Evolution of Town Planning in Pakistan

Anis Ur Rahmaan

Description

The book describes the world’s oldest human settlements during the rather long and diversified sets of civilizations and cultural epochs in the regions, which are now situated within the territorial limits of Pakistan, and highlights three historical periods, namely (i) the age of neolithic settlements, (ii) the Indus Valley civilization, and (iii) the period of precolonial empires and kingdoms and against this backdrop deals with the human settlements of the colonial and postcolonial period in Pakistan.
The main motivation for writing this book has been threefold. First, to increase the awareness among the current and prospective students of town planning in particular and the planners at large, in general, about the evolutionary process of town planning in Pakistan. Second, to identify some of the shortcomings, gaps, and overlapping in the process of planning and development of towns in Pakistan. And third, to emphasize the need to undertake further research about the various facets of the subject area.
This book is a time series rather than a cross-sectional analysis of the Evolution of Town Planning in Pakistan. It attempts to highlight the various processes and geopolitical landmarks during the nine-thousand-years-long evolutionary processes of physical planning and development in the Indian subcontinent in general and those in Pakistan in particular. It traverses a long temporal and evolutionary progression of town planning processes in Pakistan. This book is a very modest effort to fill a huge gap and may even provide an incentive for the future planning historians and academicians to undertake more in-depth cross-sectional analysis of various processes comprehensively.

Sujets

• Historical Geography
• Histoire
• Pakistán
• History
• Pakistan

Informations

• Publié par: Xlibris US
• Date de parution: 16 octobre 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781524584825
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

EVOLUTION OF TOWN PLANNING IN PAKISTAN
 
With a Specific Reference to Punjab Province
 
 
 
 
ANIS UR RAHMAAN
 
Copyright © 2017 by Anis Ur Rahmaan.
 
Library of Congress Control Number:
2017913626
ISBN:
Hardcover
978-1-5434-4902-0
 
Softcover
978-1-5434-4901-3
 
eBook
978-1-5245-8482-5
 
 
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
 
Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.
Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.
 
 
 
Rev. date: 06/24/2023
 
 
 
Xlibris
844-714-8691
www.Xlibris.com
747123
CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
I. Historical Background
1. The Age of Neolithic Settlements
2. The Indus Valley / Harappan Civilization
3. Period of Precolonial Empires and Kingdoms
II. The Attributes and Composites of Planning
1. The Attributes of Planning
2. The Composites of Planning
III. The Human Ecosystem and its Development Alternatives
1. The Human Ecosystem
2. Parameters and Typologies of Developmental Determinants
3. Development Alternatives of the Human Ecosystem
4. An Inductive-Deductive Approach for the Development of Normative Alternatives
IV. Imperatives of Spatial Development
1. The Process of Development Planning
2. The Typologies of Spatial Development Planning in the Context of People’s Participation
3. Approaches and Models of Development Planning
4. The Significance of Power Structure in Development Planning
V. An Overview of Planning Legislation in Pakistan
1. The Significance of Planning Legislation
2. Municipal Acts and Ordinances
3. Punjab Town Improvement Act, 1922
4. Urban Development Authorities’ Acts
5. The Cantonment Act, 1924
6. Cooperative Societies Act, 1925
7. The Punjab Colonization of Government Lands Act, 1912 and the Punjab Colonies Manual, 1936
8. Thal Development Authority Act, 1949
9. Basic Democracies Order, 1959
10. Local Government Ordinance, 1979 (LGO 1979)
11. Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001
12. Punjab Local Government Act, 2013
13. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
VI. The Planning Institutions of Pakistan
1. The Significance of Planning Institutions
2. Coordinating and Research-Oriented Planning Institutions
3. Consulting Institutions in the Semipublic and Private Sector
4. The Institutions Engaged in Physical Development Planning in the Public and Private Sectors
5. Institutions Imparting Urban and Regional Planning Education
6. Professional Planning Institutes
VII. The Planners
1. Broad Categories of Planners in the Historical Context
2. The Desired Roles of Planners
3. Salient Typologies of Planners in Pakistan
VIII. Five-Year and Perspective Plans of Pakistan
1. National Five-Year Plans
2. The Perspective Plans
IX. National Spatial Strategy and Spatial Development Plans
1. The Significance of National Spatial Strategy and Spatial Development Plans
2. The National Spatial Strategy and Provincial Spatial Development Plans in Pakistan
3. The Master Plans for Metropolitan Cities and Towns
4. The Outline Development Plans (ODPs) for Urban Areas
X. Developments Planned for the People in Punjab
1. Socio-Spatial Backdrop
2. The Colony Towns
3. The Thal Development Authority (TDA) Towns
4. Satellite Towns
5. Area Development Schemes
6. Defence Housing and Askari Housing Societies
7. Ashiana Housing Schemes
8. Planned Developments by the Municipalities, Improvement Trusts, and Development Authorities
9. New Town of Islamabad
10. Bahria Town real-estate Developments
XI. Developments Planned with the People
1. Orangi Pilot Project
2. Khuda Ki Basti—A Housing Project for the Shelterless People
3. Housing Schemes by the Cooperative Housing Societies
4. Citizen Community Board’s (CCB) Development Schemes
XII. Developments Planned by the People
1. Third World’s Squatters’ Settlements
2. Squatting in the Western Countries
XIII. An Overview of Physical Environment in the Urban Areas of Pakistan
1. The Salient Pollutants in the Urban Areas of Pakistan
2. The Plight of Physical Environment in the Urban Areas of Pakistan
3. An Evaluative Synthesis of the Environmental Crises in Pakistan
XIV. Epilogue
1. Diversities of Cultures, Civilizations, and Political Systems
2. The Piecemeal and Inadequate Statutory Cover
3. The Institutional Crises
4. Dearth of Planners and Absence of a Planning Cadre
5. Static Plans Rather Than the Dynamic and Proactive Planning
6. Development Devoid of Environmental Impact Studies
7. Lack of Coordination between Development Agencies
8. Absence of the Follow-up and the Feedback Mechanisms
9. Desirability of Revisiting the Implemented Planned Developments
Glossary
Appendices
References
 
