In Oshiwambo, the elephant is likened to the most challenging situation that people can face. If an elephant appears in the morning, all planned activities are put on hold and the villagers join forces to deal with it. For Tshiwa Trudie Amulungu, the elephant showed up on many mornings and she had no choice but to tame it. Growing up in a traditional household in northern Namibia, and moving to a Catholic school, Amulungu’s life started within a very ordered framework. Then one night in 1977 she crossed the border into Angola with her schoolmates and joined the liberation movement. Four months later she was studying at the UN Institute for Namibia in Lusaka Zambia, later going on to study in France. Amulungu recounts the cultural shocks and huge discoveries she made along her journey with honesty, emotion and humour. She draws the reader into her experiences through a close portrayal of life, friends and community in the different places where she lived and studied in exile. This is a compelling story of survival, longing for home, fear of the return, and overcoming adversity in strange environments. It is also a love story that brought two families and cultures together.
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First published: 2016 Cover drawing: Pena Brock Family trees:Brock Wîrîed MapsHîpondoka and Andreas Amukwaya,: Marîn UNAM Deparmen o Geograpy, Hîsory & Envîronmena Sudîes Copy-editing: Muaenî Nadîmî, Lusdreamer Creaîve Servîces Design and layout: Vîvîen Barnes, Handmade Communîcaîons Printed byOfse (Maaysîa): Tîmes
ïSBN 978-99916-42-18-5
Distribution ïn Namîbîa by Namîbîa Book Marke: www.namîbîabooks.com ïnernaîonay by e Arîcan Books Coecîve: www.arîcanbookscoecîve.com
Contents
A word abou e îe o e book Proogue Maps A word abou Namîbîa 1 My ancesors 2 My cîdood 3 My word opens up 4 Exîe becomes a norma way o îe 5 Marrîed jus or a ew mons 6 My îe gaîns new meanîng 7 Arrîva o a wîe comrade 8 Namîbîa gaîns îndependence 9 Tamîng my eepan Many anks he îberaîon srugge and îe în exîe 1958-1990 Acronyms Gossary o Osîwambo erms
Meaporîcay, în Osîwambo, my moer ongue, e eepan îs îkened o e mos caengîng sîuaîon a can ace umanîy. he Aawambo beîeve a î an eepan sows up, everyîng ese, îrrespecîve o îs naure and urgency, îs pu asîde. Deaîng wî and geîng rîd o e eepan becomes prîorîy number one. For îs reason, wen eder peope pan an acîvîy or e oowîng mornîng, eîr concudîng senence îs aways as oows ‘Ongula osho tatu ningingele uusiku inawu vala ondjamba’or ‘We wî do as agreed î e nîg does no gîve bîr o an eepan.’ ï e nîg appens o ave gîven bîr o an eepan, a panned acîvîîes are pu on od and e vîagers îmmedîaey joîn orces o ge rîd o e eepan. ïn my case, sînce ï was aone and e eepan sowed up so many îmes, ï ad no coîce bu o ame î.
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Prologue
‘I now turn to my new daughter-in-law. From a humble place in Owambo, she went to Zambia, then to France and back to Namibia with a French Master’s.’
hese were e exac words o my aer-în-aw as par o îs speec a my weddîng wen ï marrîed îs son în December 1990. My aer-în-aw as capured e exac scope o e andmarks o e roue ï, and so many oers, ad o rave o arrîve were we are oday. ï as been an unusua roue, u o caenges bu aso u o peasan surprîses. Wy dîd ï decîde o wrîe îs book? We, ï sared eeîng awkward beîng wî peope wo dîd no know a muc abou me. ï know a îs senîmen may be ard o beîeve, bu, or me, e awkwardness ony înensîied wen î came o ose ï îved wî. ï irs oug o sarîng my sory wî my amîy. Aoug so dear o me, ey do no know a o me, maybe even ess an a. hey are, owever, convînced a ey know me we. Ye, ere îs so muc abou me a ey canno know. ïndîvîduas’ îves are oten mos eusîve o ose coses o em. No by coîce, bu a’s jus ow îngs are. ï ad o rave a ong roue o adjus o my îe as î îs oday, bu ey don’ know muc abou îs efor. ï înîîay smîed wen my cîdren asked me quesîons o wîc ey expeced noîng ess an answers a corresponded o eîr rame o reerence. ïn e end, ï oo assumed a e oo-aîry, Easer eggs, Crîsmas rees and oer suc cusoms were e naura way o doîng îngs. Habî sîmpy and graduay se în.
