Crusader Landscapes in the Medieval Levant

Description

Written to celebrate the prestigious career of Professor Denys Pringle, this collection of articles produced by many of the leading archaeologists and historians in the field of crusades studies offers a compilation of pioneering scholarship on recent studies on the Latin East. The geographical breadth of topics discussed in each chapter reflects both Pringle’s international collaborations and research interests, and the wide development of scholarly interest in the subject. With a concentration on the areas corresponding to the crusader states during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the articles also offer research into the neighbouring areas of Cyprus, Anatolia, Greece and the West, and the legacy of the crusader period there, with results from recent archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East.

Sujets

• Medieval
• Histoire
• History
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 20 août 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783169269
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

CRUSADER
LANDSCAPES
IN THE MEDIEVAL LEVANT
CRUSADER
LANDSCAPES
IN THE MEDIEVAL LEVANT
THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF THE LATIN EAST
Edited by Micaela Sinibaldi, Kevin J. Lewis, Balázs Major and Jennifer A. Thompson
Editorial Consultant Peter W. Edbury
© The Contributors, 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library CIP Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78316-924-5
eISBN 978-1-78316-926-9
The right of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This publication was made possible through a publication grant by the Scoulodi Foundation in association with the Institute of Historical Research, by a Barakat Trust Publication Grant, and by grants awarded by the Council for British Research in the Levant (British Academy), the Robert Kiln Charitable Trust and the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust.
Designed by Chris Bell, cbdesign
Cover image: Khirbat ʿIqbala, Dair al-Banat (Crusader Aqua Bella ), possibly an infirmary of the Order of Saint John ( c .1140–60), near Jerusalem. Photograph by Micaela Sinibaldi.
CONTENTS

