Contesting Antiquity in Egypt

Donald Malcolm Reid

Description

- This compelling follow up to "Whose Pharaohs?" covers the history of archaeologies and museums in Egypt following its independence from Britain.
- Examines how "pharaonism" -- popular interest in ancient Egypt -- helped shape Egypt's nationalist aspirations in comparison to Islam and Arabism.
- The first to combine Greco-Roman, Coptic, and Islamic archaeologies with the more dominant ancient Egyptian in a single study.

Sujets

• Islam
• Howard Carter
• 1922
• George Herbert (Lord Carnarvon)
• Conservation
• History
• Ancient
• Art
• Classical
• Ancient Egypt
• Middle East
• North Africa
• Social sciences
• Tutankhamun
• Ancient history
• Tomb
• Egyptology
• Abu Simbel temples
• Earl of Carnarvon
• History of the Middle East
• Eye of Horus
• Preservation
• Antiquities
• MENA
• Valley of the Kings
• Egypt
• Archaeology
• Egipto
• Tutankamon
• George Herbert de Carnarvon
• Abu simbel
• Histoire
• Middle Eastern
• Social Science

Informations

• Publié par: The American University in Cairo Press
• Date de parution: 03 septembre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781617979569
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

“An important work for Egyptologists all around the world . . . it stands out as a major contribution to the history of Egyptology in a wider, political context.”—Dan Deac, Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology
“Professor Donald Malcolm Reid is one of the most prolific scholars in the field of modern Egyptian history. This work fills in a major lacuna, the role of Egyptians in archaeology and the museum world during the first half of the 20th century.” — Jere Bacharach, University of Washington
"Reid leaves no stone unturned, revealing stories of intrigue, cooperation, and contestation, setting them assiduously into the context of Egyptian political history. The history of archeology becomes, in his masterful telling, one of multiple pasts and manifold identities.” — Beth Baron, CUNY
“A very important contribution to the development of, and changes in, the perception of our national culture as viewed by the West and how this vision affected Egyptians and Egyptian archeology . . . promises to be as important in its field as Whose Pharaohs? has been.” — Fayza Haikal, The American University in Cairo
“ Contesting Antiquity in Egypt would be of interest to scholars across humanistic disciplines. It will act as a valuable reference to those studying symbols of national ideology as well as ones scavenging for minute bibliographical information on a great many twentieth-century Egyptian cultural movers.”— Arab Studies Quarterly
“A valuable piece of scholarship: not only in terms of the history of archaeology and museums in Egypt, but also concerning how we think about the making of the past in formerly colonized countries.”—William Carruthers, Public Archaeology
“Highly recommended. . . . Of particular importance is Reid’s emphasis on Egyptian scholars who pioneered the study of the above fields and the role they played in wresting control of Egyptology from earlier French, British, German, and US colonial dominance. Of equal interest is the constant tension and rivalry between French and British archaeologists for control of Egyptology and their role in subordinating indigenous scholarship. Intrigues to control the news related to the discovery of Tutankhamen, controversies regarding the division of archaeological remains, and personal hostilities between famed archaeologists all make for an interesting read.”— Choice
“Reid, who always has a good eye for an anecdote, shows how impossible it is to separate culture from the imperial machinations and rivalries of the time. . . . The really important thing about Reid’s new book is that he brings the often neglected contributions of Egyptian scholars into this narrative.”—Raphael Cormack, Apollo
“A fascinating history of historians.”— AramcoWorld

This electronic edition published in 2019 The American University in Cairo Press 113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt 200 Park Ave., Suite 1700 New York, NY 10166 www.aucpress.com

Copyright © 2015, 2019 by Donald Malcolm Reid

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 978-977-416-938-0 eISBN 978-161-797-956-9

Version 1
For my Grandchildren: Juliette, Malcolm, and Ben
and
For the Grandchildren of Egypt
CONTENTS
Map of Egypt
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Note on Transliteration, Translation, and Dates
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part One: Egyptology and Pharaonism to 1930
1. Egyptology and Pharaonism in Egypt before Tutankhamun
2. Nationalizing Tutankhamun
3. Western Egyptology in Egypt in the Wake of Tutankhamun, 1922–1930
4. Egyptian Egyptology and Pharaonism in the Wake of Tutankhamun, 1922–1930
Part Two: Tourism and Islamic, Coptic, and Greco–Roman Archaeologies
5. Consuming Antiquity: Western Tourism between Two Revolutions, 1919–1952
6. In the Shadow of Egyptology: Islamic Art and Archaeology to 1952
7. Copts and Archaeology: Sons of Saint Mark / Sons of the Pharaohs
8. Alexandria, Egypt, and the Greco–Roman Heritage
Part Three: Egyptology and Pharaonism to Nasser’s Revolution
9. Contesting Egyptology in the 1930s
10. Pharaonism and Its Challengers in the 1930s and 1940s
11. Egyptology in the Twilight of Empire and Monarchy, 1939–1952
12. Conclusion

