A People's History of Modern Europe

William A. Pelz

Description

From the monarchical terror of the Middle Ages to the mangled Europe of the twenty-first century, A People's History of Modern Europe tells the history of the continent through the deeds of those whom mainstream history tries to forget.



Europe provided the perfect conditions for a great number of political revolutions from below. The German peasant wars of Thomas Müntzer, the bourgeois revolutions of the eighteenth century, the rise of the industrial worker in England, the turbulent journey of the Russian Soviets, the role of the European working class throughout the Cold War, student protests in 1968 and through to the present day, when we continue to fight to forge an alternative to the barbaric economic system.



By focusing on the role of women, trade unions and students, this history sweeps away the tired platitudes of the privileged upon which our current understanding is based, providing an opportunity to see our history differently.

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1. 'The King’s in His Castle... All’s Right with the World': The Collapse of the Middle Ages

2. 'The Other Reformation': Martin Luther, Religious Dogma and the Common People

3. 'The World Turned Upside Down': The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century and the English Revolution, 1640-49

4. The Rise of the Third Estate: The French People Revolt

5. Becoming an Appendage to the Machine: The Revolution in Production

6. From the Revolutions of 1848-49 to the First People's Democracy: The Paris Commune

7. The Rise of the Working Classes: Trade Unions and Socialism, 1871-1914

8. Protest and Mutiny Confront Mass Slaughter: Europeans in World War I

9. War Leads to Revolution: Russia (1917), Central Europe (1918-19)

10. Economic Collapse and the Rise of Fascism, 1920-33

11. Against Fascist Terror: War and Genocide, 1933-45

12. A New Europe? 1945-48

13. Europeans in the Cold War: Between Moscow and Washington

14. From the Berlin Wall to the Prague Spring: A New Generation of Europeans

15. Fighting for Peace in an Atomic Age, 1969-89

16. Europe Falls into the Twenty-First Century

Notes

Index

Sujets

• Social History
• HISTORY
• Histoire
• Austria
• Habsburg Monarchy
• General officer
• Paris Commune
• Politics
• Oral history
• Industrial Revolution
• Historiography
• History of Europe
• Colonialism
• General
• Union européenne
• Europe
• Autriche

Informations

• Publié par: Pluto Press
• Date de parution: 20 mai 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783717675
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

A Péôé’ŝ Hîŝôy ô Môé Eûôé

“A àŝçîàî jôûéy àçôŝŝ çéûîéŝ ôàŝ é ô àŝ é ééîéçé î ôày. ... I îŝ é ôîçé ô é ôîày éôé, à ômé î àîçûà, éî îéàŝ à àçîôŝ, ôéŝŝ à ŝûéîŝ à àé ôé îô é màkî ô îŝ àéàîé ààîé.” ——Sôbàà Dàà Gûà, ômé Sûéà Nà Bàéjéé Pôéŝŝô ô Pôîîçà Sçîéçé, Uîéŝîy ô Càçûà

“A îŝôy ô Eûôé à ôéŝ’ émôé é Eûôéàŝ. Héé éé àé ô ôy kîŝ, éŝîéŝ à îŝîûîôŝ bû é ûŝé ô é éôé à ŝôçîà ôàîzàîôŝ à ŝàé Eûôé. A mûŝ-éà.” ——Ràqûé Vàéà, Uîéŝîàé Nôà é Lîŝbôà

“Lîéy à éàî. Wîîàm A Péz àkéŝ é éàé ôû à ôûŝà yéàŝ ô Eûôéà îŝôy ôm béô. Tîŝ îŝ é ô é ŝôy ô ôŝ, kîŝ à ûéŝ. I îŝ é ŝôy ô é ôîày éôé ô Eûôé à éî ŝûéŝ ààîŝ ôŝé ôŝ, kîŝ à ûéŝ, ôm é Mîé Aéŝ ô é éŝé ày. A îé îôûçîô.” ——Fàçîŝ Kî, éîô,Socialist History

“Tîŝ bôôk îŝ à éçéîô ô é ûé à é îé àkéŝ à. I îîŝ é îmôàçé ô é çômmôéŝ îç ôé îŝ ôy ŝô î é àk çôéŝ ô màîŝéàm îŝôy bôôkŝ. Fôm Hûŝŝîéŝ, Léééŝ à ŝàŝ-çûôéŝ ô é ômé ô ééé é Pàîŝ Cômmûé à é ôkéŝ ô ôççûîé é ŝîyàŝ ûî é Cààîô éôûîô î Pôûà. Té àûô îéŝ ém éî éŝéé àçé î îŝôy jûŝ îké Hôà Zî î ô é Améîçà éôé.” ——Sjààk à é Véé, Iéàîôà Iŝîûé ô Sôçîà Hîŝôy, Amŝéàm

