The Marlon Brando Handbook - Everything you need to know about Marlon Brando

Smith Emily

Description

Marlon Brando, Jr. (April 3, 1924 ? July 1, 2004) was an American movie star and political activist. 'Unchallenged as the most important actor in modern American Cinema' according to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Brando was one of only three professional actors, along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe, named by Time magazine as one of its 100 Persons of the Century in 1999.

This book is your ultimate resource for Marlon Brando. Here you will find the most up-to-date information, photos, and much more.

In easy to read chapters, with extensive references and links to get you to know all there is to know about his Early life, Career and Personal life right away. A quick look inside: Marlon Brando, Marlon Brando filmography, The Men (film), A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film), Viva Zapata!, Julius Caesar (1953 film), The Wild One, On the Waterfront, Desiree (film), Guys and Dolls (film), Guys and Dolls, The Teahouse of the August Moon (film), Sayonara, The Young Lions (film), The Fugitive Kind, One-Eyed Jacks, Mutiny on the Bounty (1962 film), The Ugly American, Bedtime Story (film), Morituri (1965 film), The Chase (1966 film), The Appaloosa, A Countess from Hong Kong, Reflections in a Golden Eye (film), Candy (1968 film), The Night of the Following Day, Burn!, King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis, The Nightcomers, The Godfather, Last Tango in Paris, The Missouri Breaks, Raoni, Superman (film), Apocalypse Now, The Formula (1980 film), A Dry White Season, The Freshman (1990 film), Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, Christopher Columbus: The Discovery, Don Juan DeMarco, The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film), The Brave, Free Money (film), The Score (film), Superman Returns, Superman II.

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• Publié par: Emereo Publishing
• Date de parution: 24 octobre 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781743389379
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

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Contents

Articles Marlon Brando Marlon Brando filmography The Men (film) A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film) Viva Zapata! Julius Caesar (1953 film) The Wild One On the Waterfront Désirée (film) Guys and Dolls (film) Guys and Dolls The Teahouse of the August Moon (film) Sayonara The Young Lions (film) The Fugitive Kind One-Eyed Jacks Mutiny on the Bounty (1962 film) The Ugly American Bedtime Story (film) Morituri (1965 film) The Chase (1966 film) The Appaloosa A Countess from Hong Kong Reflections in a Golden Eye (film) Candy (1968 film) The Night of the Following Day Burn! King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis The Nightcomers The Godfather

Last Tango in Paris The Missouri Breaks Raoni Superman (film)

1 15 18 20 26 29 32 37 42 45 50 65 68 71 74 76 80 85 87 89 91 94 96 99 101 103 105 108 110 112 125 131 134 135

Apocalypse Now The Formula (1980 film) A Dry White Season The Freshman (1990 film)

Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Christopher Columbus: The Discovery Don Juan DeMarco The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film) The Brave Free Money (film) The Score (film) Superman Returns Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut

References Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Article Licenses License

151 167 170 173 176 178 181 184 188 190 192 195 206

216 222

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Marlon Brando

Marlon Brando

Born

Died

Cause of death

Residence

Nationality

Alma mater

Years active

Influenced by

Influenced

Home town

Height

Spouse

Children

Parents

Marlon Brando, Jr. April 3, 1924 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.

July 1, 2004 (aged 80) Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Respiratory failure

Los Angeles, California

American

Actors Studio

1944-2004

Marlon Brando

Publicity photo forThe Wild One(1953)

Stella Adler, Constantin Stanislavski, Elia Kazan, Erwin Piscator

James Dean, Paul Newman, Elvis Presley, Al Pacino, Dustin Hoffman, Robert De Niro, Dennis Hopper, Jack Nicholson, Daniel Day-Lewis, Meryl Streep, Martin Sheen, Sean Penn, Johnny Depp, Leonardo DiCaprio

Libertyville, Illinois

5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m)

