: to drive major performance improvements across your entire organization. Crowdsourcing Best Practices will help you do just that. Drawing on their experience with dozens of deployments, The Art of Service offers expert guidance on every aspect of Crowdsourcing deployment, with results-focused best practices for every area of the organization touched by Crowdsourcing, including sales, marketing, customer service, finance, legal, and IT.

This is information you'd otherwise have to pay a consultant top dollars to get...information you won't find in any other book!

The Art of Service walks you through developing a comprehensive and effective implementation strategy, followed by tactics and specifics to overcome every challenge you face, including internal politics. Through this book and its companion Web site, The Art of Service provides presentations, questionnaires, step-by-step guides, and extensive resources-all part of the Content on Demand system that gives your organization maximum results from Crowdsourcing.

- Achieve higher end-customer satisfaction and dramatic productivity gains

- Overcome "people, product, and process" pitfalls that can limit the value of your Crowdsourcing

- Learn which procedures, processes and documentation are right for your implementation

- This book's varied set of start-to-finish roadmap documents for success can be used by companies of all sizes in all industries for executives, team leaders, implementation team members, developers, and users throughout the business.

From Overwhelmed to Empowered - Changing the way you find Answers - This book includes access to The Art of Service's on-demand digital library to Search, Download, Learn and use direct applicable documents for technology and business professionals, eliminating spending money and time on self-development.

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Sujets

• Computers
• Informatique

Informations

• Publié par: Emereo Publishing
• Date de parution: 18 janvier 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781486460656
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 23 Mo

Extrait

Crowdsourcing Guidance

Real World Application, Templates, Documents, and Examples of the use of Crowdsourcing in the Public Domain. PLUS Free access to membership only site for downloading.

Introduction

Welcome to the Crowdsourcing Guidance Guide. This book contains templates, documents and examples of Crowdsourcing.

You have direct access to the downloadable îles at:

https://it963.infusionsoft.com/app/page/Crowdsourcing

Content on Demand Online is an on-demand digital library you can use to search, download, learn, edit and directly use applicable documents for technology and business professionals.

In this book, you will înd documents showing how to create or manage Crowdsourcing, useful ex- amples and case studies to show you how other businesses have done it, and adaptable template documents for you to apply to your own business.

Free Access to the Content on Demand Online database!

In addition to the documents included in this book, you are now welcome to enjoy complimentary access to the Content on Demand Online database. Once logged in, you will be able to download editable copies of all (and more!) documents in this book.

To gain access, visit the download URL now:

https://it963.infusionsoft.com/app/page/Crowdsourcing

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Contents:

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Crowdsourcing Guidance - Crowdsourcing Guidance - Getting Started 5 Tips To Establish A Crowdsourcing Guidance - How To Pioneer A Successful Crowd-sourcing Site Guidance - Usaid Crowdsourcing Case Study Patent - CROWD-SOURCED COMPETITION PLATFORM - US20110307304

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Notice of Rights

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. No Claim to Orig. (U.S.) Govt. Works.

Notice of Liability

The information in this book is distributed on an As Is basis without warranty. While every precau- tion has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the products described in it.

Trademarks

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identiîed throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the beneît of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other afîliation with this book.

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Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcingis a process that involves outsourcing tasks to a distributed group of people. This process can occur [1] both online and offline. Crowdsourcing is different from an ordinary outsourcing since it is a task or problem that is outsourced to an undefined public rather than a specific body. Crowdsourcing is related to, but not the same as, human-based computation, which refers to the ways in which humans and computers can work together to solve problems. These two methods can be used together to accomplish [2] tasks.

