American Colonial State in the Philippines

Julian Go

Description

In 1898 the United States declared sovereignty over the Philippines, an archipelago of seven thousand islands inhabited by seven million people of various ethnicities. While it became a colonial power at the zenith of global imperialism, the United States nevertheless conceived of its rule as exceptional-an exercise in benevolence rather than in tyranny and exploitation. In this volume, Julian Go and Anne L. Foster untangle this peculiar self-fashioning and insist on the importance of studying U.S. colonial rule in the context of other imperialist ventures. A necessary expansion of critical focus, The American Colonial State in the Philippines is the first systematic attempt to examine the creation and administration of the American colonial state from comparative, global perspectives.Written by social scientists and historians, these essays investigate various aspects of American colonial government through comparison with and contextualization within colonial regimes elsewhere in the world-from British Malaysia and Dutch Indonesia to Japanese Taiwan and America's other major overseas colony, Puerto Rico. Contributors explore the program of political education in the Philippines; constructions of nationalism, race, and religion; the regulation of opium; connections to politics on the U.S. mainland; and anticolonial resistance. Tracking the complex connections, circuits, and contests across, within, and between empires that shaped America's colonial regime, The American Colonial State in the Philippines sheds new light on the complexities of American imperialism and turn-of-the-century colonialism.Contributors. Patricio N. Abinales, Donna J. Amoroso, Paul Barclay, Vince Boudreau, Anne L. Foster, Julian Go, Paul A. Kramer

Sujets

• Histoire
• USA
• Southeast Asia
• History of Asia
• Philippines
• États-Unis

Informations

• Publié par: Duke University Press
• Date de parution: 08 juillet 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780822384519
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

THE AMERICAN

COLONIAL STATE IN

THE PHILIPPINES

AMERICAN ENCOUNTERS/ GLOBAL INTERACTIONS A series edited by Gilbert M. Joseph and Emily S. Rosenberg

This series aims to stimulate critical

perspectives and fresh interpretive

frameworks for scholarship on the

history of the imposing global presence

of the United States. Its primary concerns include the deployment and contestation of power, the construction and deconstruction of cultural and political borders, the fluid meanings

of intercultural encounters, and the

complex interplay between the global

and the local. American Encounters

seeks to strengthen dialogue and

collaboration between historians of

U.S. international relations and area

studies specialists.

The series encourages scholarship

based on multiarchival historical

research. At the same time, it supports a

recognition of the representational

character of all stories about the past

and promotes critical inquiry into issues of subjectivity and narrative. In the process, American Encounters strives to understand the context in which meanings related to nations, cultures,

and political economy are continually

produced, challenged, and reshaped.

THE AMERICAN

COLONIAL STATE IN

THE PHILIPPINES

G L O B A L P E R S P E C T I V E S

Edited by Julian Go and Anne L. Foster

d u k e u n i v e r s i t y p r e s s

d u r h a m a n d l o n d o n 2 0 0 3

∫2003 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper$

Designed by Rebecca Giménez

Typeset in Adobe Minion by

Keystone Typesetting, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-

in-Publication Data appear on the

last printed page of this book

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments vii H

JULIAN GO Introduction: Global Perspectives on the U.S. Colonial State in the Philippines 1 H

PAUL A. KRAMER Empires, Exceptions, and Anglo-Saxons: Race and Rule between the British and U.S. Empires, 1880–1910 43 H

ANNE L. FOSTER Models for Governing: Opium and Colonial Policies in Southeast Asia, 1898–1910 92 H

DONNA J. AMOROSO Inheriting the ‘‘Moro Problem’’: Muslim Authority and Colonial Rule in British Malaya and the Philippines 118 H

PATRICIO N. ABINALES Progressive–Machine Conflict in Early-Twentieth-Century U.S. Politics and Colonial-State Building in the Philippines 148 H

JULIAN GO The Chains of Empire: State Building and ‘‘Political Education’’ in Puerto Rico and the Philippines 182 H