Anna Kashfi (1957–59) Movita Castaneda (1960–62) Tarita Teriipia (1962–72)

14, including: Christian Brando (deceased) Cheyenne Brando (deceased) Stephen Blackehart

Marlon Brando, Sr. Dodie Brando

Website

http://www.marlonbrando.com/

Marlon Brando, Jr.(April 3, 1924–July 1, 2004) was an American movie star and political activist. "Unchallenged as the most important actor in modern American Cinema" according to theSt. James Encyclopedia of [1] Popular Culturewas the only professional actor, aside from Charlie Chaplin, named by, Brando Timemagazine as [2] one of its 100 Persons of the Century in 1999.

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Marlon Brando

Brando had a significant impact on film acting, and was the foremost example of the "method" acting style. While he [3] became notorious for his "mumbling" diction and exuding a raw animal magnetism, his mercurial performances were nonetheless highly regarded, and he is widely considered as one of the greatest and most influential actors of [4] [5] the 20th century. Director Martin Scorsese said of him, "He is the marker. There's 'before Brando' and 'after [6] [7] Brando'." Actor Jack Nicholson once said, "When Marlon dies, everybody moves up one." He was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth greatest screen legend among male movie stars. An enduring cultural icon, Brando became a box office star during the 1950s, during which time he racked up five Oscar nominations as Best Actor, along with three consecutive wins of the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. He initially gained popularity for recreating the role as Stanley Kowalski inA Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a Tennessee Williams play that had established him as a Broadway star during its 1947-49 stage run; and for his Academy Award-winning performance as Terry Malloy inOn the Waterfront(1954), as well as for his iconic portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler inThe Wild One(1953), which is considered to be one of the most famous images in pop culture. Brando was also nominated for the Oscar for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata!(1952); Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare'sJulius Caesar; and as Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver inSayonara(1957), Joshua Logan's adaption of James Michener's 1954 novel. Brando made the Top Ten Money Making Stars, as ranked by Quigley Publications' annual survey of movie exhibitors, three times in the decade, coming in at number 10 in 1954, number 6 in 1955, and number 4 in 1958. Brando directed and starred in the cult western filmOne-Eyed Jacksthat was released in 1961, after which he delivered a series of box office failures beginning with the non-success of the 1962 film adaptation ofMutiny on the Bounty. The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando, and after 10 years in which he did not appear in a commercially successful movie, he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola'sThe Godfather(1972), a role critics consider among his greatest. The movie, which became the most commercially successful film of all time when it was released—along with his Oscar-nominated performance as Paul inLast Tango in Paris(1972), another smash hit—revitalized Brando's career and reestablished him in the ranks of top box office stars, placing him at number 6 and number 10 in Top 10 Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973, respectively. Brando failed to capitalize on the momentum of his revitalized career, taking a long hiatus before appearing inThe Missouri Breaks(1976), a box office bomb. Afterwards, he was content to be a highly-paid character actor in parts that were glorified cameos inSuperman(1978) andThe Formula(1980) before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures. According to theGuinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million [8] ($13409697 in today's funds ) plus 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days work playing Jor-El inSuperman, further adding to his mystique. He finished out the decade of the 1970s with his highly-controversial performance as Colonel Walter Kurtz in another Coppola film,Apocalypse Now(1979), a box office hit for which he was highly paid and that helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s. Brando was also an activist, supporting many issues, notably the African-American Civil Rights Movement and various American Indian Movements.