Definitions In a companion blog post to his June 2006 Wired magazine article where he coined the term crowdsourcing, Jeff Howe posited the first definition of crowdsourcing: "Simply defined, crowdsourcing represents the act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call. This can take the form of peer-production (when the job is performed collaboratively), but is also often undertaken by sole individuals. The crucial prerequisite is the use of the open call format and [3] the large network of potential laborers." Daren C. Brabham was the first to define "crowdsourcing" in the scientific literature in a February 1, 2008, article: [4] "Crowdsourcing is an online, distributed problem-solving and production model." In the classic use of the term, problems are broadcast to an unknown group of solvers in the form of an open call for solutions. Users—also known as the crowd—submit solutions. Solutions are then owned by the entity that broadcast the problem in the first place—the crowdsourcer. The contributor of the solution is, in some cases, compensated either monetarily, with prizes, or with recognition. In other cases, the only rewards may be kudos or intellectual satisfaction. Crowdsourcing may produce solutions from amateurs or volunteers working in their spare time, or from [1] experts or small businesses which were unknown to the initiating organization. Those who use crowdsourcing services, also known as crowdsourcers, are motivated by the benefits of crowdsourcing, which are that they can gather large numbers of solutions or information and that it is relatively inexpensive to obtain this work. Users are motivated to contribute to crowdsourced tasks by both intrinsic motivations, such as social contact and passing the time, and by extrinsic motivations, such as financial gain. Due to the blurred limits of crowdsourcing, many collaborative activities, online or not, are being considered crowdsourcing when they are not. Another consequence of this situation is the proliferation of definitions in the [5] scientific literature. Different authors give different definitions of crowdsourcing according to their specialties, losing in this way the global picture of the term. After studying more than 40 definitions of crowdsourcing in the scientific and popular literature, Enrique Estellés-Arolas and Fernando González Ladrón-de-Guevara developed a new integrating definition: "Crowdsourcing is a type of participative online activity in which an individual, an institution, a non-profit organization, or company proposes to a group of individuals of varying knowledge, heterogeneity, and number, via a flexible open call, the voluntary undertaking of a task. The undertaking of the task, of variable complexity and modularity, and in which the crowd should participate bringing their work, money, knowledge and/or experience, always entails mutual benefit. The user will receive the satisfaction of a given type of need, be it economic, social recognition, self-esteem, or the development of individual skills, while the crowdsourcer will obtain and utilize to their advantage that what the user has brought to the venture, whose form will depend [5] on the type of activity undertaken".

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Crowdsourcing

Henk van Ess emphasizes the need to "give back" the crowdsourced results to the public on ethical grounds. His non-scientific, non-commercial definition is widely cited in the popular press: "Crowdsourcing is channeling the experts’desire to solve a problem and then freely sharing the answer with [6] everyone"

History Crowdsourcing systems are used to accomplish a variety of tasks. For example, the crowd may be invited to develop [7] a new technology, carry out a design task (also known ascommunity-based designor distributed participatory design), refine or carry out the steps of an algorithm (see human-based computation), or help capture, systematize, or analyze large amounts of data (see also citizen science). The term "crowdsourcing" is a portmanteau of "crowd" and "outsourcing," coined by Jeff Howe in a June 2006 [1] Wiredmagazine article "The Rise of Crowdsourcing".

Historical examples Long before modern crowdsourcing systems were developed, there were a number of notable examples of projects that utilized distributed people to help accomplish tasks. It has been argued, however, that crowdsourcing can only [4] exist on the Internet and is thus a relatively recent phenomenon.

Early crowdsourcing TheOxford English Dictionary(OED) may provide one of the earliest examples of crowdsourcing. An open call was made to the community for contributions by volunteers to index all words in the English language and example quotations of their usages for each one. They received over 6 million submissions over a period of 70 years. The [8] making of theOEDis detailed inThe Surgeon of Crowthorneby Simon Winchester.

Early Crowdsourcing Competitions Similarly, crowdsourcing has often been used in the past as a competition in order to discover a solution. The French government proposed several of these competitions, often rewarded with Montyon Prizes, created for poor [9] Frenchmen who had done virtuous acts. These included the Leblanc process, or the Alkali Prize, where a reward was provided for separating the salt from the alkali, and the Fourneyron's Turbine, when the first hydraulic [10] commercial turbine was developed. In response to a challenge from the French government, Nicholas Appert won a prize for inventing a new way of [11] food preservation that involved sealing food in air-tight jars. The British government provided a similar reward to find an easy way to determine a ship’s longitude in the The Longitude Prize. During the Great Depression, out-of-work clerks tabulated higher mathematical functions in the Mathematical Tables Project as an outreach [12] project. In 1994, Northeast Consulting compiled a database of trends in the marketplace. This database was collected from [13] numerous sources, offering an example of early crowdsourcing.

Modern methods Today, crowdsourcing has transferred mainly to the Internet. The Internet provides a particularly good venue for crowdsourcing since individuals tend to be more open in web-based projects where they are not being physically judged or scrutinized and thus can feel more comfortable sharing. This ultimately allows for well-designed artistic projects because individuals are less conscious, or maybe even less aware, of scrutiny towards their work. In an [14] online atmosphere more attention is given to the project rather than communication with other individuals.

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Crowdsourcing can either take an explicit or an implicit route. Explicit crowdsourcing lets users work together to evaluate, share, and build different specific tasks, while implicit crowdsourcing means that users solve a problem as a side effect of something else they are doing. Withexplicit crowdsourcing, users can evaluate particular items like books or webpages, or share by posting products or items. Users can also build artifacts by providing information and editing other people's work. Implicit crowdsourcingcan take two forms: standalone and piggyback. Standalone allows people to solve problems as a side effect of the task they are actually doing, whereas piggyback takes users' information from a third-party [15] website to gather information.