“Té àûô ûŝ îŝ ôçûŝ ô é îéŝ à îŝôîçà îmàç ô ôŝé éçûé ôm ôé à éà: éàŝàŝ à ŝéŝ ô é Mîé Aéŝ, ôkéŝ ûî é Iûŝîà Réôûîô, ômé î à àîàçîç ôé à àŝçéé îéé éàŝ. Tîŝ ôçûŝ ô ôy màkéŝ îŝôy ééà ô çôémôày ébàéŝ ô ŝôçîà jûŝîçé, î àŝô ûéŝ é éàé ô ééô à çîîçà àôàç.” ——Rà Hôôé, Rû-Uîéŝîä Bôçûm

“A éçîî ŝôy ô ééàîôŝ ô éôé ŝûî ô béé îî çôîîôŝ, à ô ŝôçîà à ôîîçà îŝ. ... Tîŝ ŝôy àŝ ô bé çôŝîéé ô, é é éy ôîôŝ ô éîémé, ôéŝŝ à ŝôçîà çàé àé béî qûéŝîôé.” ——Bôîŝ Kààîŝky, îéçô ô Iŝîûé ô ôbàîzàîô ŝûîéŝ à ŝôçîà môéméŝ, Môŝçô, à àûô ôFrom Empires to Imperialism

“A ŝéî àîôé ô é mày Eûôéà îŝôîéŝ ômîàé by kîŝ, bûŝîéŝŝmé à ééàŝ. I ŝôû bé ô é ŝééŝ ô bô àçàémîçŝ à àçîîŝŝ ... A îéy à îômàîé îééçûà ôû-é-ôçé.” ——Màçé à é Lîé, Iéàîôà Iŝîûé ô Sôçîà Hîŝôy, Amŝéàm

A Péôé’ŝ Hîŝôy ô Môé Eûôé

Wîîàm A. Péz

Fîŝ ûbîŝé 2016 by Pûô Péŝŝ 345 Açày Rôà, Lôô N6 5AA

.ûôbôôkŝ.çôm

Côyî © Wîîàm A. Péz 2016

Té î ô Wîîàm A. Péz ô bé îéîîé àŝ é àûô ô îŝ ôk àŝ béé àŝŝéé by îm î àççôàçé î é Côyî, Déŝîŝ à Pàéŝ Aç 1988.

Bîîŝ Lîbày Cààôûî î Pûbîçàîô Dàà A çààôûé éçô ô îŝ bôôk îŝ ààîàbé ôm é Bîîŝ Lîbày

ISBN 978 0 7453 3246 8 Hàbàçk ISBN 978 0 7453 3245 1 Pàébàçk ISBN 978 1 7837 1767 5 PDF éBôôk ISBN 978 1 7837 1769 9 Kîé éBôôk ISBN 978 1 7837 1768 2 EPUB éBôôk

Tîŝ bôôk îŝ îé ô àé ŝûîàbé ô éçyçî à màé ôm ûy mààé à ŝûŝàîé ôéŝ ŝôûçéŝ. Lôî, ûî à màûàçûî ôçéŝŝéŝ àé ééçé ô çôôm ô é éîôméà ŝààŝ ô é çôûy ô ôîî.

Tyéŝé by Sàô DTP Séîçéŝ, Nôàmô, Eà

Sîmûàéôûŝy îé î é Eûôéà Uîô à Uîé Sàéŝ ô Améîçà

Côéŝ

Acknowledgements îî

Introduction îîî

c hapter one “Té Kî’ŝ î Hîŝ Càŝé … A’ŝ Rî î é Wô”: Té Côàŝé ô é Mîé Aéŝ 1 c hapter two “Té Oé Réômàîô”: Màî Lûé, Réîîôûŝ Dômà à é Cômmô Péôé 18 c hapter three “Té Wô Tûé Uŝîé Dô”: Té Cîŝîŝ ô é Séééé Céûy à é Eîŝ Réôûîô, 1640–49 30 c hapter four Té Rîŝé ô é Tî Eŝàé: Té Féç Péôé Réô 40 c hapter five Béçômî à Aéàé ô é Màçîé: Té Réôûîô î Pôûçîô 52 c hapter six Fôm é Réôûîôŝ ô 1848–49 ô é Fîŝ Péôé ’ŝ Démôçàçy: Té Pàîŝ Cômmûé 64 c hapter seven Té Rîŝé ô é Wôkî Càŝŝéŝ: Tàé Uîôŝ à Sôçîàîŝm, 1871–1914 83

