Democracy for Sale

Edward Aspinall, Ward Berenschot

Description

Democracy for Sale is an on-the-ground account of Indonesian democracy, analyzing its election campaigns and behind-the-scenes machinations. Edward Aspinall and Ward Berenschot assess the informal networks and political strategies that shape access to power and privilege in the messy political environment of contemporary Indonesia.In post-Suharto Indonesian politics the exchange of patronage for political support is commonplace. Clientelism, argue the authors, saturates the political system, and in Democracy for Sale they reveal the everyday practices of vote buying, influence peddling, manipulating government programs, and skimming money from government projects. In doing so, Aspinall and Berenschot advance three major arguments. The first argument points toward the role of religion, kinship, and other identities in Indonesian clientelism. The second explains how and why Indonesia's distinctive system of free-wheeling clientelism came into being. And the third argument addresses variation in the patterns and intensity of clientelism. Through these arguments and with comparative leverage from political practices in India and Argentina, Democracy for Sale provides compelling evidence of the importance of informal networks and relationships rather than formal parties and institutions in contemporary Indonesia.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Indonesia
• History of Asia
• Indonésie

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 15 avril 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781501732997
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

DEMOCRACY FOR SALE

DEMOCRACY FORSALE

Elections,Clientelism,and the State in Indonesia

CORNELLUNIVERSITYPRESS

EdwardAspinalland Ward Berenschot

ITHACAANDLONDON

Copyright © 2019 by Cornell University Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,thisbook,orparts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. Firstpublished2019byCornellUniversityPress

Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Names: Aspinall, Edward, author. | Berenschot, Ward, author. Title: Democracy for sale : elections, clientelism, and the state in Indonesia /  Edward Aspinall and Ward Berenschot. Description: Ithaca [New York] : Cornell University Press, 2019. | Includes  bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018045944 (print) | LCCN 2018047964 (ebook) |  ISBN 9781501732997 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501733000 (ret) |  ISBN 9781501732973 | ISBN 9781501732973 (cloth ; alk. paper) |  ISBN 9781501732980 (pbk. ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Elections—Corrupt practices—Indonesia. | Patron and  client—Indonesia. | Patronage, Political—Indonesia. | Indonesia—  Politics and government—1998 | Democracy—Indonesia. | Political  corruption—Indonesia. Classification: LCC JQ779.A4 (ebook) | LCC JQ779.A4 A76 2019 (print) |  DDC 364.1/32309598—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018045944

Contents

ListofTablesandFigures Glossary Acknowledgments

1. Indonesia’s Patronage Democracy 2. Capturing Varieties of Clientelism

Par t 1INSTITUTIONS 3. Historical Origins of Freewheeling Clientelism 4. Electoral Institutions, Political Parties, and Candidates

Par t 2NETWORKS AND RESOURCES 5. Success Teams and Vote Buying 6. Social Networks and Club Goods

Par t 3DISCRETIONARY CONTROL 7. Governance and Public Spending 8. Bureaucrats and the Power of Office

Par t 4COMPARING ACROSS INDONESIA 9. Campaign Financing, Business, and the Public Sphere 10. Explaining Variation in Indonesia’s Patronage Democracy Conclusion: Clientelism and the Search for Good Governance

Appendixes Notes References Index

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263 281 285 303

ListofTablesandFigures

Tables

0.1 Indonesia’s governmental structure 2.1 Varieties of patronage 4.1 National legislative election results for 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014  4.2 Party coalitions in 2015 districthead elections  8.1 Backgrounds of 695 candidates in 223 regional head elections, December 2015  8.2 Backgrounds of winning candidates in local government elections, December 2015 10.1 The Clientelism Perception Index 10.2 Clientelism Perception Index: Correlations 10.3 CPI: Bivariate models (WLS regression) 10.4 CPI: Multivariate models with controls (WLS regression)

Figures

 2.1 Varieties of patronage democracy: India, Indonesia, and Argentina  5.1 Estimates of incidence of vote buying  7.1 Welfare programs as political rewards  7.2 Discretionary grants and government contracts as political rewards 10.1 District CPI scores 10.2 Provincial CPI scores

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viiiLIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

10.3 CPI scores and household expenditure 10.4 Average CPI scores per province and share of industry, trade, and finance in provincial GDP

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Glossary

adatcustomary values and rules alirana “stream” or socioreligious current; in the 1950s and 1960s also a party and affiliated organizations based around such a current bansosbantuan sosialar;gsstniaocaslstsicean BPSBadan Pusat Statistik (Central Statistics Agency) bupatiregent; executive head of a rural district orkabupaten camatsubdistrict head DPRDewan Perwakilan Rakyat (People’s Representative Council), Indonesia’s national legislature DPRDDewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Regional People’s Representative Council), legislatures found at provincial and district levels ForkabiForum Komunikasi Anak Betawi (Communication Forum of the Children of the Betawi) GerindraPartai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Greater Indonesia Movement Party) GolkarGolongan Karya (Functional Group Party) HanuraPartai Hati Nurani Rakyat (People’s Conscience Party) hibahgrant money kampungvillage or urban neighborhood kyaitraditionalist Islamic scholar lurahappointed head of an urban precinct orkelurahan majelistaklimgrassroots Muslim prayer or study group MasjumiMajelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia (Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations), modernistdominated Islamic party of the 1950s Muhammadiyahmassbased modernist Muslim organization mushollaIslamic prayer hall NasDemPartai Nasional Demokrat (National Democratic Party) New OrderOrde Baru, Suharto’s authoritarian regime, 1966–1998 NGOnongovernmental organization NTT Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara) NUNahdlatul Ulama,massbased traditionalist Muslim organization PANPartai Amanat Nasional (National Mandate Party), party aligned with Muhammadiyah Partai DemokratDemocrat Party PDIPPartai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (Indonesian Democracy Party—Struggle) pilkadapemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung; direct elections of regional heads PKBPartai Kebangkitan Bangsa (National Awakening Party) PKI Partai Komunis Indonesia (Indonesian Communist Party) PKKPembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (Guidance for Family Welfare movement), renamed in postSuharto period the Family Empowerment and Welfare movement (communitylevel women’s health groups) PKSPartai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous Justice Party) PNIPartai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party) PNPMProgram Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri (National Program for Community Empowerment)

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