Planning for Empire

Janis Mimura

Description

Japan's invasion of Manchuria in September of 1931 initiated a new phase of brutal occupation and warfare in Asia and the Pacific. It forwarded the project of remaking the Japanese state along technocratic and fascistic lines and creating a self-sufficient Asian bloc centered on Japan and its puppet state of Manchukuo. In Planning for Empire, Janis Mimura traces the origins and evolution of this new order and the ideas and policies of its chief architects, the reform bureaucrats. The reform bureaucrats pursued a radical, authoritarian vision of modern Japan in which public and private spheres were fused, ownership and control of capital were separated, and society was ruled by technocrats.Mimura shifts our attention away from reactionary young officers to state plannersreform bureaucrats, total war officers, new zaibatsu leaders, economists, political scientists, engineers, and labor party leaders. She shows how empire building and war mobilization raised the stature and influence of these middle-class professionals by calling forth new government planning agencies, research bureaus, and think tanks to draft Five Year industrial plans, rationalize industry, mobilize the masses, streamline the bureaucracy, and manage big business. Deftly examining the political battles and compromises of Japanese technocrats in their bid for political power and Asian hegemony, Planning for Empire offers a new perspective on Japanese fascism by revealing its modern roots in the close interaction of technology and right-wing ideology.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Modern warfare
• World War II
• History of Asia
• Japan
• Central

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 02 mai 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780801460852
• Langue: English

Extrait

PLANNING FOR EMPIRE

Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University

The Weatherhead East Asian Institute is Columbia University’s center for research, publication, and teaching on modern and contemporary East Asia regions. The Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East Asia.

Planningfor Empire Reform Bureaucrats and the Japanese Wartime State

Janis Mimura

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS, ITHACA AND LONDON

Copyright © 2011 by Cornell University

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2011 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Mimura, Janis, 1963–  Planning for empire : reform bureaucrats and the Japanese wartime state / Janis Mimura.  p. cm. — (Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University)  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISBN 9780801449260 (cloth : alk. paper)  1. Japan—Politics and government—1926–1945. 2. Bureaucracy—Japan— History. 3. Technological innovations—Japan—History. 4. Fascism— Japan—History. 5. Civilmilitary relations—Japan—History. 6. Manchuria (China)—History—1931–1945. I. Title. II. Series: Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University.  DS888.5.M546 2011  952.03'3—dc22 2010037180

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetablebased, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For my father, Takuo Mimura, and in memory of my mother, Akiko Mimura

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1.  Japan’s Wartime Technocrats 2.  Military Fascism and Manchukuo, 1930–36 3.  Bureaucratic Visions of Manchukuo, 1933–39 4. Ideologues of Fascism: Okumura Kiwao and Mo¯ ri Hideoto 5.  The New Order and the Politics of Reform, 1940–41 6.  Japan’s Opportunity: Technocratic Strategies for War and Empire, 1941–45

Epilogue: From Wartime TechnoFascism to Postwar Managerialism

Bibliography Index

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Acknowledgments

I am grateful for the assistance that I have received from numerous individuals and institutions in completing this study. First and foremost, I thank my teachers at Berkeley, Andrew Barshay and Irwin Scheiner, whose guidance, enthusiasm, and support sustained me in the long road to this book. In Japan, I am indebted toKobayashiHideo,HaraAkira,ImuraTetsuo,It¯oTakashi,KawaharaHiroshi, andKud¯oAkiraforgenerouslysharingtheirtime,advice,andinsightsonwar time Japan. Masayo Takashi helped me access valuable Manchuria archives, and Kobayashi Hideo, Imura Tetsuo, and Satoshi Sasaki shared some of their own primary documents on wartime planning. In the process of research and writing I benefitted from the advice and assistance of Katalin Ferber, Louise Young, Ger ald Feldman, Michael Barnhart, Miles Fletcher, Bai Gao, Mark Metzler, Tatsushi Hirono, Sharon Holt, and Donna Rilling. The book was considerably improved by the detailed comments and suggestions of Larry Frohman, Richard Smethurst, and two anonymous readers from Cornell University Press. I thank Roger Hay don at Cornell University Press for his expert guidance and Jack Rummel for copy editing the manuscript. I also wish to thank Carol Gluck, Kim Brandt, and the staff at the Weatherhead East Asian Institute for their assistance in publishing this book. Research and writing were made possible by grants from the Fulbright Foun dation; University of California at Berkeley, Department of Education Foreign Area Language Studies Program; the New York State United University Pro fession Drescher Program; and the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. Kirsten Refsing and the Department of Japanese Studies at the University of Hong Kong provided me with a congenial place to write. Carl Steenstrup and Franz Waldenberger arranged for my affiliation as a visiting scholar at the Uni versity of Munich. I warmly thank Kobayashi Hiroko, Miyahara Hiromichi, Susan Barclay, John Lee, Pam Burdman, Allison Rottman, George Mimura, and Laura Mimura for their assistance during my various travels between the United States, Germany, and Japan. Finally, I cannot adequately express my gratitude for the patient and loving support of my husband, Martin Kock, and daughters, Karina and Vivien.

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