a people’s h is to ry o f mo d er n euro pe

c hapter eight Pôéŝ à Mûîy Côô Màŝŝ Sàûé: Eûôéàŝ î Wô Wà I 103 c hapter nine Wà Léàŝ ô Réôûîô: Rûŝŝîà (1917), Céà Eûôé (1918–19) 115 c hapter ten Eçôômîç Côàŝé à é Rîŝé ô Fàŝçîŝm, 1920–33 127 c hapter eleven Aàîŝ Fàŝçîŝ Téô: Wà à Géôçîé, 1933–45 142 c hapter twelve A Né Eûôé? 1945–48 157 c hapter thirteen Eûôéàŝ î é Cô Wà: Bééé Môŝçô à Wàŝîô 171 c hapter fourteen Fôm é Béî Wà ô é Pàûé Sî: A Né Gééàîô ô Eûôéàŝ 183 c hapter fifteen Fîî ô Péàçé î à Aômîç Aé, 1969–89 197 c hapter sixteen Eûôé Fàŝ îô é Téy-Fîŝ Céûy 210

Notes 218 Index 261

Açkôééméŝ

Fîŝ, I mûŝ àîŝé Dàî Càŝé, my éîô à Pûô Péŝŝ, ô éàé my màûŝçî î à éé ô ŝkî, çàé, ûéŝàî à ŝôîŝîçà- îô ŝô ŝày àçkî î môŝ môé éîôŝ. Té bôôk îŝ ôy àŝ ôô àŝ î îŝ béçàûŝé ô Dàî’ŝ ééîŝé à éîçàîô. Aŝ àûôŝ ôé ôé, éé àé çôûéŝŝ éôé ô çôîbûé ô ày bôôk éé îéçy ô îîéçy. Aŝ îŝ ŝô ôé é çàŝé éé àé môé à çà bé çéîé.So, I’d like to thank everyone whom I don’t name for their contribution to the writing of this book.Kàîé Sôéék, Séçéày ô é Iŝîûé ô Wôkî Càŝŝ Hîŝôy (Cîçàô), àŝ îàûàbé î çôéçî my ôé ô Eîŝ (é àûô é û î é ôkî-çàŝŝ Eéôô îŝîç ô Cîçàô). I îŝ bôôk àŝ ŝééçéŝ à çôàî ébŝ, mûç ô é çéî ôéŝ ô Kàîé. Embààŝŝî àçûà mîŝàkéŝ éé îŝçôéé by Ià Bîçà (Lôô) à Bôîŝ Kààîŝky (Môŝçô) é éîéî à à ô é bôôk. Téŝé àé béé çôéçé bû àŝ éy ŝày “ô é îŝ ûmà, ô ôîé îîé.” I àé àîé îômàîô, àé à îŝîŝ ŝàéé, à é àôàçéŝ ŝûéŝé by çôûéŝŝ àkŝ î ééôûŝ à çômmîé çôéàûéŝ. Amô éŝé àé Oôkà Lûbà (Béî), Fàçîŝ Kî (Eàŝ Aîà), Eîç Sçûŝé (Cîçàô), Rà Hôôé (Béî), Ràqûé Vàéà (Lîŝbô), Màçé à é Lîé (Amŝéàm), Sôbàà Dàà Gûà (Iîà), Sjààk à é Véé (Amŝéàm), Màk Làûŝé (Cîçîàî), Bûô Déŝkî (Pàîŝ), Aé Fàî-Sçûz (Pôŝàm), Séé MçGîé (Pàîŝ), Rôé Jôàŝŝô (Màmô), Kàŝé BàŝkÉ (Fîà), Nômà LàPôé (Wàéŝ), Jô Bàzmà (LéHàé) à Màîô Kéŝŝé (Né Yôk/Béî). I ôé é éàéŝ éb ô Aîéé L. Bûé, my îé, ô éûé ŝéémîy ééŝŝ môŝ ô îéŝ ô àéŝ îé ûô ŝàçkŝ ô bôôkŝ. Téé àŝ à méŝŝ ééyéé î é ôûŝé. Yé, éé ôçé î ŝé éŝô ô yŝîçà îôéçé ààîŝ é ôbŝéŝŝé ûŝbà. Làŝ, à éé éàŝ, îŝ é çà, Sûîk, ô ôôk îmé ôû ô îŝ bûŝy ŝçéûé ô àŝ ô ô ôô my àéŝ à éààé ém î à màé môé ô îŝ îkî. Sôméîméŝ, é àŝ î. Néééŝŝ ô ŝày, ày mîŝàkéŝ ô àç, îééà- îô ô îmàîàîô àé ŝôéy Sûîk’ŝ àû, ô mîé.

