Development Induced Displacements in Zimbabwe

Description

Development-induced displacements may lead to loss of land, livelihoods, shelter, property, and access to social facilities, natural resources and cultural heritage, if the affected people are not cushioned by appropriate compensation and social support mechanisms, as well as integrated rehabilitation programmes to mitigate negative impact. As a result, communities often resist relocations and in some instances the emerging conflicts between the responsible authorities and the affected communities delay critical development projects. The policies of the Government of Zimbabwe are geared towards rural development, economic growth and foreign investment. This calls for a complementing review and harmonisation of legislation, policies and practices designed to protect the rights and livelihoods of rural communities affected and displaced by development projects. In 2019, the Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation (CCMT) hosted a series of multi-stakeholder policy dialogues on the issue of development-induced displacements in Zimbabwe. In addition, a research symposium was held in collaboration with the Tugwi Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute (TMMRI, Midlands State University) on Zimbabwean displacement experiences and policy options. This book, with contributions from a wide range of researchers and practitioners, presents the results of that process.

Sujets

• Emerging Countries
• Developing Countries
• Social Science

Informations

• Publié par: Weaver Press
• Date de parution: 01 avril 2021
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781779223876
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Development-Induced Displacements in Zimbabwe
Learning from Colonial and
Post-Colonial Experiences
Development-Induced Displacements in Zimbabwe
Learning from Colonial and
Post-Colonial Experiences
Edited by
Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation & Tugwi Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute
Published in 2021 by
Weaver Press, Box A1922 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
www.weaverpresszimbabwe.com >
and
Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation
28 Oxford Avenue, Newlands, Harare
P.O. Box A 1755, Avondale, Harare
Website: www.ccmt.co.zw
© Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation. 2021
Typeset by Weaver Press

The editors would like to express their gratitude to Weltfriedensdienst e.V. (WFD) and Ziviler Friedensdienst (ZFD) for supporting the publication of this book.

