From the Khitans to the Jurchens & Mongols

Yuan Hong

Description

A history of the steppe barbarians in triangle and quartet wars validated against the history annals and rectified by the day, month and year timelines.

From the Khitans to the Jurchens & Mongols, A History of Barbarians in Triangle Wars & Quartet Conflicts is the third book of The Scourge of God Tetralogy. This is a book with comprehensive writeup of the barbarians’ history spanning more than one thousand years, from before the anno domini eras and inclusive of the expulsion of the Mongols from China. The subtitle about the barbarians in triangle wars & quartet conflicts is self-explanatory for the historical environment of different groups of barbarians successively rising up on the steppes to overpower the former with more savagery. This third book, while carrying a title with emphasis on the Khitans, the Jurchens and Mongols, also covered the Hsiung-nu (Huns), Hsien-pi (Xianbei), Tavghach (Tuoba), Juan-juan (Ruruans), Tu-chueh (Turks), Uygurs (Huihe), Kirghiz, Tibetans, Tanguts and southern barbarians. This book, being not merely about the barbarians, chronicled, without omission, an annalistic history of China’s dynasties including the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Five Dynasties, and the two Soong dynasties, with the interwoven theme of a civilization’s good fight against barbarism. There are many unique and groundbreaking contents, such as collation of the missing one-year history of the Mongols’ Central Asia campaigns and restitution of the unheard-of Mongol campaign in North Africa. This kind of discoveries is similar to this author’s trailblazing work done in other areas of sinology like rectifying the Huns’ war with the first Han dynasty emperor to 201 B.C. and correcting one year error in the Zhou dynasty’s interregnum (841-828 B.C. per Shi-ji/840-827 per Zhang Wenyu) in the duology The Sinitic Civilization.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Kitán
• Yurchen
• Jurchen
• Khitan
• Mandchous
• History
• Khitans
• Mongol

Informations

• Publié par: iUniverse
• Date de parution: 14 novembre 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781663242587
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

FROM THE KHITANS TO THE JURCHENS & MONGOLS:
A History of Barbarians in Triangle Wars & Quartet Conflicts
Hong Yuan
Laments for the Middle Land’s Sinking
中原陸沉之殤


FROM THE KHITANS TO THE JURCHENS & MONGOLS: A HISTORY OF BARBARIANS IN TRIANGLE WARS & QUARTET CONFLICTS
 
Copyright © 2022 Hong Yuan.
 
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
 
 
 
 
 
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ISBN: 978-1-6632-4119-1 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-6632-4258-7 (e)
 
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022911225
 
 
 
