Blue Jacket

Sugden John

Description

Blue Jacket (ca. 1743–ca. 1808), or Waweyapiersenwaw, was the galvanizing force behind an intertribal confederacy of unparalleled scope that fought a long and bloody war against white encroachments into the Shawnees’ homeland in the Ohio River Valley. Blue Jacket was an astute strategist and diplomat who, though courted by American and British leaders, remained a staunch defender of the Shawnees’ independence and territory. In this arresting and controversial account, John Sugden depicts the most influential Native American leader of his time.

Sujets

• Lettres et linguistique
• USA
• Indigenous peoples
• Americas
• History of the Americas
• États-Unis
• History

Informations

• Publié par: Nebraska Paperback
• Date de parution: 01 avril 2000
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780803205925
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 19 Mo

Extrait

Blue Jacket

a m e r i c a n i n d i a n l i v e s

Editorial Board

General Editor A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff University of Illinois at Chicago (emerita) Kimberly Blaeser University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Brenda J. Child University of Minnesota R. David Edmunds University of Texas at Dallas Clara Sue Kidwell University of Oklahoma Daniel F. Littlefield University of Arkansas Tsianina Lomawaima University of Arizona Kathleen Mullen Sands Arizona State University Gerald Vizenor University of California, Berkeley

Warrior of the Shawnees j o h n s u g d e n Blue University of Nebraska Press Lincoln&London Jackt

©2000 by John Sugden All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America   Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sugden, John,1947– Blue jacket : warrior of the Shawnees / John Sugden. p. cm. — (American Indian lives) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0–8032–4288–3(cl: alk. paper) 1. Blue Jacket, b. ca.1752.2. Shawnee Indians — Kings and rulers — Biography.3. Shawnee Indians — Wars. I. Title. II. Series. e99.2000s35 b537 979'.004973'0092— dc21 [b]00–022192

This one is for the

Newberry Fellowship

Year of1989and

the staff and friends

who made it special.

Contents

List of Illustrations,viii Preface,ix Acknowledgments,xiii Introduction,1 1Blue Jacket’s People,7 2Beginnings,25 3Defending the Dark and Bloody Ground,36 4The Second War for Kentucky,48 5Trouble Is Coming upon Us Fast,65 6The War for Ohio,76 7Tomahawks and Tobacco,88 8We Are Determined to Meet the Enemy,99 9General Blue Jacket and Arthur St. Clair,113 10All the Nations Are Now of One Mind,128 11Just Rights and an Uncertain War,142 12The Expedition to Fort Recovery,156 13The Final Battle,172 14We Must Think of War No More,188 15Living with Peace,208 16Uneasy Retirement,218 17Voices from the West,233 Conclusion,254 List of Abbreviations,265 Notes,267 Selected Bibliography,317 Index,335

Illustrations

f i g u r e s following page112 Shawnee warrior,1796 Kishkalwa Captain Reed Maumee Towns Signatures of Blue Jacket and Little Turtle Arthur St. Clair Anthony Wayne Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Greenville Tecumseh Tenskwatawa Charles Blue-Jacket

m a p s 1. War on the Ohio,1774–1783,47 2. The Northwestern War,1786–1795,78 3. St. Clair’s Defeat,1791,125 4. Fallen Timbers,1794,178

Preface

In the late eighteenth century there was an invasion of what is now Ohio. The Revolutionary War was over. But the needy government of the new republic wanted land to survey and sell in lots for money, land to populate and to turn into new states of the Union. The Northwest Ordi- nance of1787boldly proclaimed the determination of the United States to govern the vast and rich regions north of the Ohio River. Individual states, such as Connecticut and Virginia, also coveted lands between the Ohio and Lake Erie so that they could reward their revolutionary veterans, and speculators were eager to traffic in lands — to purchase them in bulk from Congress and sell them to settlers for profit. Even before the arrival of the hardy pioneers who build permanent farms in what is now Ohio, white “squatters” were spilling in, hewing clearings in the thick woods, building log cabins, and hunting and raising corn for a while before moving on. The impetus for the invasion came from population growth in the eastern states and a belief that a freer and more prosperous life might be had in the West. In the1780s thousands of settlers flatboated down the Ohio River. The population of Kentucky multiplied sixfold in as many years. Over the Ohio, Marietta was established in1788, Cincinnati in 1790, and three years later twenty-four hundred settlers were living on the Symmes grant between the Great and Little Miami Rivers. Stout wooden forts were raised at strategic points to defend the influx, and

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