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4 | Tamîng My Eepan
ï ony, unexpecedy, cîcked one day wen a car guard unînenîonay, bu body, drew my aenîon o îs obvîous ac. hîs aenîve young man mus ave observed us, my usband, my cîdren and me, over a perîod o îme as we arrîved reguary a e gym. ïneresîngy, î a sared wî îm oferîng o ook ater our car. here beîng noîng unusua abou a, we aways wecomed e ofer. One day, î so appened a ï wen o e gym aone. Our usua car aendan conideny approaced me and asked me, îs îme în Osîwambo, weer e coud ook ater e car.Sure,ï responded and was abou o rus of. Bu e poîey waned o know î e coud quîcky ask me someîng.Sure, ï answered and sowed down. Ceary, e was saîsied a e coud conirm îs ong ed suspîcîon abou my moer ongue. Hîs quesîon o me oug was:Who are the peoplewith whom you always come to the gym?Wen ï expaîned a ese were îndeed my usband and cîdren, îs nex quesîon was:Do you mean youlive with them?As soon as ï ad responded în e aIrmaîve, e ired e nex quesîon:How do you communicate with each other?Wen ï od îm a we dîd so în Engîs, e waned o know weer îs was wa ï was doîng on a daîy basîs. Agaîn ï responded în e aIrmaîve. Aoug e appeared no o ave urer quesîons, îs ook expressed noîng ess an genuîne sympay. From îs brîe excange wî e car guard ï reaîsed ow muc my presen amîy îe perpexed an ordînary Namîbîan wo sared my background and experîence. ï aer on aso esabîsed a a good number o my peers înîîay wondered weer my marrîage o a wîe man was no sressu or me. ï sî remember ow one o my cose rîends conroned me wî an unambîguous quesîon:How do you deal with a white husband?ï o course was aso surprîsed by e sît o my own mînd se beween e irs îme ï ad se eyes on my usband în 1988 în Lusaka, Zambîa, and e îme a ese perpexîîes came o e ore 24 years aer wen ï began wrîîng îs book. My irs concern was o provîde my cîdren wî some accoun o my background în order or em o ge some undersandîng o e socîey ï was rom and e pa ï ad raveed beore seîng îno e pos Wîndoek suburb o Ludwîgsdor. Beore puîng anyîng on paper, ï releced a bî on wa o încude în my sory. hîs obvîousy made me
Proogue | 5
înk deep îno my pas în order o sor ou e reevan înormaîon. ï wen as ar back as some ory years, o e earîes days o my îe. ï was amazed abou e woe o ï ad gone roug. ï ceary reca my naura upbrîngîng, my naîve vîage and scoo îe a e Caoîc mîssîon saîons în Okaana and Anamuenge and my very irs sep îno e unknown, a îberaîon movemen a woud become my guardîan or weve years. hîs îberaîon movemen or e îndependence o Namîbîa woud secure ome or me în Angoa, Zambîa and France wî emporary seer în Tanzanîa, Kenya and Senega. Wen ï ook îno e eyes o my our daugers, ï see eîr absoue convîcîon a ï ave aways îved în Ludwîgsdor. Lîe do ey know a ï ad moved ere jus sory beore e as wo were born. Wen my cîdren excîedy ask me wa gîts ey are geîng or Crîsmas, ow coud ey possîby know a Crîsmas was e ony day o e year a ï go o drînk ea? For em, ea as aways been în e ouse and î îs drunk by coîce. Sugar îs a ouseod îem a we keep în e same pace year în and year ou. As a cîd, ï devîsed pan ater pan on ow o sea sugar. My poor moer ad o ind îdîng paces o proec e sugar rom us, ye we aways managed o ind î. And, o course, once we dîscovered î, we sowed no mercy and ae as muc as we coud. Aoug punîsmen was guaraneed, î never deerred us. My recoecîons broug back ond memorîes o îs ypîca vîage gîr wo, îke any vîage gîr, ad o earn every ouseod acîvîy, rangîng rom a a î akes o produce meas or an enîre amîy wîou any measuremen, o ookîng ater sîbîngs în e absence o bo parens. A mere ook a e amoun o waer în e po or a quîck dîp o a inger în a o îquîd was enoug or me o know weer ï woud ave enoug porrîdge or everyone, or weer e mîxure was ready or ermenaîon or e nex day’s drînk. And, în îke manner, a sern ook a a younger sîbîng was suIcîen or îm or er o undersand a, în e absence o e parens, ï was în carge. Wî îs ypîca radîîona upbrîngîng and every day ied wî noîng bu work, ï aced caenges on arrîva a e irs Caoîc mîssîon saîon or scoo. Here, ï ad o adjus o a new order, especîay e reguaed way o doîng îngs. he adjusmen was no a ard as ere was e domînan eemen o workoad, jus îke a ome. he ony
