Europe in Black and White

Description

The essays in Europe in Black and White offer new critical perspectives on race, immigration, and identity on the Old Continent. In reconsidering the various forms of encounters with difference, such as multiculturalism and hybridity, the contributors address a number of issues, including the cartography of postcolonial Europe, its relation to the production of "difference" and "race," and national and identity politics and their dependence on linguistic practices inherited from imperial times. Featuring scholars from a wide variety of nationalities and disciplinary areas, this collection will speak to an equally wide readership.

The Culture Wars in Translation – Ella Shohat/Robert Stam

 

Nations Re-Bound: Race and Bio-Politics at E.U. and U.S. Borders – John D. Márquez

 

New Maps of Europe in Some Contemporary ‘Migrant’ Artists and Writers – Francesco Cattani

 

‘Beware Behalfies!’: Contradictory Affiliations in Salman Rushdie’s Step Across This Line – Ana Cristina Mendes

 

A Cape Verdian View of Europe: History and Geography Revised in the Writings of G. T. Didial – Ana Salgueiro Rodrigues

 

On the Periphery of the Universal and the Splendour of Eurocentrism – Inocência Mata

 

Opportunities, Politics and Subjectivity in Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon’s Non-Governmental Organizations – Susana Durão

 

Technologies of Othering: Black Masculinities in the Carceral Zones of European Whiteness – Uli Linke

 

White Resentment – The Other Side of Belonging – Vron Ware

 

Reverses of Modernity: Postcolonialism and Post-Holocaust – António Sousa Ribeiro

 

White Resentment – The Other Side of Belonging – Vron Ware

 

'For the Sun May not Mate with the Darkness': The Colonial Legacy of Rider Haggard’s African Romances – Tania Zulli

 

‘Mestizaje’, ‘mestiçagem’, ‘métissage’: Useful Concepts? – Capucine Boidin

 

Studies in Brown: Seductions and Betrayals of Hybridity in Richard Burton and Gilberto Freyre – Anna Klobucka

 

Old Empires, New Cartographies – Elena Brugioni

 

Spectacles, Lenses, and Magnifying Glasses: Critical Approaches in the Definition of the Canon of African Literatures in the Portuguese Language – Livia Apa

 

Literary Responses in Postcolonial and Post-Imperial Europe: The Literatures of Diaspora in Portugal and Britain – João Cosme

 

Voices in Shades of Grey – Phillip Rothwell

Sujets

• HISTORY
• Histoire
• Immigration law
• General officer
• Politics
• General
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: Intellect Books
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781841504452
• Langue: English

Extrait

Europe in Black and White
Europe in Black and White
Immigration, Race, and Identity in the Old Continent
Edited by Manuela Ribeiro Sanches, Fernando Clara, Jo o Ferreira Duarte and Leonor Pires Martins
First published in the UK in 2011 by Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK
First published in the USA in 2011 by Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Copyright 2011 Intellect Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Europe in black and white : interdisciplinary perspectives on immigration, race and identity in the Old Continent / [edited by Manuela Ribeiro Sanches et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-84150-357-8
1. Cultural pluralism--Europe. 2. Nationalism--Europe. 3. Postcolonialism--Europe. 4. Europe--Race relations. 5. Europe--Emigration and immigration--Social aspects. 6. Europe--Civilization. I. Sanches, Manuela Ribeiro.
HN380.Z9M84356 2010
305.80094--dc22
2010039543
Cover illustration: Francisco Vidal, Segredos em L ngua Materna , Illustrated diary, 2004. Courtesy: Galeria 111. Cover designer: Holly Rose Copy-editor: Emma Rhys Typesetting: Mac Style, Beverley, E. Yorkshire
ISBN 978-1-84150-357-8 / EISBN 978-1-84150-445-2
Printed and bound by Gutenberg Press, Malta.
Contents

Europe in Black and White
Manuela Ribeiro Sanches
PART I: The Problem with Europe
Chapter 1: The Culture Wars in Translation
Robert Stam Ella Shohat
Chapter 2: Nations Re-bound: Race and Biopolitics at EU and US Borders
John D. M rquez
Chapter 3: New Maps of Europe by Some Contemporary Migrant Artists and Writers
Francesco Cattani
Chapter 4: Beware Behalfies! Contradictory Affiliations in Salman Rushdie s Step Across This Line
Ana Cristina Mendes
Chapter 5: A Cape Verdian View of Europe: History and Geography Revised in the Writings of G. T. Didial
Ana Salgueiro Rodrigues
Chapter 6: On the Periphery of the Universal and the Splendour of Eurocentrism
Inoc ncia Mata
Chapter 7: Opportunities, Politics and Subjectivity in Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon s Non-governmental Organizations
Susana Dur o
PART II: Building Walls: Race and Difference
Chapter 8: Technologies of Othering: Black Masculinities in the Carceral Zones of European Whiteness
Uli Linke
Chapter 9: Reverses of Modernity: Postcolonialism and Post-Holocaust
Ant nio Sousa Ribeiro
Chapter 10: White Resentment - The Other Side of Belonging
Vron Ware
Chapter 11: Mestizaje , Mesti agem , M tissage : Useful Concepts?
Capucine Boidin
Chapter 12: Studies in Brown: Seductions and Betrayals of Hybridity in Richard Burton and Gilberto Freyre
Anna M. Klobucka
PART III: Language as Contact Zone or the Disavowal of Empire
Chapter 13: Old Empires, New Cartographies: Problematizing Lusophone Categorizations
Elena Brugioni
Chapter 14: Spectacles, Lenses and Magnifying Glasses: Critical Approaches in the Definition of the Canon of African Literatures in the Portuguese Language
Livia Apa
Chapter 15: Literary Responses in Postcolonial and Post-Imperial Europe: The Literatures of Diaspora in Portugal and Britain
Jo o Cosme
Chapter 16: Voices in Shades of Grey
Phillip Rothwell
Abstracts and Biographical Notes
Index
Europe in Black and White
Manuela Ribeiro Sanches