 
 
 
 
 
To my co-traveler in the journey of life,
Bushra Anis,
who inspired me to write this book
Preface
This book is a modest effort to fill in a gap in the existing literature about town planning in Pakistan and may even provide an incentive for the future planning historians and academicians to deal with the topic of “evolution of town planning in Pakistan” more comprehensively. It may, however, be clarified that this book does not deal with the morphological design of urban patterns or subdivision planning regulations; neither does it deal with the various components of land-use planning, such as housing, community facilities and services, and urban transportation planning. It just deals with the process and the essentials or the prerequisites of town planning in the context of the human ecosystem.
The only other publication dealing with the topic, known to the author, is Ahmad Ali’s monograph titled Historical Aspects of Town Planning in Pakistan and India. 1 The monograph briefly deals with the urban culture of the Indus Valley and town planning in the ancient Aryan era, highlights cities in the Muslim period, British influence on planning of cities, and a brief review of improvement trusts and town planning legislation in the Indian subcontinent.
The main motivation for writing this book has been threefold. The first one is to increase the awareness among the current and prospective students of town planning in particular and the planners at large, in general, about the evolutionary process of town planning in Pakistan. The second is to identify some of the shortcomings, gaps, and overlappings in the process of planning and development of towns in Pakistan. And thirdly, to emphasize the need to undertake further research about the various allied facets of the subject area.
As expected, this is a broad time-series account rather than an in-depth cross-sectional analysis of the various evolutionary processes of town planning and their manifestations in Pakistan. In its mechanics, the book has been divided into thirteen chapters. The first chapter deals with the rich historical background of human settlements during the rather long and diversified sets of civilizations and cultural epochs in the regions which are now situated within the territorial limits of Pakistan. This chapter highlights three historical periods—namely, (i) the age of Neolithic settlements, (ii) the Indus Valley civilization, and (iii) the period of precolonial empires and kingdoms. And it provides a backdrop for the human settlements of the colonial and postcolonial periods that have been dealt with in the following chapters of the book.
The second and third chapters, respectively, attempt to describe the salient attributes, composites, and the imperatives of spatial planning and development. These two chapters provide a conceptual basis for the ensuing chapters of the book. The fourth chapter deals with planning legislation, which is one of the prerequisites of the planning and development process as it provides a legal framework for the preparation and effectuation of planning and development plans. This chapter has been subdivided into nine sections that deal with the statutory provisions for town planning in various municipal and cantonment acts, urban renewal schemes of improvement trusts and development authorities in various towns and cities of Pakistan in general, and the enactments promulgated to accomplish specific planning projects, such as the colony towns in Punjab and mandi towns in the Thal Desert. It may, however, be pointed out that this chapter mainly focuses on the planning legislation in the Punjab province because of the personal familiarity of the author, who has been director of town planning for Punjab for a number of years. Besides, Punjab is also the most populous and urbanized province of Pakistan.
The fifth chapter deals with various types of academic and professional planning institutions and agencies and their hierarchies at various levels of government. Planning institutions are just as important for the continuation and effectuation of the planning process as is the p