Acknowledgements
Introduction
List of Figures
List of Tables
Note on Transcriptions
Notes on Contributors
I. LANDSCAPE AND HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT
1. B ENJAMIN Z. K EDAR
Jerusalem’s Two Montes Gaudii
2. A DRIAN J. B OAS
The Streets of Frankish Acre
3. R ABEI G. K HAMISY
The Mount Tabor Territory under Frankish Control
4. H ERVÉ B ARBÉ
Safed Castle and Its Territory: Frankish Settlement and Colonisation in Eastern Upper Galilee During the Crusader Period
5. M ICAELA S INIBALDI
Settlement in the Petra Region During the Crusader Period: A Summary of the Historical and Archaeological Evidence
6. K EVIN J AMES L EWIS
Shifting Borders in the Latin East: The Case of the County of Tripoli
7. B ALÁZS M AJOR
Where Was the Town of Valenia located in the Thirteenth Century?
8. A NTHONY L UTTRELL
The Developments of Rhodes Town After 1306
II. WARFARE AND FORTIFICATIONS
9. J OHN F RANCE
Egypt, the Jazira and Jerusalem: Middle-Eastern Tensions and the Latin States in the Twelfth Century
10. S USAN B. E DGINGTON
Espionage and Counter-Espionage: An Episode in the Reign of Baldwin I of Jerusalem
11. F RANK R. T ROMBLEY
Three Sieges of Nikaia in Bithynia (A.D. 727, 1097 and 1331): An Archaelogical Perspective
12. A NDREW P ETERSEN
Medieval Towers in Syria and Palestine
13. J EAN M ESQUI
The Use of Posterns in the Frankish Fortifications of the Middle East
14. C RISTINA T ONGHINI
An Ayyubid Square-planned Tower at the Citadel of Damascus: Tower 8
15. J AMES P ETRE
Commonality in Crusader Castle Construction in Armenian Cilicia and Cyprus: The case for Kantara and the Catalyst of Korykos
III. ECONOMY, ARTS AND SOCIETY
16. D AVID J ACOBY
Frankish Beirut: A Minor Economic Centre
17. N ICHOLAS C OUREAS
Commercial Relations Between Lusignan Cyprus and the Kingdom of Naples in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries
18. V ARDIT S HOTTEN -H ALLEL AND R OBERT K OOL
What Does It Take and Exactly How Much? Building a Church in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Twelfth Century
19. R ICHARD F AWCETT
From Preceptory to Parish Church: The Church of the Knights Hospitallers at Torphichen
20. J AROSLAV F OLDA
The Berlin Virgin and Child Enthroned with Angels and the Art of Chrysography
21. J ENNIFER A. T HOMPSON
A Study of the Decorated Slab Tombstones of the Crusader Cemetery at ʿAtlīt, Israel
22. P IERS D. M ITCHELL
Paleopathology of the Crusades
23. C HRIS S CHABEL
Ab hac hora in antea: Oaths to the Roman Church in Frankish Cyprus (and Greece)
IV. NARRATIVE AND DOCUMENTARY SOURCES
24. E LENA B ELLOMO
A Neglected Source for the History of the Hospital: Master Josbert’s Letter to the Consuls and Commune of Savona (1171–7)
25. H ELEN J. N ICHOLSON
‘La Damoisele del chastel’: Women’s Role in the Defence and Functioning of Castles in Medieval Writing from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Centuries
26. P ETER W. E DBURY
Making Sense of the Annales de Terre Sainte : Thirteenth-century Vernacular Narratives from the Latin East
27. B ERNARD H AMILTON
An Anglican Account of the Holy Land in 1697: Henry Maundrell’s Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem
Bibliography
List of Publications by Denys Pringle
Notes
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I T WAS INEVITABLE THAT WE AS EDITORS would incur many and heavy debts of gratitude when producing a publication such as this, drawing together dozens of scholars from different disciplines, institutions and nations. We are grateful therefore that the contributors were always keen to work with us in order to ensure this volume could be offered as a small token of our shared admiration of Professor Denys Pringle and his work.
We also wish to thank the staff of the University of Wales Press and in particular Sarah Lewis and Siân Chapman for offering their assistance throughout the production process. We were especially pleased to discover that UWP were open to the incorporation of plentiful illustrations in the volume – something that is key to any publication with a strong archaeological focus and yet sadly anathema to many other academic presses, university and commercial alike. We also thank Isabelle Ruben for her professional French to English translations of some of the contributions in this volume.
Touching upon costs, we were extremely fortunate to have received generous benefactions from a range of sources. These are the Council for British Research in the Levant (British Academy), the Robert Kiln Charitable Trust, the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust, the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London for a Scouloudi Historical Award, and the Barakat Trust for a publication grant. Our gratitude to these bodies is great indeed, as it is highly doubtful that the present work would have been published without their support.
A number of other individuals offered invaluable support throughout the realisation of this volume. Professor Helen Nicholson was a principal proponent of the project from the beginning, being one of the first to suggest it as a worthy undertaking, and we are thankful for her guidance. We are grateful to three further scholars who have also been supportive of the present work since its inception: Professor Hugh Kennedy of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London, Professor Jonathan Phillips of Royal Holloway, University of London, and Dr Christopher Tyerman of Hertford College, University of Oxford.
It was with deep regret that we learned of the passing of our teacher, colleague and friend Professor Frank Trombley during the production of the present volume. It is a fitting memorial to his generosity as a scholar that he continued to liaise with us through difficult circumstances so that we could include his paper here as his own tribute to Denys.
Finally, we would like to express our particular gratitude to Professor Peter Edbury, whose vast reserves of wisdom and experience helped us to avoid countless pitfalls when editing this work. Without his input the volume would have been much the poorer. Of course, all errors and faults that remain are ours alone.
Micaela Sinibaldi, Kevin J. Lewis, Balázs Major and Jennifer A. Thompson
INTRODUCTION

P ROFESSOR DENYS PRINGLE is one of the leading authorities in the study of the Latin East and has been so since the 1980s. His international renown for his contributions in this field stems from his impressive range of publications, which have established themselves as invaluable reference works and have set the standard for excellence in scholarship. Professor Pringle is perhaps best known for his publications that have offered comprehensive accounts, summaries and analyses of buildings of the crusader period in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, notably his four-volume corpus of churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and his gazetteer of secular buildings. Scholars naturally turn to these when looking for reliable and exhaustive information on the historical and material evidence for sites and structures in the kingdom, and all of this is accompanied by Pringle’s incisive interpretations that are always based upon his vast knowledge of the subject. These publications have made an important additional contribution to the field as they have revealed and mapped for the first time a vast number of structures assigned to the crusader period in the Levant, thereby expanding greatly our knowledge of the material culture of the Latin East, and going beyond the tradition of monumental archaeology studied by earlier generations of scholars. Pringle’s publications have already inspired many students and researchers by giving them a sense of the great potential for future study in this field, and are set to continue to do so for decades to come.
Professor Pringle’s major contributions to the study of the material culture of the Latin East have privileged architecture and the relationship between buildings and their respective territories. He has also done much important pioneering work on many other aspects, including the study of ceramics and their significance in understanding such central themes as the chronology of sites and trade. He has also undertaken some of the first thorough archaeological analyse