Types of crowdsourcing In coining the term of "crowdsourcing", Jeff Howe has also indicated some common categories of crowdsourcing that can be used effectively in the commercial world. Some of these web-based crowdsourcing efforts include crowdvoting, wisdom of the crowd, crowdfunding, microwork, creative crowdsourcing and inducement prize contests. Although these may not be an exhaustive list, they cover the current major ways in which people use [16] crowds to perform tasks. According to definition by Henk van Ess that has been widely cited in the popular press, "The crowdsourced problem can be huge (epic tasks like finding alien life or mapping earthquake zones) or very small ('where can I skate safely?'). Some examples of successful crowdsourcing themes are problems that bug people, things that make people feel good about themselves, projects that tap into niche knowledge of [17] proud experts, subjects that people find sympathetic or any form of injustice."

Crowdvoting Crowdvoting occurs when a website gathers a large group's opinions and judgment on a certain topic. The Iowa Electronic Market is a prediction market that gathers crowds' views on politics and tries to ensure accuracy by [18] having participants pay money to buy and sell contracts based on political outcomes. Threadless.com selects the t-shirts it sells by having users provide designs and vote on the ones they like, which are then printed and available for purchase. Despite the small nature of the company, thousands of members provide designs and vote on them, making the website’s products truly created and selected by the crowd, rather than the [4] company. Some of the most famous examples have made use of social media channels: Domino's Pizza, Coca [19] Cola, Heineken and Sam Adams have thus crowdsourced a new pizza, song, bottle design or beer, respectively.

Crowdsourcing Creative Work Creative Crowdsourcing spans sourcing creative projects such as graphic design, architecture, apparel design, writing, illustration etc. Some of the better known creative domains that use the Crowdsourcing model include [20] 99designs, DesignCrowd , crowdspring, Jade Magnet, Threadless, Poptent, GeniusRocket and Tongal

Crowdfunding Crowdfunding is the process of funding your projects by a multitude of people contributing a small amount in order [21] to attain a certain monetary goal. Goals may be for donations or for equity in a project. The dilemma right now for equity crowdfunding in the USA is how the SEC is going to regulate the entire process. As it stands rules and regulations are being refined by the SEC and they will have until Jan. 1st, 2013 to tweak the fundraising methods. The regulators are on edge because they are already overwhelmed trying to regulate Dodd - Frank and all the other rules and regulations involving public companies and the way they trade. Advocates of regulation claim that crowdfunding will open up the flood gates for fraud, have called it the "wild west" of fundraising, and have compared it to the 1980s days of penny stock "cold-call cowboys." The process allows for up to 1 million dollars to be raised without a lot of the regulations being involved. Companies under the current proposal will have a lot of

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Crowdsourcing

exemptions available and be able to raise capital from a larger pool of persons which can include a lot lower thresholds for investor criteria whereas the old rules required that the person be an "accredited" investor. These people are often recruited from social networks, where the funds can be acquired from an equity purchase, loan, donation, or pre-ordering. The amounts collected have become quite high, with requests that are over a million dollars for software like Trampoline Systems, which used it to finance the commercialization of their new [22] software. A well-known crowdfunding tool is Kickstarter, which is the biggest website for funding creative projects. It has raised over $100 million, despite its all-or-nothing model which requires one to reach the proposed monetary goal in order to acquire the money. UInvest is another example of a crowdfunding platform that was started in Kiev, [23] Ukraine in 2007. Crowdrise brings together volunteers to fundraise in an online environment. Most recently, the adult industry gained its own site in the way of Offbeatr. Offbeatr allows the community to cast [24] votes on projects they would like to see make it to the funding phase.

"Wisdom of the crowd" Wisdom of the crowd is another type of crowdsourcing that collects large amounts of information and aggregates them to gain a complete and accurate picture of a topic, based on the idea that a group of people is on average more intelligent than an individual. This idea of collective intelligence proves particularly effective on the web because [4] people from diverse backgrounds can contribute in real-time within the same forums. iStockPhoto provides a platform for people to upload photos and purchase them for low prices. Clients can purchase photos through credits, giving photographers a small profit. Again, the photo collection is determined by the crowd's [4] voice for very low prices. In February 2012, a stock picking game calledTicker Picker Prowas launched, using crowdsourcing to create a hedge fund that would buy and sell stocks based on the ideas coming out of the game. These crowdsourced ideas, coming from so many people, could help one pick the best stocks based on this idea that collective ideas are better [25] than individual ones.