îî

Wîîàm A. Péz

Iôûçîô

Imàîé kîŝ ûî îôû ŝûbjéçŝ, ééàŝ àî à îôû ŝôîéŝ, ô bûŝîéŝŝéôé màkî ôîŝ îôû ôkéŝ. I’ŝ à ô àké ŝéîôûŝy ày ŝûç ŝîy ŝîûàîôŝ, î? Yé, îŝôy îŝ ôé îé àŝ î ûéŝ, à éàéŝ à môéymàkéŝ àé é ôy éôé î ŝôçîéy ô, à éàŝ, é ôy éôé ô màé. Té çûé àûô îŝŝéŝ ôm îŝ îéà. I î bé àûé î îŝ bôôk à é çômmô éôé màé à à éî îŝôy màéŝ. Tà îŝ ô ŝày, é çômmôéŝ’ ôé î îŝôy îŝ à îéà, yé àçkî, à ô é ŝôy ô môé Eûôé, à àŝ ôô ôé béé àŝŝé ôé. Hîŝôy àôŝ ûŝ ô ŝéé ô ŝôçîéîéŝ ééô à çàé îé î ôîŝ ô àîôûŝ ôŝŝîbé ûûéŝ. I îŝ é ŝôy ô éôé ŝûî, ôé î àk îméŝ. Tîŝ bôôk ôîéŝ à àéàîé éàî ô Eûôéà îŝôy ŝàî î é Mîé Aéŝ. Iŝéà ô ôçûŝî ô ôy é àîîôà éméŝ à çôçéŝ à émàŝîzé é ûéŝ, îŝ îé îîŝ é îŝŝîéŝ, ébéŝ à àîçàŝ ô éé màké Eûôé à î îŝ. Môŝ bôôkŝ ôçûŝ ô à àé çôéîôà ààîé î, môé éçéy, à ŝéçîô ô ômé ô éàŝàŝ îçûé ô à îéŝîy. Té àéàé éàé îŝ î ô ôûb ôéé àŝ ô ô à à îŝ îmôà. Tà îŝ, é îç à ôéû àé ô ôy é môŝ îmôà ŝûbjéçŝ ô ŝéîôûŝ ŝûy—éy àé yîçày éonlyôîé ŝûbjéçŝ ô ŝûy. A People’s History of Modern Europeôéŝ à çôçîŝé, éààbé àéàîé ô màîŝéàm ébôôkŝ à ŝûéyŝ îé ŝûéŝî à îéé ûé- ŝàî ô é ééômé à àjéçôy ô Eûôéà îŝôy. Tà îŝ, îŝôy îŝ éŝéé àŝ môî ôû çôîçŝ bééé çôéî ôûŝ àé à àŝ é éŝû ô bîîà îŝîŝ by ûé-çàŝŝ ûéŝ à îkéŝ. Tô bé ŝûé, éé àé à ûmbé ô ŝéçîàîzé ôûméŝ à àém îŝ bû yîçày éy àé à àé îmîé ôçûŝ. Té màî ôbém îŝ à éŝé bôôkŝ ôé émàî àççéŝŝîbé ŝôéy ô é ŝçôà ô é àçàémîç, àŝ ôôŝé ô é ééà éàé ô ŝûé. Sàî î é éçày à çôàŝé ô Wéŝ Eûôéà éûàîŝm, îŝ bôôk àçéŝ î bôà ôûîé é çôîbûîôŝ màé by çômmô éôé, ébéŝ, îŝŝééŝ à ô-çôômîŝŝ. Tîŝ bôôk î îé éàé ômîéçé ô ôŝé îîîûàŝ à ééŝ à àé ôŝŝé ôé ô îôé by ôé éŝ. Fô éàmé, é éàé éé î àé à môé î-é ôôk à é ôé ô Jô Hûŝ ûî é Réômàîô à é Pàîŝ Cômmûé