iUniverse publication date: 10/18/2022
CONTENTS
Inscribed To
Epigraph
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Maps & Illustrations
Mongol Campaign against the Jurchens (Battle of Yehuling, July of A.D. 1211)
Mongol Campaigns against Semiryechye & Central Asia (A.D. 1216-1219, 1219-1224)
Mongol Campaign against Kiev Rus (A.D. 1223)
Mongol Campaign against the Jurchens (A.D. 1231-1232)
Mongol Campaigns against the Volga Bulgars, Kipchaks, Alans, Rus Principalities, Crimea, Caucasus & Kiev Rus (A.D. 1237-1240)
Mongol Campaigns against Poland, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Austria & Dalmatia (A.D. 1240-1242)
Mongol Campaign against Arsacia (Mulahida) from A.D. 1253 to A.D. 1256
Mongol Three-prong Campaign against Hezhou (Caaju) from late A.D. 1255 to early A.D. 1256
Mongol Continuous Campaigns in the Sichuan Basin (A.D.1257-1259)
Mongol Campaign against Hezhou (Caaju) & Diaoyucheng (A.D. 1257-1259)
Mongol Campaigns against the Abbasid Caliphate, Mecca, Misr (Egypt) Outposts, North Africa, and the Ayyubid & Mamluk Sultanates (A.D. 1257-1260)
Section One: The Barbarians of the Steppes
Chapter I: The Hu (Huns) & Eastern Hu Barbarians
The Huns
The Eastern Hu (Dong-hu) Barbarians: Xianbei & Wuhuan
The Duan, Murong & Yuwen Xianbei Clans, and the Tuoba Xianbei
The Khitans, Xi, Kuzhen-xi, Shi-wei & Malgal
Section Two: The Sui & Tang Dynasties
Chapter II: The Sui Dynasty (A.D. 581-618)
Unification of China by the Sui Dynasty
Sui Emperor Wendi (Yang Jian/Yang Chien, r. A.D. 581-604)
Chapter III: The Turks vs. the Sui Dynasty
Chapter IV: The Rebellion Against The Sui Dynasty
Sui Emperor Yangdi (Yang Guang, r. A.D. 604-618) & the Koguryo Invasion Debacles
The Wagang-jun Rebellion against the Sui Dynasty Rule
Chapter V: The Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907)
Tang Emperor Gaozu (Li Yuan, r. A.D. 618-626)
Tang Emperor Taizong (Li Shiming, r. A.D. 627-649)
The Turks vs. the Tang Dynasty
Tang Emperor Gaozong (Li Zhi, A.D. 628-683; r. A.D. 649-683)
Tang Emperor Zhongzong (Li Zhe, r. A.D. 683-684, 705-710)
Empress Wu Zetian & the Wu-Zhou Dynasty (A.D. 684-705)
Relations with the Barbarians during Empress Wu Zetian’s Reign
Tang Emperor Zhongzong (Li Zhe, r. A.D. 683-684, 705-710) & the Zhongzong Restoration
Tang Emperor Ruizong (Li Dan, r. A.D. 684-690, 710-712)
Tang Emperor Xuanzong (Li Longji, r. A.D. 712-756)
Tang Emperor Suzong (Li Heng, r. A.D. 756-762)
Tang Emperor Daizong (Li Yu, r. A.D. 762-779)
Tang Emperor Dezong (Li Kuo, r. A.D. 779-805)
Tang Emperor Shunzong (Li Song, r. A.D. 805-805), Xianzong (Li Chun, r. A.D. 805-820), Muzong (Li Heng, r. A.D. 820-824), Jingzong (Li Zhan, r. A.D. 824-826)
Tang Emperor Wenzong (Li Han/Li Ang, r. A.D. 827-840)
Tang Emperor Wuzong (Li Yan, r. A.D. 840-846), Xuan[1]zong (Li Chen, r. A.D. 847-859), Yizong (Li Wen/Li Cui, r. A.D. 859-873)
Tang Emperor Xizong (Li Yan/Li Xuan, r. A.D. 873-888), Emperor Zhaozong (Li Ye, r. A.D. 888-904), Emperor Aidi (Li Zuo/Li Zhu, r. A.D. 904-907)
Chapter VI: The Khitans vs. the Tang Dynasty
The Eight Khitan Tribes
The Khitans vs. the Turks & Uygurs
Khitan Chieftain Yelü Abaoji’s Rise to Power
Chapter VII: The Tibetans
Origin of the Qiangs and Tibetans
The Qiang[1] vs. the Di[1] People
The Tuyuhun Xianbei, the Tibetans & the Tanguts
The Tibetans vs. the Tuyuhun
The Tibetans vs. the Tang Chinese
Chapter VIII: The Mywa (Nanzhao/Nanchao) State (A.D. 738-902)
Chapter IX: The Shatuo Turks
Origin of the Shatuo
Shatuo Mercenaries Serving the Tang Dynasty
Shatuo Quelling the Rebellion of Pang Xun, Wang Xianzhi & Huang Chao
Chapter X: Huang Chao’s Rebellion
The Shatuo Turks Defeating the Huang Chao Rebels
Rebel Zhu Wen’s Defection to the Tang Government
Civil Wars after the Crackdown on the Huang Chao Rebellion
Tang Emperor Zhaozong’s Being Hijacked by Eunuchs & Warlords & Demise of the Tang Dynasty
Section Three: Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms
Chapter XI: Five Dynasties (A.D. 907-960)