Early life Marlon Brando was born in Omaha, Nebraska, to Marlon Brando, Sr., a pesticide and chemical feed manufacturer, [4] and his wife, Dorothy Julia (nae Pennebaker). His parents moved to Evanston, Illinois, but separated when he was eleven years old. His mother took her three children: Jocelyn (1919–2005), Frances (1922–1994) and Marlon, to live [4] with her mother in Santa Ana, California. In 1937, Brando's parents reconciled and moved together to Libertyville, [4] Illinois, north of Chicago. [9] [10] [11] Brando's ancestry included German, Dutch, English, and Irish. His patrilineal ancestor, Johann Wilhelm [12] [13] Brandau, was a German immigrant to New York in the early 1700s. Brando was raised a Christian Scientist. His paternal grandmother, Marie Holloway, abandoned her family when Marlon Brando, Sr., was five years old. She

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Marlon Brando

[9] used the money her husband Eugene sent her to support her gambling and alcoholism. Marlon Brando, Sr., was a talented amateur photographer. His wife, known as Dodie, was unconventional but [14] [15] talented, having been an actress. She smoked, wore trousers, and drove cars, unusual for women at the time. However, she was an alcoholic and often had to be brought home from Chicago bars by her husband; she finally joined Alcoholics Anonymous. Dodie Brando acted and was a theater administrator. She helped Henry Fonda to begin his acting career, and fueled her son Marlon's interest in stage acting. However, Brando was closer to his maternal grandmother, Bessie Gahan Pennebaker Meyers, than to his mother. Widowed while young, Meyers worked as a secretary and later as a Christian Science practitioner. Her father, Myles Gahan, was a doctor from [16] Ireland; her mother, Julia Watts, was from England. Brando was a mimic from early childhood and developed an ability to absorb the mannerisms of people he played and display them dramatically while staying in character. His sister Jocelyn Brando was the first to pursue an acting career, going to study at the American Academy of Dramatic Art. She appeared on Broadway, then movies and television. Brando's sister Frances left college in California to study art in New York. Brando soon followed her. Brando had been held back a year in school and was later expelled from Libertyville High School for riding his motorcycle through the corridors. He was sent to Shattuck Military Academy, where his father had studied before him. Brando excelled at theatre and did well in the school. In his final year (1943), he was put on probation for being insubordinate to a visiting army colonel during maneuvers. He was confined to his room, but sneaked into town, and was caught. The faculty voted to expel him, though he was supported by the students, who thought expulsion was [17] too harsh. He was invited back for the following year, but decided instead to drop out of high school. Brando worked as a ditch-digger as a summer job arranged by his father. Brando then attempted to join the army, but at his induction physical it was discovered that a football injury that he had sustained at Shattuck had left him with a [9] trick knee. Brando was therefore classified as a 4-F, and not inducted into the army. He then decided to follow his sisters to New York. His father supported him for six months, then offered to help him find a job as a salesman. However, Brando left to study at the American Theatre Wing Professional School, part of the Dramatic Workshop of The New School with the influential German director Erwin Piscator and at the Actors Studio. He also studied with Stella Adler and learned the techniques of the Stanislavski System. There is a story in which Adler spoke about teaching Brando, saying that she had instructed the class to act like chickens, then adding that a nuclear bomb was about to fall on them. Most of the class clucked and ran around wildly, but Brando sat calmly and pretended to lay an egg. Asked by Adler why he had chosen to react this way, he said, "I'm a chicken - What do I know from a [18] bomb?"

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Marlon Brando

Career

Early work

Brando used his Stanislavski System skills for his first summer-stock roles in Sayville, New York, on Long Island. His behavior got him kicked out of the cast of the New School's production in Sayville, but he was discovered in a locally produced play there and then made it to Broadway in the bittersweet dramaI Remember Mamain 1944. Critics voted him "Broadway's Most Promising Actor" for his role as an anguished veteran inTruckline Café, although the play was a commercial failure. In 1946 he appeared on Broadway as the young hero in the political dramaA Flag is Born, refusing to accept wages above the Actor's [19] Equity rate because of his commitment to the cause of Israeli independence. [20] In that same year, Brando played the role of Marchbanks with Katharine [21] Cornell in her production's revival of Candida, one of her signature roles. Cornell also cast him as The Messenger in a her production of Jean Anouilh's A 24-year-old Brando as Stanley Antigone that same year. Brando achieved stardom, however, as Stanley Kowalski on the set of the stage Kowalski in Tennessee Williams's 1947 playA Streetcar Named Desire,directed version ofA Streetcar Named Desire, [22] by Elia Kazan. Brando sought out that role, driving out to Provincetown, photographed by Carl Van Vechten Massachusetts, where Williams was spending the summer, to audition for the in 1948 part. Williams recalled that he opened the screen door and knew, instantly, that he had his Stanley Kowalski. Brando's performance revolutionized acting technique and set the model for the American form of method acting.