Black and White
Une n gresse qui buvait du lait
Ah ! se disait-elle, si je le pouvais
Tremper ma figure dans mon bol de lait
Je serais plus blanche que tous les anglais
Un Britannique devant son chocolat
Ah ! se disait-il, et pourquoi ne pas
Tremper ma figure dans ce machin-l
Je serais plus noir qu un noir du Qu nia
Une intellectuelle qui buvait du th
Ah ! se disait-elle, si je le pouvais
Tremper ma figure dans ma tasse de th
Je serais plus jaune que les filles du Gyang-Tse
Un Am ricain qui buvait du sang
Ah ! se disait-il, si j avais le temps
De tremper ma figure dans mon bol de sang
Je serais plus rouge qu un Mohican
(Gainsbourg 1968)
T he concept of Europe has been much discussed, both lauded and contested, with its ambiguities, contradictions and paradoxes. The present volume aims at exploring precisely these ambiguities, contradictions and paradoxes, including the various shades of grey that lie between black and white . Thus, its deliberately provocative title lends itself to diverse and polysemic readings.
These, however, can hardly include another Europe in black and white ; or, more precisely, a Europe in print or a Europe for the press , as mentioned in a web page created by the European Union (EU) to host press articles written in its multiple official languages and intended to bear witness to a continent defined as the site of an oxymoronic, unified diversity (EC 2009).
Unity connotes identity and difference, processes of inclusion and exclusion; in sum, borders - a tacit concept of Europe that ultimately defines itself against hybrid spaces. The concept of hybridity is significantly absent from Eurocratic discourses, which tend to promote an idea of diversity understood as the addition of new cultures , rather than an innovative way of thinking about and living with difference (Bhabha 1994). Meanwhile, discourses on hybridity have permeated the academe, paving the way for a hasty celebration or disapproval of the concept, although both sides rarely consider the tensions that characterize the diverse and contradictory uses to which such signifiers are subject. Moreover, the sometimes conflicting concepts of multiculturalism and hybridity do not exclude ideas of difference based upon notions of culture that insist on defining it as a homogeneous, discrete whole, ignoring exchanges and contacts that have always characterized cultural practices (Gupta Ferguson 1992).
Europe in black and white may also connote dichotomic ways of thinking, dividing and opposing by way of simplistic racial binaries, thus questioning a concept of a multicoloured Europe, another designation used to evoke multicultural diversity. To what extent does a concept of Europe composed of multiple distinct cultures, nations, regions and ethnic minorities in fact challenge processes of exclusion and hierarchies that have characterized national and transnational histories?
By the latter, we understand not only recent processes of mobility within a unified Europe and their connections to globalization tendencies in the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall, but also the uneven consequences of Europe s colonial histories. Immigration to many European countries still follows patterns set by former colonial and imperial connections and interdependencies. More recent immigration, such as from sub-Saharan Africa or Eastern Slavic Europe, replicates former hierarchies, in which the racializing of difference and processes of exclusion play a decisive role. One only has to consider the new fortresses and walls erected against a free and mobile European Schengen space and the refusal to grant rights to those who are retained in detention camps or captured in boats before they attain the shores of a continent that insists on defining itself as the cradle of secularism, enlightenment and human rights (Balibar 2004, Benhabib 2005, Chambers 2008). Immigration policies and controls inside the EU are increasingly reminiscent of former distinctions between the fully human and the less than human , as if the security of a civilized Europe would have always to depend on the exclusion of the barbarians within it.
This also indicates how official and academic discourses on diversity and hybridity may fail to comply with what is actually going on in Europe. For example, Muslims are constructed as fundamentalists, a process through which distinctive elements - from attire to skin colour, and, more recently, architecture - are mobilized to produce difference (Gupta Ferguson 1992). African immigrants, while not rejected on explicit racial grounds - although their phenotype is a major factor in processes of exclusion - are rendered subhuman by their illegal status (Chambers 2008), deprived as they are of the right to have rights (Arendt apud Balibar 2004: 119). New forms of apartheid emerge, alongside forms of racism or cultural fundamentalism (Stolcke 1995) that have characterized the post-cold war Europe, replicating fissures and dividing lines inherited from colonial times (Balibar 2004, Gilroy 2005). No recent forms of hybridity or multicultural diversity seem to counter the idea of the homogeneous nation - another recent European invention that equated one language, one culture, one history and one literature - that still echoes in EU discourses on a Europe of diversity, despite appeals to and the recognition of other regional or ethnic identities. Therefore, rethinking Europe also requires rethinking the nation, not by considering its obsolete character, but, rather, by taking into account its distinct, although interdependent, configurations that still replicate the connections to former imperial spaces. These still resonate in an albeit increasingly interconnected (Tomlinson 1999) globalized world, which nevertheless tends to erect new borders and forms of exclusion within and outside its borders.
Europe in black and white can, therefore, be associated to new forms of racism (Balibar 1991, Gilroy 1990), dividing once more what had already become syncretic or hybrid, thus ceding again to, or reproducing, a racialized thinking rejected by the old continent after 1945. The shaping of Europe after the Second World War was determined by the notion that the bastion of civilization had bred what since then has been considered the most odious