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î é îééé çéûy. I àîîô ô îîî ôŝé éŝŝé kô îîîûàŝ à ééŝ, îŝ é î îî àéàîé îéôîŝ ô çômmôy ûéŝôô ééŝ. Wô Wà I ŝôîéŝ àé ŝô éjéçî é àîôîŝm ŝéà by éî ôéméŝ à à îméŝ éé kîî éî ô “ŝûéîôŝ” î éy ôû ém çûé. Aé é à, éôûîôŝ béàk ôû à éàçîô ŝîéŝ ô çûŝ ém. A é é ô é 1920ŝ, é îŝ ô éçôômîç çîŝîŝ î é çômmô éôé. Fàŝçîŝm ééôŝ, mûéŝ à ôûéŝ mîîôŝ, bû îŝ îéçéy éŝîŝé by çôûéŝŝ àéàé Eûôéàŝ. Làé, é ŝéé ŝôçîà môéméŝ çûŝé, îŝôé à ŝûbéé. Sîéŝ, çàéŝîé ôéàîôŝ, màŝŝîé bîbéy à bûà mîîày îçàôŝîŝ àé àmô ôy à é ô é àçîçŝ émôyé ô éŝéé é ŝàûŝ qûô à éàé é ûî çàŝŝéŝ’ ôé ûçàé. Yé, é çômmô éôé éû ô môémé, ôéŝ à éŝîŝàçé, ààî à yé ààî … à éŝîé ôéémî ôŝ, éy ôé î … à éàŝ àîà îçôîéŝ. I îŝ éŝé îçôîéŝ à àô ûŝ ô îé î à ô î môé îŝ à àûôômy à ôû méîéà éçûŝôŝ çôû éàm ô. Té ûîî ŝîî ô é bôôk îŝ îômé by é îé ééŝŝé î Béç’ŝ àmôûŝ “A ôké éàŝ îŝôy” qûôé béô. I ôé ôŝ, îŝ é î çôîûày éçôûàé é éàé ô àŝk “à à àbôû é çômmô éôé?” Hô î éy éà îŝ ééômé? Wà éé éî ôûŝ? Hô î éy éé? Abôé à, é éàé î bé ôé ô qûéŝîô é màîŝéàm ààîéŝ à éy àé béé àû. Oé mûŝ ûéŝà îŝôy ô é î éé bé méîôé î î, é àôé màké î. Uéŝŝ yôû àé é îéç éŝçéé ô bôô-îŝy éûà ôŝ ô à mémbé ô é ô .01 éçé, îŝ bôôk îŝ àbôû yôû éôé. Aé à, môŝ ûmàŝ àé éîé îç ô àmôûŝ, bû ôkî éôé. Téî ŝôy ééŝ ô bé ô. Té îŝ ŝé îŝ ô ŝûy ŝûéŝ à éàéŝ î ŝômé ôôŝ ŝô à îŝ îŝôy çà bé àîy éàmîé. Réàéŝŝ ô îééçûà îûéçéŝ ô ôîîçà îéôîŝ, éé émàî à ûmbé ô méôôôîçà ôbémŝ à éé bé îŝçûŝŝé î éàŝ ô é ŝûy ô îŝôy. Wà ôôŝ îŝ à ôm à çôméé îŝ, bû î îé ŝômé îéà ô é îàŝ é îŝôîà mûŝ àôî î éy àé ô àîé à çôçûŝîôŝ à mày bé éémé àî, î ô çômééy ŝçîéîîç. Aé à, îŝôy, î çà bé àûé, mày bé à ŝçîéçé bû î îŝ ô à éàç ŝçîéçé î é ŝàmé ày àŝ yŝîçŝ ô çémîŝy. Wé éôî ôbémŝ ô îŝôy, é àé ô ŝô çôçéé î é môŝ ôbîôûŝ bîàŝ îŝçûŝŝé î é méîà. Tà îŝ, îŝôy béî çôŝçîôûŝy 1 àbûŝé ô ŝéé à çôémôày éŝôà ô ôîîçà é. Nôéééŝŝ, éé àé éà ôbémŝ à àûé à ôŝé ô éûé îô à ŝûy

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