I Die With My Country

Description

The Paraguayan War (1864–70) was the most extensive and profound interstate war ever fought in South America. It directly involved the four countries of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay and took the lives of hundreds of thousands, combatants and noncombatants alike. While the war still stirs emotions on the southern continent, until today few scholars from outside the region have taken on the daunting task of analyzing the conflict. In this compilation of ten essays, historians from Canada, the United States, Germany, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay address its many tragic complexities. Each scholar examines a particular facet of the war, including military mobilization, home-front activities, the war’s effects on political culture, war photography, draft resistance, race issues, state formation, and the role of women in the war. The editors’ introduction provides a balance to the many perspectives collected here while simultaneously integrating them into a comprehensible whole, thus making the book a compelling read for social historians and military buffs alike.

Sujets

• Histoire
• América del Sur
• Cultural studies
• South America
• History of the Americas
• History

Informations

• Publié par: Nebraska
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780803204409
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

I Die with My Country

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Studies in War, Society, and the Military

editors Mark Grimsley Ohio State University

Peter Maslowski University of Nebraska

editorial board D’Ann Campbell Austin Peay State University

Mark A. Clodfelter National War College

Brooks D. Simpson Arizona State University

Roger J. Spiller Combat Studies Institute U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth

Timothy H. E. Travers University of Calgary

Arthur Waldron U.S. Naval War College

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I Die with My Country

Perspectives on the Paraguayan War, 1864–1870

Edited by Hendrik Kraay and Thomas L. Whigham

University of Nebraska Press Lincoln and London

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©2004by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America  Set in Bembo by Kim Essman. Printed by ThomsonShore, Inc.

Library of Congress Catalogingin Publication Data I die with my country : perspectives on the Paraguayan War,1864–1870/ edited by Hendrik Kraay and Thomas L. Whigham. p. cm.—(Studies in war, society, and the military) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0803227620(hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Paraguayan War,1865–1870. 2. Paraguay—History—19th century. 3. Brazil—History—19th century. 4. Uruguay—History—19th century. 5. Argentina—History—19th century. I. Kraay, Hendrik,1964– . II. Whigham,Thomas,1955– . III. Series. f2687.i62 2004 989.2'05—dc22 2004007730

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In Memoriam Miguel Angel Cuarterolo 1950–2002

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Contents

Maps and Illustrations Preface 1. Introduction:War, Politics, and Society in South America,1820s–60s Thomas L.Whigham and Hendrik Kraay 2. Economy and Manpower: Paraguay at War,1864–69 Jerry W. Cooney 3. Protagonists,Victims, and Heroes: Paraguayan Women during the “Great War” Barbara Potthast 4. Patriotic Mobilization in Brazil:The Zuavos and Other Black Companies Hendrik Kraay 5. Benjamin Constant:The “Truth” behind the Paraguayan War Renato Lemos 6. The Paraguayan War and Political Culture: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,1865–80 Roger Kittleson 7. Uruguay and the Paraguayan War:The Military Dimension Juan Manuel Casal 8. Federalism and Opposition to the Paraguayan War in the Argentine Interior: La Rioja,1865–67 Ariel de la Fuente 9. Images of War: Photographers and Sketch Artists of the Triple Alliance Conflict Miguel Angel Cuarterolo 10. The Paraguayan War: A Catalyst for Nationalism in South America Thomas L.Whigham Notes Contributors Index

viii ix

1

23

44

61

81

105

119

140

154

179

199 247 249

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Maps and Illustrations

Maps

1. South America, circa1864 2. The Plata,1864 3. Humaitá and Its Defenses,1866–68

Illustrations

1. Elite women making a presentation 2. Market women after the war 3. Captains Quirino and Barbosa 4. The Zuavos’ influence in Rio de Janeiro 5. Benjamin Constant 6. Col. León de Palleja’s body 7. George Thomas Bate 8. Death in Paysandú 9. Darkroom tent and observation tower 10. The24de Abril Battalion 11. Paraguayan corpses 12. The church at Humaitá 13. Young Paraguayan prisoner of war 14.The Battle of Yataí 15.Paraguayan Battery 16. Argentine camp at Ensenada 17. Meeting between Mitre and López 18.The Secret Treaty

3 8 11

49 57 66 77 84 133 157 161 163 164 165 167 169 170 171 172 174 177

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Preface

This book originated as a panel on the Paraguayan War organized by Hendrik Kraay for the Society for Military History (smh) annual conference at the Univer sity of Calgary in May2001. The timing for this panel seemed perfect, reflecting a renewed interest in that war among historians in Argentina, Brazil, and the United States. The rapt attention that the audience gave the panel was another positive indicator. Jerry Cooney, Roger Kittleson, Juan Manuel Casal, and Kraay presented papers, and Thomas L. Whigham provided commentary. Over dinner Whigham also suggested collecting the essays together into a book. We sub sequently laid the groundwork for this volume during a hike in the beautiful Canadian Rockies just outside Banff. Cooney and Kittleson revised theirsmh papers, while Casal, Kraay, and Whigham wrote new ones. In the months that followed, four other contributors joined the project. Assembling a coherent compilation from the work of nine historians based in six countries and speaking four languages presented more than a few editorial headaches. For the sake of consistency we have adopted a number of conventions. Argentine, Brazilian, Paraguayan, and Uruguayan place names are spelled accord ing to the modern orthography in their respective countries. Thus the Brazilian town of Uruguaiana always appears with its modern Portuguese spelling, though its Spanishspeaking neighbors know it as “Uruguayana.” Similarly, for battles we use the Spanish name, given that the major ones took place in Spanishspeaking countries. In a few cases, however, where the Brazilians know the battle by a completely different name, we include the alternative in brackets. Following contemporary (and modern) Brazilian usage, people mentioned in chapters4,5, and6are referred to by the name by which they were most commonly known, frequently the most distinctive part of their first or last names. For example, Ben jaminConstantBotelhodeMagalha˜es,thesubjectofRenatoLemos’schapter, is known as Benjamin Constant, his two first names and not his last name. No disrespect is implied in this usage. As editors we have accumulated some considerable debts in putting together this compilation. At various points in the project we benefited from the counsel of Loren “Pat” Patterson, Barbara Ganson, Peter Beattie, and Daniel Hayworth. Wendy Giminski and the staff at the University of Georgia’s Graphic Arts De partment did an excellent job in designing maps for the volume. As readers for the University of Nebraska Press, Peter Beattie and Vitor Izecksohn provided helpful comments and suggestions for revision. Our thanks to all.

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