Ancient Civilizations: Egyptians!

Van Vleet Carmella

Description

A full-color book that explores the world of ancient Egypt through hands-on STEAM projects, fascinating facts about everyone from gods to ordinary people, and essential questions that get kids ages 7 to 10 thinking critically about what we can learn from artifacts.Did the ancient Egyptians have pets? Why were the kings of ancient Egypt buried in pyramids? What did kids do for fun in ancient Egypt? Ancient Civilizations: Egyptians! With 25 Social Studies Projects for Kids takes readers on a journey through the land of the Nile, making stops to study the pyramids, learn about the kings and queens who ruled this land-including the famed King Tutankhamun-discover what ordinary people ate, played, and wore for clothing, and learn about the different jobs people performed. Fascinating links between today's world and ancient Egyptian culture offer opportunities for real-world connections while fun STEAM activities promote critical and creative thinking. This book brings daily life from thousands of years ago into today's reality through fun illustrations, fascinating facts, essential questions, and hands-on projects such as constructing model bridges and pyramids, planting floating gardens, and translating hieroglyphics. Explores the sites of ancient architectural wonders such as the pyramids of Giza, the Temple of Amun-Ra, the Temple of Hatshepsut, and the Great Sphynx. Introduces key people associated with ancient Egypt, including King Tutankhamen, King Rameses II, and Queen Cleopatra. About the Explore Ancient Civilizations set and Nomad PressAncient Civilizations: Egyptians! is part of a set of four Explore Ancient Civilization books that bring to life the vibrant cultures of the distant past. The other titles in this series are Ancient Civilizations: Aztecs, Maya, Incas!; Ancient Civilizations: Romans!, and Ancient Civilizations: Greeks!.Nomad Press books in the Explore Your World series integrate content with participation, encouraging readers to engage in student-directed learning. Combining content with inquiry-based projects stimulates learning and makes it active and alive. Nomad's unique approach simultaneously grounds kids in factual knowledge while allowing them the space to be curious, creative, and critical thinkers.All books are leveled for Guided Reading level and Lexile and align with Common Core State Standards and National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies. All titles are available in paperback, hardcover, and ebook formats.

Sujets

• Ancient World
• Histoire
• Ancient history
• Middle East

Informations

• Publié par: Nomad Press
• Date de parution: 06 novembre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781619308367
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

Titles in the Explore Ancient Civilizations Set

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Printed in the United States.
CONTENTS
Timeline

Introduction Let’s Explore Ancient Egypt!

Chapter 1 Egyptian Homes

Chapter 2 Beer, Bread, and Bartering
Chapter 3 Playtime
Chapter 4 Amulets, Clothes, and Makeup
Chapter 5 King Tut and Other Cool Kings
Chapter 6 Mummies and Pyramids
Glossary * Metric Conversions Resources * Essential Questions * Index

Interested in primary sources? Look for this icon. Use a smartphone or tablet app to scan the QR code and explore more! Photos are also primary sources because a photograph takes a picture at the moment something happens.

You can find a list of URLs on the Resources page. If the QR code doesn’t work, try searching the internet with the Keyword Prompts to find other helpful sources.
EXPLORE ANCIENT EGYPT
TIMELINE

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD, C. 3100–2686 BCE:
* Upper and Lower Egypt are united.
* Hieroglyphics are developed.
* Towns and villages are built.

OLD KINGDOM, C. 2686–2181 BCE:
* Pharaohs are in power and build many pyramids.
* The inundation (yearly flooding) of the Nile helps ancient Egyptians grow crops.
* King Khufu builds the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx.

FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, C. 2181–2055 BCE:
* Pharaohs lose their power and Egypt splits back into two countries.

MIDDLE KINGDOM, C. 2055–1650 BCE:
* Upper and Lower Egypt are reunited.
* Pharaohs regain their power.
* The pharaohs build their last pyramids.

SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, C. 1650–1550 BCE:
* Outsiders from Palestine gradually move into northeastern Egypt, adopt to Egyptian culture, and take power.

NEW KINGDOM, C. 1550–1069 BCE:
* The ancient Egyptians have their greatest period of peace and development.
* The first pharaohs are buried in the Valley of the Kings.
* Hatshepsut becomes the first female pharaoh.
* King Tut becomes the “Boy King.”

THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, C. 1069–644 BCE:
* Egypt grows weaker and is eventually invaded by the Assyrians, from Mesopotamia (the country we now call Iraq).

LATE PERIOD, C. 644–332 BCE:
* The Persians, from the Near East (the countries we now call Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel), conquer Egypt.
* Demotic script is developed.

GREEK AND ROMAN EGYPT, C. 332 BCE–639 CE:
* Alexander the Great (from Greece) conquers Egypt. The Greeks begin to rule Egypt, bringing Greek culture and language to the area.
* Cleopatra, the last Greek pharaoh, dies.
* Augustus, the emperor of the Roman Empire, conquers Egypt.
* The Romans rule Egypt for more than 600 years.
* The Rosetta Stone is carved.

Many of the words and names in this book are hard to say, but you can hear them spoken online. Go to Merriam-Webster.com , search for the word, and press the symbol next to your word to hear it spoken.