Microwork Microwork is a crowdsourcing platform where users do small tasks for which computers lack aptitude for low amounts of money. Amazon’s popular Mechanical Turk has created many different projects for users to participate [1] in, where each task requires very little time and offers a very small amount in payment. The Chinese versions of this, commonly called Witkey, are similar and include such sites as Taskcn.com and k68.cn. When choosing tasks, since only certain users“win”, users learn to submit later and pick less popular tasks in order to increase the [26] likelihood of getting their work chosen. An example of a Mechanical Turk project is when users searched satellite [15] images for images of a boat in order to find lost researcher Jim Gray.

Inducement prize contests Web-based idea competitions, or inducement prize contests often consist of generic ideas, cash prizes, and an Internet-based platform to facilitate easy idea generation and discussion. An example of these competitions includes an event like IBM’s 2006“Innovation Jam”, attended by over 140,000 international participants and yielding around [27][28] 46,000 ideas. Another example is Netflix Prize in 2009. The idea was to ask crowd to come up with a recommendation algorithm which was more accurate than Netflix's own algorithm. It had a grand prize of US$1,000,000 and it was given to the BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos team which bested Netflix's own algorithm for predicting ratings by 10.06% Another example of competition-based crowdsourcing is the 2009 DARPA experiment, where DARPA placed 10 balloon markers across the United States and challenged teams to compete to be the first to report the location of all the balloons. A collaboration of efforts was required to complete the challenge quickly and in addition to the

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competitive motivation of the contest as a whole, the winning team (MIT, in less than nine hours) established its own [29] "collaborapetitive" environment to generate participation in their team. A similar challenge was the Tag Challenge, funded by the US State Department, which required locating and photographing individuals in 5 cities in the US and Europe within 12 hours based only on a single photograph. The winning team managed to locate 3 suspects by mobilizing volunteers world-wide using a similar incentive scheme to the one used in the Balloon [30] Challenge. Open innovation platforms are a very effective way of crowdsourcing people’s thoughts and ideas to do research and development. The company InnoCentive is a crowdsourcing platform for corporate research and development where difficult scientific problems are posted for crowds of solvers to discover the answer and win a cash prize, which can [4] range from $10,000 to $100,000 per challenge. InnoCentive, of Waltham, MA and London, England is the leader in providing access to millions of scientific and technical experts from around the world. The company has provided expert crowdsourcing to international Fortune 1000 companies in the US and Europe as well as government agencies and nonprofits. The company claims a success rate of 50% in providing successful solutions to previously unsolved scientific and technical problems. IdeaConnection.com challenges people to come up with new inventions and innovations and Ninesigma.com connects clients with experts in various fields. The X PRIZE Foundation creates and runs incentive competitions where one can win between $1 million and $30 million for solving challenges. Local Motors is another example of crowdsourcing. A community of 20,000 automotive engineers, designers and [23] enthusiasts competes to build offroad rally trucks.

Implicit crowdsourcing Implicit crowdsourcing is less obvious because users do not necessarily know they are contributing, yet can still be very effective in completing certain tasks. Rather than users actively participating in solving a problem or providing information, implicit crowdsourcing involves users doing another task entirely where a third party gains information [4] for another topic based on the user’s actions. A good example of implicit crowdsourcing is the ESP game, where users guess what images are and then these labels are used to tag Google images. Another popular use of implicit crowdsourcing is through reCAPTCHA, which asks people to solve Captchas in order to prove they are human, and then provides Captchas from old books that cannot be deciphered by computers in order to try and digitize them for the web. Like Mechanical Turk, this task is [15] simple for humans but would be incredibly difficult for computers. Piggyback crowdsourcing can be seen most frequently by websites such as Google that mine one’s search history and websites in order to discover keywords for ads, spelling corrections, and finding synonyms. In this way, users are [31] unintentionally helping to modify existing systems, such as Google’s ad words.

Crowdsourcers There are a number of motivations for businesses to use crowdsourcing to accomplish tasks, find solutions for problems, or to gather information. These include the ability to offload peak demand, access cheap labor and information, generate better results, access a wider array of talent than might be present in one organization, and [32] undertake problems that would have been too difficult to solve internally. Crowdsourcing allows businesses to submit problems on which contributors can work, such as problems in science, manufacturing, biotech, and medicine, with monetary rewards for successful solutions. Although it can be difficult to crowdsource complicated tasks, simple work tasks can be crowdsourced cheaply and effectively. Crowdsourcing also has the potential to be a problem-solving mechanism for government and nonprofit use. Urban and transit planning are prime areas for crowdsourcing. One project to test crowdsourcing's public participation process for transit planning in Salt Lake City has been underway from 2008 to 2009, funded by a U.S. Federal [33] Transit Administration grant. Another notable application of crowdsourcing to government problem solving is the [34] Peer to Patent Community Patent Review project for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

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