PAUL BARCLAY ‘‘They Have for the Coast Dwellers a Traditional Hatred’’: Governing Igorots in Northern Luzon and Central Taiwan, 1895–1915 217 H

VINCE BOUDREAU Methods of Domination and Modes of Resistance: The U.S. Colonial State and Philippine Mobilization in Comparative Perspective 256 H

Contributors 291 H

Index 293 H

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book has a long, rich history, and so we, the editors, have benefited from much assistance, guidance, and encouragement along the way. The project had its genesis in a lively panel at the Association for Asian Studies’ annual meeting in Chicago in 1997, organized and chaired by Patricio N. Abinales, with papers by Chiharu Takenaka, Donna Amoroso, Anne Foster, and Julian Go. Glenn A. May provided insightful and encouraging comments at that early stage. Patricio Abinales prompted some of the panelists to think about publication, and assisted in recruit- ing additional authors. We are grateful to him for his continued intellec- tual involvement, questions, and challenges, which have sharpened our arguments and broadened our conception of this project. Walter LaFeber also has been a constant source of encouragement and assistance. He read all the essays at an early stage and had helpful suggestions for the editors. We thank Emily Rosenberg for her enthusiasm about the project from its earliest conceptions to its final product. Perhaps our most heartfelt thank yous should go to Valerie Milhol- land and Miriam Angress at Duke University Press, who have patiently guided us through the process and continue to provide wonderful sup- port. The anonymous reviewers for Duke University Press were all that authors could hope, in that they read carefully and sympathetically but helped all the authors see ways to improve their essays. Julian Go especially thanks the Harvard University Academy of Inter- national and Area Studies and the Department of Sociology at the Uni- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for assistance in the final stages of the project. He also thanks Emily Barman for her consistent encour- agement and toleration. Anne Foster thanks her colleagues in the De- partment of History at Saint Anselm College for their willingness to listen and encourage and Linda Bradley and Deanna Rossetti of Saint Anselm College for their invaluable assistance with manuscript prepara-

tion. Walter LaFeber, Frank Costigliola, and Bill Walker have been will- ing listeners and readers for Anne over many years, for which she thanks them. The International A√airs Research Center at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics, Saint Anselm College, provided financial support and release time from teaching for Anne Foster’s work on this project, for which she is grateful. She also thanks Naomi and Geo√rey Brown, whose support makes it all possible.

viii

A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S

JULIAN GO

Introduction: Global Perspectives on

the U.S. Colonial State in the Philippines

A new government is being created from the ground up, piece being added to piece as the days and weeks go by. It is an interesting phenomenon, this thing of building a modern commonwealth on a foundation of medievalism—the giving to this country at one fell swoop all the innovations and discoveries which have marked centuries of Anglo-Saxon push and energy. I doubt if in the world’s history anything similar has been attempted; that is, the transplanting so rapidly of the ideas and improvements of one civilization upon another. The whole fabric is being made over.—Daniel Williams, Secretary of the Philippine Commission, 1 October 1901

It should not be surprising that Daniel Williams begins this journal entry by referencing the task of building ‘‘a new government . . . from the ∞ ground up.’’ Just a few years earlier, the United States had o≈cially purchased the Philippines from Spain and had accordingly declared ≤ sovereignty over the islands. At the time of Williams’s journal entry, the U.S. government had to make its declaration real and palpable on the ground. It had to create a political apparatus by which it could maintain its proclaimed power over the inhabitants and territory of the Philippine archipelago. Williams and his colleagues of the Philippine Commission had been sent to the Philippines to do just that. Agents of an emerging overseas colonial empire, they had been sent to construct and maintain a colonial state: a ‘‘new government,’’ indeed. It should not be surprising, either, that in referring to the process of colonial state-building Williams doubts that ‘‘anything similar has been attempted.’’ This doubtfulness scripts U.S. colonial rule as unique and particular, something special. Williams thus articulates a paradigm that was common among American imperialists of the time: the exceptional-