In 1947, Brando was asked to do a screen test for Warner Brothers. The screen test used an early script forRebel [23] Without A Causethat bears no relation to the film eventually produced in 1955. The screen test appears as an extra in the 2006 DVD release ofA Streetcar Named Desire.

Brando's first screen role was as the bitter paraplegic veteran inThe Menin 1950. True to his method, Brando spent a month in bed at the Birmingham Army Hospital in Van Nuys to prepare for the role. By Brando's own account, it may have been because of this film that his draft status was changed from 4-F to 1-A. He had had an operation on the knee he had injured at Shattuck, and it was no longer physically debilitating enough to incur exclusion from the draft. When Brando reported to the induction center, he answered a questionnaire provided to him by saying his race was "human", his color was "Seasonal-oyster white to beige", and he told an Army doctor that he was psycho neurotic. When the draft board referred him to a psychiatrist, Brando explained how he had been expelled from Military School, and that he had severe problems with authority. Coincidentally enough, the psychiatrist knew a [9] doctor friend of Brando, and Brando was able to avoid military service during the Korean War.

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Marlon Brando

Rise to fame

Brando brought his performance as Stanley Kowalski to the screen in Kazan's adaptation of Tennessee Williams'sA Streetcar Named Desire, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for that role, and again in each of the next three years for his roles inViva Zapata! in 1952,Julius Caesarin 1953 as Mark Antony, andOn the Waterfront in 1954. These first five films of his career established Brando, as evidenced in his winning the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in three consecutive years, 1951 to 1953.

In 1953, Brando also starred inThe Wild Oneriding his own Triumph Brando as Emiliano Zapata in a trailer for the Thunderbird 6T motorcycle which caused consternation to Triumph's 1952 filmViva Zapata! importers, as the subject matter was rowdy motorcycle gangs taking over a small town. But the images of Brando posing with his Triumph motorcycle became iconic, even forming the basis of his wax dummy at Madame Tussauds.

Later that same year, Brando starred in Lee Falk's production of George Bernard Shaw'sArms and the Manin Boston. Falk was proud to tell people that Marlon Brando turned down an offer of $10,000 per week on Broadway, in favor of working on Falk's play in Boston. His Boston contract was less than $500 per week. It would be the last time he ever acted in a stage play.

Brando won the Oscar for his role as Terry Malloy inOn the Waterfront. For the famousI coulda' been a contenderscene, Brando convinced Kazan that the scripted scene was unrealistic, and with Rod Steiger, improvised the final product.

Brando then took a variety of roles in the 1950s: portraying Napoleon inDésiréa, Sky Masterson in the musicalGuys and Dolls; Sakini, a Japanese interpreter for the U.S. Army in postwar Japan inThe Teahouse of the August Moon; as a United States Air Force officer in Sayonara, and a Nazi officer inThe Young Lions.

Marlon Brando with Eva Marie Saint in the trailer In the 1960s, Brando starred in films such asOne-Eyed Jacks(1961), a forOn the Waterfront(1954) western that would be the only film Brando would ever direct;Mutiny on the Bounty(1962),The Chase(1966), andReflections in a Golden Eye(1967), portraying a repressed gay army officer. It was the type of performance that later led critic Stanley Crouch to write, "Brando's main achievement was to portray the taciturn but stoic gloom of those pulverized by [24] circumstances." He also played a guru in the sex farceCandy(1968).Burn!(1969), which Brando would later claim as his personal favorite, was a commercial failure. His career slowed down by the end of the decade as he gained a reputation for being difficult to work with.

