Ulster Political Lives, 1886-1921

Description

Ulster Political Lives, 1886-1921 examines the lives of 50 of Ulster's most significant political figures in the turbulent period from the first Home Rule Bill of 1886 to the foundation of the state of Northern Ireland in 1921. It includes articles on leading figures such as Edward Carson, James Craig and Joseph Devlin, but also on lesser-known but interesting figures such as Margaret Byers, Winifred Carney and George Clark, whose lives are also significant and instructive. It details the lives of unionists and nationalists, loyalists and republicans, but also those who did not fit into such neat categories-socialists, trade unionists and feminists, who often avoided identification with the major political groupings but nonetheless made noteworthy contributions to the creation of Northern Ireland and the shape it took after 1921. About the Dictionary of Irish Biography: The Dictionary of Irish Biography, a research project of the Royal Irish Academy, is the most comprehensive and authoritative biographical dictionary yet published for Ireland. It comprises over 10,000 lives, which describe and assess the careers of subjects in all fields of endeavour, including politics, law, religion, literature, journalism, architecture, music and the arts, the sciences, medicine, entertainment and sport.

Sujets

• Politique
• Irlande du Nord
• Stephen Ireland
• Northern Ireland
• Ireland
• Irlanda del Norte
• Lettres et linguistique

Informations

• Publié par: Royal Irish Academy
• Date de parution: 01 octobre 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781908997050
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Ulster political lives 1886-1921
Edited by James Quinn and Patrick Maume
Ulster political lives, 1886-1921
First published 2016 Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 www.ria.ie
Text, James Maguire and James Quinn (eds), Dictionary of Irish Biography , Royal Irish Academy 2009, published by Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission
ISBN 978-1-908997-05-0
During the production process some photographs and illustrations have been retouched for aesthetic purposes. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders of these items and to ensure the accuracy of their captions. See Photo Credits.
All rights reserved. The material in this publication is protected by copyright law. Except as may be permitted by law, no part of the material may be reproduced (including by storage in a retrieval system) or transmitted in any form or by any means; adapted; rented or lent without the written permission of the copyright owners.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Editor: Helena King Design: Fidelma Slattery Picture research: Anne Rosenbusch and Jeff Wilson Index: Eileen O Neill
Printed in Poland by Przedsiebiorstwo Uslugowo Produkcyjne INTROKAR Karina Luczak
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Contents
Chronology
Introduction
Biographies
List of abbreviations
Bibliography
Picture credits
Chronology
1870
19 May : Home rule movement launched by Isaac Butt in Dublin
1871
1 January : Gladstone s Irish Church Act, disestablishing the Church of Ireland, comes into effect
1877
28 August : Charles Stewart Parnell replaces Butt as president of the Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain
1879
21 October : Irish National Land League founded in Dublin
1881
22 August : Gladstone s Land Act grants fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale to Irish tenant farmers
1883
26 January : Ulster Land Committee formed in Belfast to represent the province s tenant-right associations
1884
6 December : Representation of the People Act enfranchises small farmers and labourers, more than tripling the Irish electorate to 740,000
1885
1 May : Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union formed to defend the union with Great Britain
November-December : UK general election; the Liberals are the largest party but narrowly fail to win an overall majority; 85 Irish nationalist MPs hold the balance of power
17 December : Gladstone s conversion to home rule for Ireland revealed
1886
8 April : Gladstone introduces home rule bill in House of Commons
4-10 June : Riots in Belfast against home rule
8 June : Home rule bill defeated in Commons; opposed by 93 Liberals
July : UK general election; Conservatives and unionists win a majority; Salisbury becomes prime minister
1890
December : Irish parliamentary party splits into pro- and anti-Parnell factions
1891
6 October : Death of Parnell
1892
17 June : Ulster unionist convention in Botanic Gardens, Belfast, resolves to oppose home rule
July : UK general election; the Liberals are the largest party but need Irish nationalist support to form a government
1893
13 February : Gladstone introduces second home rule bill in Commons
21-22 April : Riots in Belfast against home rule
2 September : Home rule bill passes third reading in Commons
9 September : Home rule bill defeated by 419 to 41 votes in Lords
1894
3 March : Gladstone resigns
1895
July : UK general election; Conservatives and Liberal unionists form a government
1898
12 August : Local Government (Ireland) Act, provides for the creation of elected county and district councils
1899
11 October : Outbreak of Boer war (ends 31 May 1902)
1900
6 February : John Redmond elected leader of re-united Irish parliamentary party
1903
11 June : Independent Orange Order formed in Belfast
1904
2 December : Ulster unionist MPs form Ulster Unionist Council in Belfast
1905
8 March : Bulmer Hobson founds first Dungannon club in Belfast
1906
January : UK general election; Liberals win comfortable overall majority; Irish nationalists win 82 seats, Irish unionists 20