Notes
Bibliography
Map of Egypt. Donald Malcolm Reid, Whose Pharaohs? (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002, and Cairo: AUC Press, 2003), xvii. Adapted with permission of the University of California Press.
FIGURES
1 The Egyptian Museum (Museum of Egyptian Antiquities), Cairo.
2 The Greco–Roman Museum, Alexandria.
3 The Museum of Arab Art, Cairo.
4 The Coptic Museum, Cairo.
5 Imperial Latin. Dedicatory inscription, Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
6 Imperial Latin. European founders of Egyptology. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
7 A colonial vision of Egypt’s heritage: Lord Kitchener’s postage stamps of 1914.
8 Auguste Mariette’s sarcophagus and statue, garden of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
9 The first “German House” at Qurna.
10 Civilization from Egyptian dawn to American climax: Section of Edwin Blashfield’s Evolution of Civilization in the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
11 Dig house of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Qurna, 1912.
12 Ahmad Kamal and the coffin of Queen Ahmose Nefertari.
13 Mustafa Kamil draws strength from the Sphinx, by Leopold Savine, 1910.
14 Pyramids, palms, and a Nile village on the cover of Fatat al-Nil , 1913.
15 Saad Zaghlul calls for patience while he frees Egypt from the British lion, poster, ca. 1919–1920.
16 Nahdat Misr (The Revival of Egypt) , by Muhammad Nagi.
17 Nahdat Misr (The Revival of Egypt), by Mahmoud Mukhtar.
18 “Mother Egypt,” sitting on a sphinx, nurses Bank Misr, cartoon, 1920.
19 Tutankhamun fifty years on: British and Egyptian stamps, 1972.
20 Overlooking Saleh Bey Hamdi: The dissection of the mummy of Tutankhamun.
21 King Fuad lays claim to Tutankhamun.
22 Nefertiti stays in Berlin: Cartoon and newspaper clipping.
23 Breasted’s empires: Map of Oriental Institute field expeditions, ca. 1931, and of the Achaemenid empire from Breasted’s Ancient Times.
24 Edwin Blashfield, Evolution of Civilization , Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
25 Imperial archaeology: The Oriental Institute’s Chicago House, Luxor.
26 Ancient Egypt’s gift of writing to modern Western man: Relief at the entrance to the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago.
27 Dazzling an Oriental monarch? Imagining inauguration day for the new Rockefeller/Breasted museum proposed for Cairo in 1926.
28 The first class of Egyptian University Egyptology students, 1926.
29 King Fuad’s philatetic pharaonism: Postage stamps, 1923–1931.
30 Egyptian numismatic iconography: From Ottoman Arabic calligraphy to royal portraits
31 Pharaonism for the Wafd: Prime Minister Saad Zaghlul on the cover of Kilyubatra (Cleopatra) magazine, 1924.
32 Cartoon showing Mahmoud Mukhtar’s dismay at political obstruction of his sculpture Nahdat Misr.
33 Pharaonic-style mausoleum, Cairo cemetery of Sayyida Nafisa.
34 Pharonic cover of al-Hilal magazine, 1924.
35 Thomas Cook & Son’s Nile Flotilla.
36 The Edwardian “golden age of travel”: Winter Palace Hotel, Luxor.
37 Twin pillars of the golden age of travel: Cook’s steamer “Thebes” beneath the Cataract Hotel, Aswan.
38 From dragoman to effendi: Two portraits of Mohamed Aboudi.
39 Flexible marketing: Mohamed Aboudi’s “English Photo Stores” (Luxor) and “Oriental Store” (Cairo).
40 Hassan Fathy on the roof of his Cairo house.
41 Hathor blesses Hassan Fathy’s plans for New Qurna.
42 Alexandre Stoppelaëre house and Antiquities Service office, Qurna.
43 Balancing off the pharaonic: Islamic Hospital/Madrasa/Mausoleumof Sultan al-Mansour Qalawun on the reverse of the Tutankhamunone-pound banknote, 1930.
44 Ali Bahgat, pioneer of Islamic archaeology.
45 Murqus Simaika welcomes King Fuad to the Coptic Museum, 1920.
46 Crown Prince Faruq and his sisters with Marqus Simaika at the Coptic Museum, ca. 1935.
47 Sons of the Pharaohs? Medical doctor Georgy Sobhy juxtaposes one of his patients and a statue of Akhenaten.
48 Mirrit Boutros Ghali, founder of the Société d’archéologie copte.
49 A new Rosetta Stone? Trilingual dedicatory plaque at the Coptic Museum.
50 Director of the Coptic Museum Togo Mina and Jean Doresse examine a leaf from one of the Nag Hammadi codices.
51 The ankh—hieroglyphic symbol of life—as Christian cross on building of the Coptic Catholic Archbishopric, Luxor.
52 The School of Alexandria , by Muhammad Nagi, 1952.
53 Classicizing frontispiece of the Description de l’Égypte, 1809.
54 Mingling the Nile and the Tiber: Classicizing medal commemorating King Fuad’s visit to Italy in 1927.
55 Alexander Fantasies: Alexander’s portrait juxtaposed on that of King Faruq in a medal commemorating the founding of Faruq I (Alexandria) University, 1942.
56 Indian Summer of Classicism: The Alexandria Municipal Stadium and an ancient Roman statue personifying the Nile.
57 Second-generation Egyptologists Selim Hassan and Sami Gabra.
58 Old enemies meet: Junker vs. Borchardt, Reisner vs. Breasted.
59 Sami Gabra shows King Faruq the ruins of Hermopolis West (Tuna al-Ge