Gangsters, aviators, hard-boiled detectives, gunslingers, jazz and images of the American metropolis were all an inextricable part of the cultural landscape of interwar France. While the French 1930s have long been understood as profoundly anti-American, this book shows how a young, up-and-coming generation of 1930s French writers and filmmakers approached American culture with admiration as well as criticism. For some, the imaginary America that circulated through Hollywood films, newspaper reports, radio programming and translated fiction represented the society of the future, while for others it embodied a dire threat to French identity. This book brings an innovative transatlantic perspective to 1930s French culture, focusing on several of the most famous figures from the 1930s – including Marcel Carné, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, Julien Duvivier, André Malraux, Jean Renoir and Jean-Paul Sartre – to track the ways in which they sought to reinterpret the political and social dimensions of modernism for mass audiences via an imaginary America. Introduction Chapter 1: Mass Culture and Leftist Politics in Jean Renoir Chapter 2: The American Gangster in French Poetic Realism Chapter 3: The Rise and Fall of the Gangster in André Malraux’s Revolutionary Novels Chapter 4: White Primitivism in Pierre Drieu la Rochelle Chapter 5: Whitewashing the Transatlantic in Louis-Ferdinand Céline Chapter 6: The Americanist Anti-Americanism of Jean-Paul Sartre’s Les Chemins de la liberté Conclusion
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FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES
Amerîcanîsm, Medîa and the Poîtîcs of Cuture în 1930s France
Series Editors
Hanna Dîamond (Unîversîty of Bath) Caîre Gorrara (Cardîff Unîversîty)
Editorial Board
Ronan e Coadîc (Unîversîté Rennes 2) Coîn Davîs (Roya Hooway, Unîversîty of London) Dîdîer Francfort (Unîversîté Nancy 2) Sharîf Gemîe (Unîversîty of South Waes) H. R. Kedward (Sussex Unîversîty) Margaret Majumdar (Unîversîty of Portsmouth) Nîchoas Parsons (Cardîff Unîversîty) Max Sîverman (Unîversîty of Leeds)
Also in Series Amaeena Damé and Gî Rye (eds),Women’s Wrîtîng în Twenty-Fîrst-Century France: Lîfe as Lîterature(2013) Fîona Barcay (ed.),France’s Coonîa Legacîes: Memory, Identîty and Narratîve(2013) Jonathan Ervîne,Cînema and the Repubîc: Fîmîng on the margîns în contemporary France(2013) Kate Grîfiths and Andrew Watts,Adaptîng Nîneteenth-Century France: Lîterature în Fîm, Theatre, Teevîsîon, Radîo and Prînt(2013) Cerî Morgan,Mîndscapes of Montréa: Québec’s urban nove, 1950–2005(2012)
FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES
Amerîcanîsm, Medîa and the Poîtîcs of Cuture în 1930s France
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ISBN eISBN
978-1-78316-8507 978-1-78316-8514
The rîght of Davîd A. Pettersen to be îdentîied as author of thîs work has been asserted în accordance wîth sectîons 77, 78 and 79 of the Copyrîght, Desîgns and Patents Act 1988.
Typeset by Mark Hesîngton, Scarborough, North Yorkshîre Prînted by CPI Antony Rowe, Chîppenham, Wîtshîre
for Stacey
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Contents
Acknowedgements xî Lîst of îustratîons xv Notes to the Reader xvîî Introductîon 1 Chapter 1: Mass Cuture and Leftîst Poîtîcs în Jean Renoîr 26 Chapter 2: The Amerîcan Gangster în French Poetîc Reaîsm 62 Chapter 3: The Rîse and Fa of the Gangster în André Maraux’s Revoutîonary Noves 109 Chapter 4: Whîte Prîmîtîvîsm în Pîerre Drîeu a Rochee 141 Chapter 5: Whîtewashîng the Transatantîc în Louîs-Ferdînand Céîne 174
Chapter 6:
Concusîon Notes Bîbîography Index
The Amerîcanîst Antî-Amerîcanîsm of Jean-Pau Sartre’sLes Chemîns de a îberté