6 | Tamîng My Eepan
dîference was a one ad o be very aenîve o e îme accordîng o e wac and no onger accordîng o e posîîon o e sun, and o e exac sequence în wîc îngs ad o be done. Ater avîng comoraby seed îno and perecy adjused o e srucured îe o e mîssîon saîon, ï was o ind myse, rom one day o e nex, în a compeey dîferen se up across e Namîbîan border. he expanaîon îs sîmpe: wîîn e bînk o an eye, we, a arge group o scoo earners, crossed e border îno Angoa and joîned e îberaîon srugge o Namîbîa under e care o e Sou Wes Arîcan Peope’s Organîsaîon (SWAPO). ïnîîay, î a sounded unbeîevabe. Very quîcky we were o dîscover Namîbîans wo ad et e counry earîer, some as eary as 20 years beore us. We earned o eîr rue îdenîy, wîc was ar rom beîng wa e Sou Arîcan apareîd governmen porrayed em as back ome. hese brave counrymen and women ad se up a nework o camps, cenres and seemens across e neîgbourîng counrîes o receîve and care or Namîbîan reedom igers. As unbeîevabe as î may sound, ey ad secured rus and soîdarîy across e word. Ater ree mons în e camps în Angoa, we were sîmpy pu on an aeropane o go or urer sudîes. he sky was e îmî! ï pîcked up e courage o sudy a e Unîed Naîons ïnsîue or Namîbîa (UNïN) în Lusaka, Zambîa, and wen on or unîversîy sudîes în France, sudyîng în Frenc. Sînce ere were undreds and ousands o us, a sense o purpose and dîscîpîne was a requîremen. ïn a very sor îme, we conneced and uy embraced e îberaîon srugge o our counry and made î our rea daîy busîness. ï dîd no maer wa was assîgned o us, we sîmpy pîcked up e order and wen or î. From servîng în e Peope’s Lîberaîon Army o Namîbîa (PLAN), o sudyîng în very dîsan counrîes and în anguages we were no amîîar wî, o servîng în camps and seemens or în SWAPO oIces across e word, we served werever requîred. Our mîndse was soey geared owards securîng e îndependence o our counry. And we were uy aware a we ad a engy, arduous pa aead o us. One, owever, îs no sîeded rom caenges în precarîous sîuaîons suc as e ones we ound ourseves în. ï was durîng ese 12 years away rom ome a ï was o receîve e sad news o e sudden dea
Proogue | 7
o my moer, eavîng beînd my eîg younger sîbîngs. ï was urer o ge myse îno a very sor marrîage wîc et me saered or a number o years. Bu as e sayîng goes: caenges can be urned îno opporunîîes. My moeress sîbîngs and my baby dauger added o my sense o purpose and urer sarpened my deermînaîon o move on and work arder. Soon aterwards ï me a remarkabe young man wom ï was o marry some wo years aer. Hîs skîn coour became a caenge or me or some îme, bu î graduay became a non-îssue. We bo, owever, ad o ind a creaîve bu convîncîng way o înroducîng eac oer o our respecîve amîîes. And îs ad o appen upon our reurn o Namîbîa, în e wake o e excîemen and anxîey o our naîona îndependence. Can you îmagîne e magnîude o suc a parnersîp în a counry îke Namîbîa ose years wen skîn coour was a rea îssue and mîxed marrîages were as good as non-exîsen? As e ae Mosé Tjîendero e irs Speaker o e Naîona Assemby o e Repubîc o Namîbîa pu î în îs speec a our weddîng în December 1990, our marrîage was a bod saemen. hîs îs e sory ï wîs o sare wî ose wo care o read î. Today, ï ind e sory unînkabe. Wa îs amazîng îs a ï dîd no reay pan any o e many îngs a appened o me. Neîer dîd ï reaîse a ose parîcuar momens ow exraordînary ese appenîngs were. hîs îs parîcuary rue or my 12 years în exîe. ïn reaîy, îngs jus appened. As many îke o say: one ony needs o be a e rîg pace a e rîg îme. And îs îs a ï dîd. ïn e ina anaysîs, one canno ake credî or any o ese appenîngs. ïn a way, ese evens relec a coecîve acîevemen. hose o us wo wen or sudîes coud ony do so because oers were wagîng e îberaîon war and some oers wen around e word campaîgnîng or soîdarîy, încudîng scoarsîps. ïn e end, eac o us ad o brîng our îe pîeces o e îberaîon srugge puzze, aoug, evîdeny some broug bîgger pîeces an oers. Jus as ere îs a vîsîbe eap beween my cîdood îe o my cîdren’s îves, so was ere a uge eap beween e îves o my grandparens and a o my own parens, and o course beween my parens’ îves and my own. Eac o e our generaîons as ad compeey dîferen îe experîences. ï îs ar rom beîng a sîmpe evouîon.