The Godfather Brando's performance as Vito Corleone or 'the Don' in 1972'sThe Godfatherwas a mid-career turning point. Director Francis Ford Coppola convinced Brando to submit to a "make-up" test, in which Brando did his own makeup (he used cotton balls to simulate the puffed-cheek look). Coppola was electrified by Brando's characterization as the head of a crime family, but had to fight the studio in order to cast the temperamental Brando. [25] Mario Puzo always imagined Brando as Corleone. However, Paramount studio heads wanted to give the role to Danny Thomas in the hope that Thomas would have his own production company throw in its lot with Paramount. Thomas declined the role and actually urged the studio to cast Brando at the behest of Coppola and others who had witnessed the screen test.

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Marlon Brando

Eventually, Charles Bluhdorn, the president of Paramount parent Gulf + Western, was won over to letting Brando have the role; when he saw the screen test, he asked in amazement, "What are we watching? Who is this old guinea?" Brando won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, but turned down the Oscar, becoming the second actor to refuse a Best Actor award (the first being George C. Scott forPatton). Brando boycotted the award ceremony, sending instead American Indian Rights activist Sacheen Littlefeather, who appeared in full Apache [26] dress, to state Brando's reasons, which were based on his objection to the depiction of American Indians by Hollywood and television. The actor followed with Bernardo Bertolucci's 1973 filmLast Tango in Paris, but the performance was overshadowed by an uproar over the erotic nature of the film. Despite the controversy which attended both the film and the man, the Academy once again nominated Brando for the Best Actor. Brando, along with James Caan, was later scheduled in 1974 to appear in the final scene ofThe Godfather Part II. However, rewrites were made to the script when Brando refused to show up to the studio on the single day of shooting, due to disputes with the studio.

Later career Brando portrayed Superman's father Jor-El in the 1978 filmSuperman. He agreed to the role only on assurance that he would be paid a large sum for what amounted to a small part, that he would not have to read the script beforehand and his lines would be displayed somewhere off-camera. It was revealed in a documentary contained in the 2001 DVD release ofSuperman, that he was paid $3.7 million for just two weeks of work. Brando also filmed scenes for the movie's sequel,Superman II, but after producers refused to pay him the same percentage he received for the first movie, he denied them permission to use the footage. However, after Brando's death, the footage was reincorporated into the 2006 re-cut of the film,Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut. Two years after Brando's death, he "reprised" the role of Jor-El in the 2006 "loose sequel"Superman Returns, in which both used and unused archive footage of Brando as Jor-El from the first two Superman films was remastered for a scene in the Fortress of Solitude, and Brando's voice-overs were used throughout the film. Brando starred as Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam epicApocalypse Now. Brando plays a highly decorated American Army Special Forces officer who goes renegade. He runs his own operations based in Cambodia and is feared by the US military as much as the Vietnamese. Brando was paid $1 million a week for his work. Despite announcing his retirement from acting in 1980, he subsequently gave interesting supporting performances in movies such asA Dry White Season(for which he was again nominated for an Oscar in 1989),The Freshmanin 1990 andDon Juan DeMarcoin 1995. In his last film,The Score(2001), he starred with fellow method actor Robert De Niro. Some later performances, such asThe Island of Dr Moreau(1996), earned Brando some of the most uncomplimentary reviews of his career. Brando conceived the idea of a novel calledFan-Tanwith director Donald Cammell in 1979, which was not released [27] until 2005. In 2004, Brando signed with Tunisian film director Ridha Behion and began pre-production on a project to be titled Brando and Brando. Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a [28] July/August 2004 start date. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi [29] [30] [31] stated that he would continue the film as an homage to Brando, with a new title ofCitizen Brando.