The Posterior Liang Dynasty (A.D. 907-923)
The Posterior Tang Dynasty (A.D. 923-936)
The Khitans vs. the Posterior Tang Dynasty
The Posterior Jinn Dynasty (A.D. 936-946)
The Posterior Han Dynasty (A.D. .947-950) vs. the Khitan Liao Dynasty
The Posterior Zhou Dynasty (A.D. .951-960)
The Khitans, the Shatuo, the Tanguts vs. the Five Dynasties
Chapter XII: Ten Kingdoms (A.D. 902-979)
The Anterior Shu (Qian-shu) Kingdom (A.D. 907-925)
The Posterior Shu (Hou-shu) Kingdom (A.D. 934-965)
The Jing-nan (Nanping) State at Jiangling (A.D. 924-963)
The Chu-guo State (A.D. 907-951)
The Yang-Wu State (Yang Xingmi, Yang Wo and Yang Longyan’s King Wu-wang state, A.D. 902-927, Yang Pu’s King Wu-wang & Emperor Wu-huangdi State A.D. 920-927/927-937)
The Southern Tang (Nan-tang) State (Qi A.D. 937; Southern Tang A.D. 938-958; Jiangnan-guo A.D. 958-975)
The Wu-Yue State (A.D. 907-978)
The Min-guo State (A.D. 909-945)
The Southern Han (Nan-Han) State (A.D. 917-971)
The Northern Han (Bei-Han) State (A.D. 951-979)
Section Four: The Northern Soong Dynasty’s Triangle & Quartet Wars
Chapter XIII: The Northern Soong Dynasty (A.D. 960-1127)
Soong Emperor Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin, r. A.D. 960-976)
The Soong Dynasty vs. the Khitans & Tanguts
Soong Emperor Taizong (Zhao Jiong/Guangyi/Kuangyi, r. A.D. 976-997)
Soong Emperor Taizong’s Wars with the Khitans
Soong Emperor Zhenzong (Zhao Heng, r. A.D. 998-1022) & the Chanyuan Peace Accord with the Khitans
Soong Emperor Renzong (Zhao Zhen, r. A.D. 1023-1063)
Northern Soong’s Continuing Conflicts with the Tanguts
Soong Emperor Yingzong (Zhao Shu, r. A.D. 1063-1067)
Soong Emperor Shenzong (Zhao Xu1, r. A.D. 1067-1085)
Soong Emperor Zhezong (Zhao Xu4, r. A.D. 1085-1100)
Soong Emperor Huizong (Zhao Ji, r. A.D. 1100-1126)
Soong Emperor Qinzong (Zhao Heng, r. A.D. 1126-1127)
Chapter XIV: The Khitan Liao Dynasty (A.D. 907-947 [Qidan], 947-983 [Liao], 983-1066 [Qidan], 1066-1125 [Liao], 1124-1218 [Western Liao])
The Chanyuan Peace Accord of A.D. 1004
The Jurchens’ Rebellion against the Khitans
The Khitan Liao Dynasty’s Demise
Chapter XV: The Tangut Xia Dynasty (A.D. 1038-1227)
Origin of the Tanguts
The Tanguts vs. the Five Dynasties
The Tanguts vs. the Soong Dynasty
The Tanguts Attacking the Western Corridor Garrisons, the Tibetans & the Uygurs
Launch of the Grand Xia (Da-Bai-Gao-Xia) Dynasty
The Soong Debacle at the Battles of Sanchuankou (in A.D. 1040), Haoshuichuan (in A.D. 1041) and Dingchuanzhai (in A.D. 1042)
The Triangle & Quartet Wars Among the Khitans, Jurchens, Tibetans, Tanguts and Soong
The Triangle & Quartet Wars Among the Tanguts, Jurchens, Mongols and Soong
Section Five: The Jurchens & the Mongols
Chapter XVI: The Jurchens
The [Misnomer] Dong-yi (Eastern Yi) Barbarians: Sushen-shi, Gu-zhu, Ji-zi Chaoxian (Korea), “Mo”, “Hui”, Eastern Hu (Donghu) Barbarians (Wuhuan & Xianbei)
The Eastern Hu Barbarians & Successors: Shi-wei, Khitans, Wuji, Mohe, Bohai (Parhae) & Nüzhen (Nüzhi, i.e., the Jurchens)
Founding Father of the Jurchens
The Jurchens’ Rebellion against the Khitans
Chapter XVII: Demise of the Khitan Liao Dynasty
Yelü Dashi’s Kara-khitai (Western Khitay) Empire
The Jurchens’ Wars against the Khitans & Zu-bu (Da-da2, Tatars)
Chapter XVIII: The Mongol Attacks on the Jurchens
The Jurchens Expanding the Construction of the Great Walls on the Steppe
The Mongols’ First-Stage Campaign against the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (Battle of Yehuling, A.D. 1211)
The Mongols’ Second-Stage Campaign against the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (A.D. 1213)
Fall of the Jurchen Jin Capital City Zhongdu (A.D. 1215)
Chapter XIX: The Jurchen Jin’s Triangle & Quartet Wars
The Jurchens’ Two-Front Wars with the Tanguts & Mongols
The Jurchens Launching a Third Battlefront against Southern Soong
Southern Soong’s Taking the Shan-dong & He-bei Territory from the Mongols & Jurchens
The Jurchens’ Conferral of Nine Dukes as Feudatories against the Mongols
Southern Soon