All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise – without the express written permission of the publisher.
DISCLAIMER: Any views or opinions presented or represented in this book are personal and belong solely to the authors and do not represent those of people, institutions, companies or organisations that the authors may or may not be associated with in personal or professional capacity. Any views or opinions are not intended to malign any group of people, institution, company, organisation, or individual.
ISBN: 978-1-77922-386-9 (p/b)
ISBN 978-1-77922-387-6 (ePub)
ISBN: 978-1-77922-388-3 (pdf)
Contents
About the Authors
Foreword Amb. Mary S. Mubi
Introduction Tugwi Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute
Key Issues and Recommendations Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation
I.
Perspectives on History, Law and Policy
1.
Development-Induced Displacements in Zimbabwe: A Historical Overview and General Experiences of the Affected People Hon. Chief Ngungumbane
2.
Development, Land Acquisition and Displacement: An Analysis of the Extent of the Compliance by the Laws of Zimbabwe to the Kampala Convention Thammary Brenda Vhiriri
3.
Land Tenure Systems, Neoliberal Policies and Displacement in Zimbabwe: An Overview Steve Mberi
II.
Colonial Experiences
4.
One Dam, Two Different Relocation Processes: The Case of Kariba, 1956-1961 Terence M. Mashingaidze
5.
Colonial and Post-Colonial Relocation Experiences of Two Headmen in Zaka District Francis Muromo
III.
Post-Colonial Experiences
6.
The Resettlement and Compensation of Displaced Households: A Case Study of Marovanyati and Causeway Dam Projects Chrispen Maseva
7.
Displacement Due to Urban Expansion in Mazowe District: Illustrations from Selected Urban Settlements Joel Chaeruka
8.
Challenges to Relocation and Compensation of Rural Communities Displaced by Development Projects: Case Studies from the Midlands Province Christof Schmidt & Shadreck Vengesai
About the Authors
Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation (CCMT) is a non-governmental organisation based in Harare, Zimbabwe. CCMT works to transform the ways in which societies deal with conflict – away from adversarial approaches and towards collaborative problem solving.
Tugwi Mukosi Multidisciplinay Research Institute (TMMRI) is a research institution of the Midlands State University (MSU) integrating multi-disciplinary researches that address national development priorities in water, environment, agriculture, fisheries, energy, livelihoods, and rural development.
Ambassador Mary S. Mubi is a diplomat and senior public servant in the Government of Zimbabwe. In the early 1980s, she worked in community development and adult education, as the government mobilized local communities to participate in inclusive local government structures. During her long diplomatic career, she served as the country’s representative in Rome to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Fund for Agriculture (IFAD). Her current post in the Office of the President and Cabinet has cemented her commitment to the importance of robust governance structures that are able to mobilize communities and a multiplicity of actors and development partners in the achievement of inclusive socio-economic development.
Honourable Chief Ngungumbane is a traditional Chief in Mberengwa (since 2006), member of the Chiefs Council (since 2008), Provincial Chairperson for the Midlands Provincial Assembly of Chiefs (since 2008) and Senator representing Chiefs of the Midlands Province in the upper chamber of the Zimbabwean Parliament (since 2008). He holds an MSc in Peace, Leadership & Conflict Resolution and a BSc (Hons) in Psychology with the Zimbabwe Open University.
Thammary Brenda Vhiriri is a legal practitioner with an LLBS from the University of Zimbabwe, Masters in Public Administration from Women’s University in Africa, and concluding an LLM in Corporate Law with the University of South Africa. She has worked with the Public Service Commission, Ministry of Mines and Mining Development, African Diamond Producers Association, and was a government legal advisor in the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. She has also worked as a General Manager Legal Services for the Zimbabwe Land Commission.
Steve Mberi is a Research Fellow with the Sam Moyo African Institute for Agrarian Studies (SMAIAS) and Administrator and Editorial Assistant of the Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy (Sage, India). His research interests lie in the field of climate change, land, natural resources management, environmental policy and planning. His current research work has been focused on capital and climate change politics, with specific reference to smallholder tobacco farmers in Zimbabwe. He holds an MSc in Development Studies from the National University of Science and Technology (NUST).
Terence M. Mashingaidze is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of History and the Executive Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the Midlands State University in Zimbabwe. He has a PhD in History from the University of Minnesota, USA, and an MA in African History from the University of Zimbabwe. He has published on dam-induced displacements, nationalism and reconciliation processes in post-colonial Zimbabwe. He is a former Social Science Research Council (SSRC) - Africa Peacebuilding Network (APN) research grantee.
Francis Muromo is a Research Fellow with the Tugwi Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute (TMMRI) of the Midlands State University (MSU). He holds a PhD in Rural Resource Management from University of KwaZulu Natal (UKZN), an MPhil in African Studies from the University of Cape Town (UCT) and an MSc in Rural and Urban Planning from the University of Zimbabwe. His research interests are in rural development, particularly rural livelihoods and dynamics behind sugarcane out grower schemes in the aftermath of Zimbabwe’s land reform.
Chrispen Maseva is an environmental and social sustainability practitioner with over 23 years’ experience of working with both rural and urban communities. Between 1997 and 2003 he worked for the then Department of Natural Resources as an Ecologist responsible for the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment policy and process. He became the Chief Ecologist in 2005, soon after the transformation of the Department into the Environmental Management Agency (EMA). In 2006 he joined the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC) as its Chief Environmental Planner and was involved with applying the African Development Bank’s Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) in relocation and compensation processes for transmission line construction projects. Currently, he is the Chief Environmental Expert at the Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ). He holds an MSc in Environmental Policy and Planning from the University of Zimbabwe.
Joel Chaeruka is a Lecturer in the Department of Rural and Urban Planning at the University of Zimbabwe. He is an experienced planner who worked for the Ministry of Local Government Public Works and Urban Development, Department of Physical Planning, as Chief Planning Officer in the Midlands Province and Mashonaland East Province before becoming the Deputy Director responsible for strategic planning. He holds an MPhil and MSc in Rural and Urban Planning from the University of Zimbabwe and his academic interests are in planning law and practice, urban development and management, urban design and settlement systems.
Christof Schmidt is the Advisor for Advocacy, Research & M&E at the Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation (since 2017). He is a development practitioner who has been working with Weltfriedensdienst e.V. (WFD) in international development cooperation and peace-building since 2013 and joined the Civil Peace Service (CPS) programme in Zimbabwe in 2015. He has an MA in Political Science and Philosophy from Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.
Shadreck Vengesai is the Research & Advocacy Coordinator at the Centre for Conflict Management and Transformation (since 2017). He is a development practitioner with over 10 years’ experience working for local, regional and international non-governmental organisations and has an LLM in International Human Rights Law from Tilburg University, Netherlands.
Foreword
Ambassador Mary S. Mubi
The Government of Zimbabwe’s Vision 2030 is an ambitious, transformative and inclusive development agenda to achieve an “Empowered and Prosperous Upper Middle-Income Society by 2030”. 1 Vision 2030 will be realised through the implementation of successive national development strategies.
The development agenda outlined in the ‘National Development Strategy 1’ is underpinned by key clusters which include economic growth and stability; food and nutrition security; structural transformation and value chains; infrastructure, util