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Marlon Brando

Personal life

Relationships and family InSongs My Mother Taught Me, Brando claimed he met Marilyn Monroe at a party where she played piano, unnoticed by anybody else there, and they had an affair and maintained an intermittent relationship for many years, receiving a telephone call from her several days before she died. He also claimed numerous other romances, although he did not discuss his marriages, his wives, or his children in his autobiography. Brando married actress Anna Kashfi in 1957. Kashfi was born in Calcutta and moved to Wales from India in 1947. She is said to have been the daughter of a Welsh steel worker of Irish descent, William O'Callaghan, who had been superintendent on the Indian State railways. However, in her book,Brando for Breakfast, she claimed that she really is half Indian and that the press incorrectly thought that her stepfather, O'Callaghan, was her real father. She said her real father was Indian and that she was the result of an "unregistered alliance" between her parents. Brando and Kashfi had a son, Christian Brando, on May 11, 1958; they divorced in 1959. In 1960, Brando married Movita Castaneda, a Mexican-American actress seven years his senior; they were divorced in 1962. Castaneda had appeared in the firstMutiny on the Bountyfilm in 1935, some 27 years before the 1962 remake with Brando as Fletcher Christian. They had two children together, Miko Castaneda Brando (born 1961) and Rebecca Brando (born 1966). Tahitian actress Tarita Teriipia, who played his love interest inMutiny on the Bounty, became Brando's third wife on August 10, 1962. She was 20 years old, 18 years younger than Brando, who was reportedly delighted by her [32] naiveta. Because Teriipia was a native French speaker, Brando became fluent in the language and gave numerous [33] [34] interviews in French. Teriipia became the mother of two of his children, Simon Teihotu Brando (born 1963) and Tarita Cheyenne Brando. Brando also adopted Teriipia's daughters Maimiti Brando (born 1977) and Raiatua Brando (born 1982). Brando and Teriipia divorced in July 1972. Brando had a longterm relationship with his housekeeper Maria Christina Ruiz, by whom he had three children, Ninna Priscilla Brando (born May 13, 1989), Myles Jonathan Brando (born January 16, 1992), and Timothy Gahan [35] Brando (born January 6, 1994). He had three more children by unidentified women, Stefano Brando (born 1967), [36] Dylan Brando (born 1968), and Angelique Brando. He also adopted Petra Brando-Corval (born 1972), the daughter of his assistant Caroline Barrett and novelist James Clavell. Tuki Brando, one of Brando's numerous grandchildren, is a famous Tahitian fashion model in his own right. Brando's grandchildren also include Michael Brando (b. 1988), son of Christian Brando, in addition to Prudence [37] Brando, and Shane Brando, children of Miko C. Brando, the three children of Teihotu Brando , and many others. [38] Courtney Love at some point claimed to be the granddaughter of Marlon Brando. The current exact number of Brando's descendents is unknown. Death of Dag Drollet In May 1990, Dag Drollet, the Tahitian lover of Brando's daughter Cheyenne, died of a gunshot wound after a confrontation with Cheyenne's half-brother Christian at the family's hilltop home above Beverly Hills. Christian, then 31 years old, claimed he was drunk and the shooting was accidental. After heavily publicized pre-trial proceedings, Christian pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and use of a gun. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. Before the sentence, Brando delivered an hour of testimony, in which he said he and his former wife had failed Christian. He commented softly to members of the Drollet family: "I'm sorry... If I could trade places with Dag, I would. I'm prepared for the consequences." Afterward, Drollet's father, Jacques, said he thought Brando was acting and his son was "getting away with murder." The tragedy was compounded in 1995, when Cheyenne, suffering from lingering effects of a serious car accident and said to still be depressed over Drollet's death, committed suicide by hanging herself in Tahiti. Christian Brando died of pneumonia at age 49, on January 26, 2008.

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