April : Ulster Liberal Association founded, with backing from W. J. Pirrie of Harland and Wolff
1907
6 May : Strike of dockers in Belfast begins a series of strikes organised by James Larkin of the National Union of Dock Labourers
5 September : Nationalist groups unite to form Sinn F in under the leadership of Arthur Griffith
1908
1 August : Irish Universities Act replaces the Royal University with a National University based in Dublin and Queen s University of Belfast
1909
10 December : H. H. Asquith, the Liberal prime minister, promises self-government for Ireland
1910
January : UK general election; the Liberals need the support of John Redmond s 70-strong Irish parliamentary party to govern
21 February : Sir Edward Carson elected leader of Irish unionists in Commons December : Another UK general election; Liberals still the largest party with Irish parliamentary party holding the balance of power
1911
23 January : Ulster Women s Unionist Council formed 18 August : Parliament Act restricts House of Lords veto to 2 years
21 August : Irish Women s Suffrage Federation founded 23 September : Massive unionist demonstration against home rule in Belfast addressed by Carson
1912
8 February : Winston Churchill and John Redmond address pro-home rule rally at Celtic Park in Belfast
9 April : At a unionist demonstration at Balmoral, near Belfast, Andrew Bonar Law, leader of the Conservative party, pledges the support of British unionists to resistance to home rule
11 April : Asquith introduces third home rule bill in Commons
28 September : Unionists throughout Ulster sign the Solemn League and Covenant to resist home rule
1913
16, 30 January : Third reading of home rule bill carried in Commons, but defeated in Lords
31 January : Ulster Volunteer Force founded
15 July : After passing in Commons, home rule bill again defeated in Lords
17 September : Ulster Unionist Council appoints provisional government , chaired by Carson, to come into effect if home rule bill becomes law
25 November : Irish Volunteers formed at meeting in Dublin, presided over by Eoin MacNeill
1914
20 March : Curragh mutiny - Most officers of the 3rd Cavalry Brigade announce their unwillingness to enforce home rule on Ulster
24-25 April : UVF gun-running: large quantity of rifles landed at Larne, Co. Antrim, and Donaghadee and Bangor, Co. Down
25 May : Home rule bill passes through Commons for third time
23 June : Government introduces bill in Lords to provide for temporary exclusion from home rule for individual Ulster counties
28 June : Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by a Slav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia
10 July : Ulster unionist provisional government meets in Belfast
21-4 July : Government, nationalists and unionists fail to reach agreement on the status of Ulster at Buckingham Palace conference
26 July : Rifles for Irish Volunteers landed at Howth
4 August : UK declares war on Germany after German invasion of Belgium
18 September : Suspensory Act suspends the introduction of home rule for the duration of the war
1915
25 May : Carson joins Asquith s coalition cabinet as attorney general, but Redmond refuses to take office
1916
24 April : Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army mount insurrection in Dublin; they surrender on 30 April 3-12 May : Executions of insurgent commanders
12 June : Ulster Unionist Council agrees to implementation of home rule, with 6 Ulster counties temporarily excluded
1 July : Somme offensive begins; 36th (Ulster) Division suffers heavy casualties
20 July : Public meeting in Derry leads to formation of Anti-Partition League (later Irish Nation League)
24 July : Redmond repudiates government s partition proposals
1917
25 July : Irish Convention meets in Dublin; opposed by Sinn F in and Ulster unionists
1918
6 February : Parliamentary franchise given to all men over 21 and most women over 30
11 November : Great War ends
14-28 December : UK General election won by Conservatives; Sinn F in wins 73 of 105 Irish seats, Ulster unionists win 26
1919
21 January : First meeting of D il ireann at Mansion House, Dublin, declares Ireland s independence; Irish Volunteer attack on RIC at Soloheadbeg, Co. Tipperary, kills two policemen and begins the war of independence
1920
20 March : Ulster Unionist Council accepts Government of Ireland Bill, which provides for two subordinate Irish parliaments: one for six Ulster counties, the other for the remainder of the country
23 December : Government of Ireland Act passed
1921
4 February : Carson resigns as leader of Ulster unionists and is replaced by Sir James Craig
24 May : Northern Ireland general election; unionists win 40 seats, nationalists 6 and Sinn F in 6
22 June : George V opens Northern Ireland parliament in Belfast
9 July : Truce ends Irish war of independence
9-15 July : Over 20 killed in serious disturbances in Belfast
6 December : Anglo-Irish treaty signed by British government and Sinn F in delegates in London; border between Irish Free State and Northern Ireland to be settled by a Boundary Commission
1922
14 January : Irish Free State provisional government elected by pro-treaty representatives
21 January : Michael Collins meets Craig and agrees to end boycott against northern businesses
12-15 February : 27 killed in gun battles between IRA and opposing forces in Belfast
31 May : RUC established
28 June : Free State troops attack anti-treaty forces in Four Courts, beginning the civil war
6 December : Formal establishment of Irish Free State with W. T. Cosgrave as president of the executive council
7 December : Both houses of Northern Ireland parliament agree to opt out of Irish Free State
1923
24 May : amon de Valera orders anti-