MERRIAM-WEBSTER

INTRODUCTION
LET’S EXPLORE ANCIENT EGYPT!
You’ve probably played in sand, gone swimming, or traveled by boat. Chances are you’ve also played a board game or helped around the house. Maybe you’ve taken care of a pet or slept outdoors. Kids who lived in ancient Egypt did these things, too!
Ancient Egypt was a civilization that thrived for 3,000 years, beginning about 5,000 years ago. Even though it was probably different in nearly every way from how you live now, people did many of the same things. By looking back at how ancient Egyptians learned, played, worked, and dressed, we can learn more about past cultures .
WORDS TO KNOW

ancient: from an early time in history.
civilization: a community of people that is advanced in art, science, and government.
culture: the beliefs and way of life of a group of people.
WORDS TO KNOW

Sahara Desert: the largest, hottest desert in the world.
desert: a landscape that gets very little rain.
preserve: to store something in a way that protects it from rotting.
When you learn about ancient cultures, you can see how they are part of our lives today.

DID YOU KNOW?
King Tut is called the “Boy King” because he was just nine years old when he took over Egypt’s throne.
WHERE IN THE WORLD?
Ancient Egypt was in the northeastern part of Africa, where modern Egypt is today. It was in the Sahara Desert , the biggest and hottest desert in the world. Ancient Egypt’s daytime temperatures rose to more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). The heat and the sand made life tough for the ancient Egyptians. They had to be careful about sunburn, and sand got into everything. It even got into the bread they baked, which caused their teeth to wear down.

But the desert also had its advantages. For example, it protected ancient Egyptians from enemies. Invaders did not want to cross the hot, sandy land. Thanks to the desert, we know a lot about ancient Egypt. Why? The desert sand preserved a lot of ancient Egyptian buildings and many of the things ancient people used.
WORDS TO KNOW

artifact: an object made by people from past cultures, including tools, pottery, and jewelry.
Egyptologist: someone who studies ancient Egypt.
Nile River: a river in Egypt. It is the longest river in the world and was an important part of ancient Egyptian life.
Since these artifacts are still around, we can learn about ancient Egypt from them. People called Egyptologists study buildings, language, art, and everyday objects from ancient Egyptian times.
Ancient Egypt was divided into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Look at a map of ancient Egypt below. What do you notice? You might say, “Hey, it’s upside down!” That’s because Upper Egypt is below Lower Egypt on the map. There is a simple reason for this. It has to do with the Nile River .

THE NILE RIVER
The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s more than 4,200 miles long and runs right through the Sahara Desert. It was very important to the ancient Egyptians.
One of the interesting things about the Nile is that it runs south to north. Most rivers run north to south. The land downstream, in the north, was Lower Egypt. Because the other area, in the south, was upstream, it was called Upper Egypt.
WORDS TO KNOW

inundation: another word for flooding.
silt: good farming soil left on the land after a river floods.
minerals: nutrients found in rocks and soil that keep plants and animals healthy and growing.
fertile: land that is good for growing crops.
crop: a plant grown for food and other uses.
Another interesting thing about the Nile is that, in ancient times, it used to flood every year. This flooding, called the inundation , was the key to life in ancient Egypt. The floodwaters left behind silt , which added minerals to the soil and made it rich and fertile . The ancient Egyptians planted their crops in this soil.
Besides water and good soil for farmland, the Nile gave ancient Egyptians fish. It also gave them a way to travel. Ancient Egyptians were great boat builders. Poor people made small boats to use for fishing. These boats were made out of reeds, which were the tall grasses that grew on the banks of the Nile. They were called—what else?—reed boats!

THIS PHOTOGRAPH FROM THE 1890s SHOWS THE FLOODING OF THE NILE RIVER.
CREDIT: RETRIEVED FROM LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
WORDS TO KNOW

pyramid: a large stone structure with a square base and triangular sides.
temple: a building in which people worship gods and practice their religion.
Kemet: “Black land,” or the ancient land area near the banks of the Nile.
Deshret: “Red land,” or the desert land areas in ancient Egypt.
papyriform boat: an ancient Egyptian wooden boat that was curved up at the ends.
Rich people had bigger boats made out of wood. They used these boats to travel up and down the Nile in style. Workers used even bigger boats, called barges, to move things—such as the rocks used to build pyramids and temples .
Ancient Egypt had two types of land areas. These two areas had colorful names. Ancient Egyptians called the land near the banks of the Nile Kemet , which meant “black land.” This is because silt made the soil black. The ancient Egyptians called the desert Deshret , which meant “red land.”

ROYAL SHIPS
Most of the small boats in ancient Egypt were made of reeds. To build bigger boats, the Egyptians had to get wood from different parts of the world. Not many trees grow in the desert!
Wooden boats were often curved up at the ends, just like the reed boats. These fancy boats were called papyriform boats .

DID YOU KNOW?
Nile green is a color. It’s a pale, yellowish-green.
WORDS TO KNOW

pharaoh: an ancient Egyptian king.
tomb: a room or place where a dead person is buried.
archaeologist: a scientist who studies ancient civilizations by looking at the artifacts and buildings they left behind.
afterlife: the ancient Egyptian belief in life after death.
Papyriform boats were sometimes used as funeral boats to carry the pharaoh to his tomb . One of the most famous papyriform boats is the Royal Ship of Khufu , an Egyptian king buried in the Great Pyramid.
In 1954, an Egyptian archaeologist named Kamal el-Mallakh (1918–1987) found the Royal Ship of Khufu buried near the Great Pyramid. The ship is 150 feet long and was in 1,200 pieces! Archaeologists had to put it together like one big puzzle.
Today, the Royal Ship of Khufu is kept inside a special museum that was built right over th